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      關(guān)于長(zhǎng)大隧道通風(fēng)排污優(yōu)化控制仿真設(shè)計(jì)

      2019-10-14 03:18:09黃艷國(guó)房罡李向邯陳超張碩
      現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù) 2019年19期
      關(guān)鍵詞:優(yōu)化控制模糊控制節(jié)能

      黃艷國(guó) 房罡 李向邯 陳超 張碩

      摘 ?要: 在長(zhǎng)大隧道通風(fēng)排污優(yōu)化控制系統(tǒng)中,由于受到隧道內(nèi)車(chē)流量改變以及外界環(huán)境變化的影響,傳統(tǒng)采用的固定論域的模糊控制方法往往無(wú)法有效地降低污染物濃度,還極易造成通風(fēng)風(fēng)機(jī)的不必要浪費(fèi)。為解決上述問(wèn)題,提出一種基于粒子群優(yōu)化算法的變論域模糊控制策略,通過(guò)建立隧道內(nèi)通風(fēng)風(fēng)量的數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析通風(fēng)排污過(guò)程中控制目標(biāo)的性能指標(biāo),利用粒子群優(yōu)化算法在線對(duì)伸縮因子進(jìn)行尋優(yōu),以此動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整模糊控制器輸入、輸出量的論域,從而改善隧道環(huán)境參數(shù)。搭建 Matlab/Fuzzy仿真平臺(tái)完成系統(tǒng)仿真并與傳統(tǒng)模糊控制器進(jìn)行比較,仿真結(jié)果顯示優(yōu)化后的控制方法與傳統(tǒng)控制方法相比,可以有效地抑制污染物濃度并且達(dá)到了較好的節(jié)能目的。

      關(guān)鍵詞: 隧道通風(fēng); 排污; 污染物稀釋; 模糊控制; 優(yōu)化控制; 實(shí)驗(yàn)仿真; 節(jié)能

      中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): TN876?34; TB24 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2019)19?0144?05

      Abstract: As for the ventilation and pollution discharge system of long tunnels, the traditional fuzzy control method using fixed?universe domain is often affected by change in traffic flow in the tunnel and change in the external environment, so it usually can not reduce the pollutant concentration effectively, and is easy to result in unnecessary waste of the ventilation fan. In order to solve the above problems, a variable universe fuzzy control strategy based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The performance index of control goal in the ventilation and pollution discharge is analyzed with the mathematic model established for determining the ventilation volume in tunnel. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the contraction?expansion factor on line, and the input and output domains of the fuzzy controller are dynamically adjusted, so as to to optimize the tunnel required air volume and improve the tunnel environment. The Matlab/Fuzzy simulation platform is build to complete the system simulation and compare it with the traditional fuzzy controller. The simulation results show that the optimized control method can more effectively suppress the pollutant concentration and achieve the better energy?saving purpose, in comparison with the traditional control method.

      Keywords: tunnel ventilation; pollution discharge; pollutant dilution; fuzzy control; optimization control; experimental simulation; energy conservation

      0 ?引 ?言

      隧道通風(fēng)控制系統(tǒng)具有非線性、時(shí)變性以及遲滯性等特點(diǎn),其作用和設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為熱門(mén)研究之一[1]。長(zhǎng)大公路隧道有效的通風(fēng)控制不但能節(jié)省資源的消耗,還能為車(chē)輛通行提供良好的行車(chē)環(huán)境。模糊控制由于結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、魯棒性強(qiáng)且不用對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的建模處理,在隧道通風(fēng)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)被證實(shí)具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。隨著近些年國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者對(duì)隧道通風(fēng)模糊控制進(jìn)行深入系統(tǒng)性分析研究,在通風(fēng)排污方面已經(jīng)取得了較大的成效。文獻(xiàn)[2]基于交通量及天氣影響對(duì)隧道需風(fēng)量進(jìn)行計(jì)算,并利用模糊理論對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)行控制,以此來(lái)降低污染物濃度;文獻(xiàn)[3]運(yùn)用T?S模糊辨識(shí)法對(duì)隧道污染物濃度變化量進(jìn)行提前預(yù)測(cè),用于提前優(yōu)化隧道內(nèi)的風(fēng)機(jī)數(shù)量;文獻(xiàn)[4]將系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)的CO值和煙霧VI值與其設(shè)定值的差值作為控制器的模糊輸入變量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了隧道通風(fēng)的合理控制。然而在長(zhǎng)大隧道通風(fēng)調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程中,這些基于傳統(tǒng)模糊控制的排污方法采用的輸入與輸出量論域都是固定不變的,這就導(dǎo)致控制規(guī)則不足,運(yùn)行中所耗費(fèi)的能源較大。針對(duì)上述不足,眾多的研究學(xué)者對(duì)模糊控制進(jìn)行了各種改進(jìn),如自適應(yīng)積分滑模模糊控制[5]、模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制[6]等。因此,本文在借鑒前人的優(yōu)化模糊控制方法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出將變論域模糊理念運(yùn)用到隧道通風(fēng)排污系統(tǒng)中。利用CO濃度作為控制目標(biāo),將粒子群優(yōu)化算法應(yīng)用于對(duì)伸縮因子的智能尋優(yōu),以此構(gòu)成變論域模糊控制器,從而改善隧道環(huán)境[7]。

      3 ?結(jié) ?語(yǔ)

      通過(guò)對(duì)隧道通風(fēng)排污系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),將變論域模糊器應(yīng)用在隧道通風(fēng)控制中。與隧道固定論域的模糊控制相比,不但實(shí)現(xiàn)了能源的節(jié)約,而且降低了風(fēng)機(jī)使用頻率和臺(tái)數(shù),延長(zhǎng)了通風(fēng)機(jī)的使用壽命。通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,本系統(tǒng)可降低能耗約6.5%,有效減少了隧道運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。

      參考文獻(xiàn)

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      XING Rongjun, XU Pai, JIANG Shuping, et al. Research on CO dynamic concentration control indicato r in traffic tunnel [J]. Chinese journal of under ground space and engineering, 2018, 14(2): 530?535.

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      [3] 楊宇,周奎寧,程軍圣.模糊辨識(shí)在隧道縱向式通風(fēng)控制中的應(yīng)用[J].計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用,2014,50(4):245?249.

      YANG Yu, ZHOU Kuining, CHENG Junsheng. Application of fuzzy identification to road tunnel longitudinal ventilation control [J]. Computer engineering and applications, 2014, 50(4): 245?249.

      [4] 林強(qiáng),劉明華,茹鋒,等.隧道通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)模糊控制算法研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(9):85?88.

      LIN Qiang, LIU Minghua, RU feng, et al. Study on fuzzy control algorithm for tunnel ventilation system [J]. Highway traffic technology, 2010, 27(9): 85?88.

      [5] TAN Z, HUANG Z Y, WU K, et al. Simulation analysis of longitudinal ventilation system with jet fan speed control for MPC strategy in a road tunnel [C]// 2012 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Ancho?rage: IEEE, 2012: 1471?1476.

      [6] TAN Zhen, XIA Yingjie, YANG Qinmin, et al. Adaptive fine pollutant discharge control for motor vehicles tunnels under traffic state transition [J]. IET intelligent transport systems, 2015, 9(8): 783?791.

      [7] 馬潔榮,任淑萍.改進(jìn)的粒子群優(yōu)化算法的研究[J].科技創(chuàng)新與生產(chǎn)力,2017(9): 94?96.

      MA Jierong, REN Shuping. Research of improved particle swarm optimization algorithm [J]. Sci?tech innovation and productivity, 2017(9): 94?96.

      [8] 彭靈志,賀建軍.基于粒子群算法的變論域模糊控制策略[J].控制工程,2012,19(z1):116?118.

      PENG Lingzhi, HE Jianjun. Variable universe fuzzy control based on particle swarm optimization algorithm [J]. Control engineering of China, 2012, 19(S1): 116?118.

      [9] 褚鵬宇,劉瀾,尹俊淞,等.融合時(shí)空信息的短時(shí)交通流預(yù)測(cè)[J].計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用,2016,52(12):246?250.

      CHU Pengyu, LIU Lan, YIN Junsong, et al. Short?term traffic flow forecasting by fusing spatial?temporal traffic information [J]. Computer engineering and applications, 2016, 52(12): 246?250.

      [10] KUESEL T R, KING E H, BICKEL J O. Tunnel engineering handbook [M]. [S.l.]: Springer Science & Business Media, 1996.

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      ZHANG Xiaosong, JIN Tao, LIN Dong. Research on multi?parameter fuzzy control algorithm of highway tunnel ventilation system [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Na?tural science), 2016, 35(4): 20?24.

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      ZHAO Hang. Study on ventilation air quantity control system based on fuzzy PID control [J]. Modern electronics technique, 2016, 39(16): 125?127.

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