南玉祥
摘要:反意疑問句的知識點雖小,但它在使用的過程中經(jīng)常被忽視,因而是最容易出錯的知識點,因此,學(xué)習(xí)者一定要仔細(xì)認(rèn)真。
關(guān)鍵詞:反意;陳述;疑問句
在陳述句之后,附加一個簡短問句,對陳述句所敘述的事情提出相反的疑問,這種疑問句叫反意疑問。反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句(Tag question),主要由“陳述部分+附加疑問部分”構(gòu)成。陳述句部分讀時一般用降調(diào),附加疑問部分一般用升調(diào)。在使用時主要遵循“前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定”的原則。附加疑問部分的主語與動詞形式由陳述部分的主語和動詞形式?jīng)Q定,而且主語只用人稱代詞。
一、疑問部分的主語
附加疑問部分的主語通常和陳述部分的主語一致,但需注意下列情況:
(1)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything,something,nothing等指物的合成詞時,附加疑問部分的主語只能用少it;當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 everyone,everybody,somebody,someone,nobody,no one等指人的合成詞時,附加疑問部分的主語在正式語體中通常用he,在非正式語體中則往往用they.
Eg:
① Everything is arranged in a good order, isnt it ?
②Someone has broken the glass, havent they?
③No one knows the history of this museum , does he?
(2)當(dāng)陳述部分是there be 句式,附加疑問部分的主語也用there.
Eg:
①Theres something wrong, isnt there?
②There used to be a petrol station near the park, didnt there?
(3)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是不定式、動名詞、從句或this/that時, 疑問部分的主語通常用it.
①Seeing is believing ,isnt it? 眼見為實,不是嗎?
②This is not as beautiful as that , is it?
(4)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是定代詞one時, 疑問部分的主語可以用one(正式場合),也可以用you (非正式場合)。
Eg:One can not survive without water, can you/ one?
(5)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是主從復(fù)合句,附加疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語動詞一致;但是,當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是第一人稱主語+think,believe,suppose,suspect,expect等結(jié)構(gòu)時,附加疑問部分往往與賓語從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。但當(dāng)陳述部分為非第一人稱主語+think,suppose,believe,fancy,imagine,expect +that 從句時,問句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致。
①If you had come yesterday, you might have seen him, mightnt you?
②They dont believe shes an engineer, do they
③I dont think he will arrive here in time, will he ?
二、特殊反意疑問句
(1)祈使句中的附加疑問句。
“祈使句+附加疑問”構(gòu)成的附加疑問句中,疑問部分一般用 will you,wont you,would you;否定的祈使句之后的附加問句只可用will you.
Eg:
①Sit down, wont you?
②Be quiet, would you?
③Dont move the CD, will you?
④When you have finished with that video tape, dont forget to put it in my drawer, will you?
在以Lets 或Let us 開頭的祈使句之后,附加疑問部分用法有區(qū)別,Lets 之后用 shall we, 而Let us之后則用 will you.
Eg:
①Lets go shopping, shall we?我們購物去,好不好?(說話雙方包含在內(nèi))
②Let us go,will you? 讓我們走吧,可以嗎?(只包含說話者)
(2)當(dāng)陳述部分含有以下這些否定意義的詞:few,little,seldom,hardly,rarely,never,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither 等,疑問部分需要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。
Eg:
①Few people know him, do they?
②He seldom gives his wife a present,does he?
(3)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有表示“有”含義的動詞have/has/ had 時,附加疑問部分既可以用have/has/had,也可以用 do/ does/did;如果含義不是“有”,則必需用do/does/ did.
Eg:
①You had breakfast,didnt you?
②He has a good memory,hasnt/doesnt he?
(4)陳述部分是 I am 結(jié)構(gòu),疑問部分在正式的場合用 am I not, 非正式場合用 arent I.
Eg:Im late, am I not //arent I?
(5)陳述部分是 I wish 句式,表示詢問或征求意見時,疑問部分用 may I.
Eg:I wish to shake hands with you,may I?
(6)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞時,附加疑問部分助動詞的選擇:
陳述部分含有ought to,附加疑問部分用ought 或 should;
陳述部分含有used to,附加疑問部分用used或 did;
陳述部分含有need 或dare,附加疑問部分常用need或dare;當(dāng)dare,need為實義動詞時,疑問部分用助動詞do/does/did;
陳述部分含有must時,附加疑問部分通用must;但如must 作“有必要”解時,也可用neednt; 表“一定,肯定”推測意義時,也可根據(jù)上下文用其他動詞。
Eg:
①We ought to go there, oughtnt/shouldnt we?
②He used to smoke forty cigarettes a day, usednt / didnt he?
③He dare not say so, dare he?
④She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?
⑤You must go now, mustnt/ neednt you?
⑥He must have waited here for a long time, hasnt he?
⑦You must have got up late this morning, didnt you?
(7)陳述部分是感嘆句時,附加問句用否定形式,主語與感嘆句中的名詞或代詞一致。
Eg:
①What delicious food it is,isnt it?
② How lovely the girl is,isnt she?
(8)陳述部分含有had better,附加問句的動詞用 hadnt.
Eg:
①We had better go to school at once,hadnt we ?
②You had better go to see the doctor,hadnt you?
(9)陳述部分有have to 時,附加問句部分的動詞通常用do的相應(yīng)形式。
①You had to water the vegetables every day, didnt you?
②We have to get there at eight, dont we?
(10)陳述部分是并列句,附加問句與鄰近分句一致;陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句,附加問句與主句一致。
Eg:
①She works hard and she is the best one in her factory, isnt she?
②When the teacher speaks in class, we have to keep quiet, dont we?