邱世才
題型概述
聽力測(cè)試主要考查考生接受信息、判斷信息和運(yùn)用信息的能力,錄音內(nèi)容基本上是沒有生詞障礙的英語材料。
中考聽力測(cè)試范圍包含英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的粗體詞語、功能意念項(xiàng)目和初中生所熟悉的生活、學(xué)習(xí)等話題。
◎命題形式
從2018年各地中考試卷看,聽力試題主要從單詞辨音、句子辨音、句子理解、對(duì)話理解、短文理解和表格填空等形式進(jìn)行命題。
一、單詞辨音
單詞辨音題要求考生根據(jù)單詞讀音,選出該單詞的音標(biāo)選項(xiàng)。例如:
聽下面5個(gè)單詞。每個(gè)單詞后面有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出作為該單詞音標(biāo)的正確選項(xiàng)。每個(gè)單詞讀兩遍。
①A./li:v/ B./l?st/ C./let/
②A./ta??d/ B./?te?bl/ C./?ta?ɡ?/
③A./r?t?/ B./t?t?/ C./s?:t?/
……
【2018·聊城中考題】
錄音材料:
①let? ?②table? ?③rich
參考答案:①~③CBA
【解題秘籍】在聽單詞聽力題之前,要把每組三個(gè)單詞的音標(biāo)比較一下,注意其尾音是否相同,如不相同就要多留意其元音的讀音,以便聽錄音時(shí)有所側(cè)重。
二、句子辨音
句子辨音題(也叫關(guān)鍵詞語選擇題),考查考生在聽清句子的前提下識(shí)別單詞或詞組的能力。此類題型中,每小題會(huì)提供讀音易混或干擾性較強(qiáng)的三個(gè)單詞或短語選項(xiàng),要求考生聽錄音后選出所聽到的詞語。例如:
請(qǐng)?jiān)诿啃☆}所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)你所聽到的單詞或短語。每個(gè)句子讀兩遍。
①A.look B.knock C.cook
②A.dream B.cream C.team
【2018·安徽中考題】
錄音材料:
①Keep your attention, and nothing can knock you down.
②If you work together as a team, youll be successful more easily.
參考答案:①~②BC
【解題秘籍】聽錄音前,先瀏覽所給三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的單詞或短語,暗記其讀音和詞義。播放錄音時(shí),快速捕捉與選項(xiàng)相關(guān)的詞語,在聽懂句子意思的基礎(chǔ)上,通過判斷選擇答案。
三、句子理解
句子理解題包括聽句子選答語、選意思相近的句子、選擇相關(guān)的圖片等形式。例如:
1.聽下面提示句,從每小題A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出能回應(yīng)提示句的最佳選項(xiàng)。每個(gè)句子讀兩遍。
①A.He likes playing basketball.
B.He is very hard?working.
C.He is very tall.
②A.Of course not.
B.Sorry, I wont do it again.
C.What a shame!
【2018·咸寧中考題】
錄音材料:
①What does Yao Ming look like?
②Dont throw litter around!
2.看圖聽句子,選出與句子意思一致的圖畫。每個(gè)句子讀一遍。
A ? B C D E
①? ? ? ?②? ? ? ?③? ? ? ?④? ? ? ?⑤
【2018·海南中考題】
錄音材料:
①Look, some girls are singing over there. ②Its going to rain. Youd better take your umbrella.
③Sorry, sir. You cannot smoke here.
④I take my dog for a walk after dinner every day.
⑤If you have any questions, please put up your hand.
3.聽句子,選擇與所聽內(nèi)容或語境相關(guān)的信息。每個(gè)句子讀兩遍。
【2018·蘭州中考題】
錄音材料:
I like eating bananas a lot.
參考答案:1.①~②CB? ?2.①~⑤EACDB? ?3.A
【解題秘籍】對(duì)于聽句子選答語的題,首先應(yīng)了解選項(xiàng)的具體內(nèi)容,錄音開始時(shí)要仔細(xì)聽錄音內(nèi)容,便于根據(jù)其內(nèi)容推測(cè)出答案。
對(duì)聽句子選圖畫的題,先要觀察每幅圖畫的內(nèi)容,找出每幅圖間的相同點(diǎn)與不同點(diǎn)。聽錄音時(shí),注意對(duì)主要信息和關(guān)鍵詞的把握,通過分析和比較來排除不符合錄音內(nèi)容的圖畫。
四、對(duì)話理解
對(duì)話理解題包括聽對(duì)話內(nèi)容直接選答案(圖片)、聽對(duì)話及問題選答案(圖片)或聽對(duì)話判斷正誤等題型。錄音材料分為簡(jiǎn)短(?。?duì)話、段落(長(zhǎng))對(duì)話。錄音材料為問候、介紹、天氣、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情景、購(gòu)物、計(jì)算以及職業(yè)與關(guān)系、邀請(qǐng)與約會(huì)、請(qǐng)求與幫助等題材,問題常以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)。例如:
1.根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容,回答對(duì)話后面的問題,在每小題所給出的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話聽兩遍。
Where does the woman want to go?
A.To the zoo. B.To the park.
C.To the airport.
【2018·長(zhǎng)沙中考題】
錄音材料:
M:Miss, where do you want to go?
W:Could you please take me to the air?port?
2.根據(jù)你所聽到的一段對(duì)話,從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。每段對(duì)話聽兩遍。
①How does the girl feel now?
A.Relaxed. B.Stressed. C.Excited.
②What does the girl do before an exam?
A.She does more homework.
B.She asks teachers for help.
C.She listens to music.
【2018·江西中考題】
錄音材料:
M:How are your exams going?
W:Not bad actually. I think Im doing pretty well.
M:I dont know how you stay so relaxed about it all. Im really stressed.
W:I always listen to relaxing music be?fore I have an exam. That keeps my head cool.
...
參考答案:1.C? ?2.①~②AC
【解題秘籍】做聽對(duì)話理解題時(shí),要在聽錄音前了解問答信息,預(yù)測(cè)錄音的大概內(nèi)容。在聽錄音時(shí),要把握各小題地點(diǎn)、人物、時(shí)間或數(shù)字的變化等主要信息,把握表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but和表示否定的no、not、nothing、hardly等關(guān)鍵詞,采用推理、排除、辨別等方法進(jìn)行綜合判斷,從而得出正確答案。
3.聽對(duì)話,從題中所給的A、B、C三幅圖片中選出與對(duì)話意思相符的圖片。每段對(duì)話聽兩遍。
What does the man eat at last?
【2018·宜賓中考題】
錄音材料:
M:Id like some beef, please.
W:Sorry, sir. We dont have any beef now. How about some eggs?
M:OK.
參考答案:B
【解題秘籍】預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)圖片,預(yù)測(cè)話題及內(nèi)容。聽錄音時(shí),要抓住關(guān)鍵信息,留意表示句意轉(zhuǎn)折和表示否定的詞語,關(guān)注對(duì)話人的“弦外之音”,把握說話者的真實(shí)含義后再選擇答案。
4.判斷下列句子是否符合你聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示。
Mary has just become a college stu?dent.(? ? ? )
【2018·上海中考題】
錄音材料:
M:Hello, my name is Simon. Are you a new student?
W:Yes, I am. My name is Mary. Nice to meet you.
M:Nice to meet you, too. Ive studied in this college for 2 years. How do you like your college life?
...
參考答案:T
【解題秘籍】做此類題型時(shí),要初步了解所給句子的大意。聽錄音時(shí),注意對(duì)話中事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和主要情節(jié),以及對(duì)話中人物的語氣。邊聽錄音邊依次觀察所給的句子,隨時(shí)判定哪個(gè)句子是正確的。
五、短文理解
短文理解題(又叫獨(dú)白題)是綜合性強(qiáng)、難度較大的題型。其考查方式有聽短文判斷正誤、選擇填空、完成句子或回答問題等,其考查內(nèi)容主要涉及人物、故事情節(jié)、主旨等。例如:
1.本題你將聽到一篇短文,讀兩遍,請(qǐng)從每個(gè)小題的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)。
Who went for a holiday with Zhang Yuan last summer?
A.His friends. B.His parents.
C.His classmates.
【2018·陜西中考題】
錄音材料:
Zhang Yuan is a middle school student. Last summer, his parents took him to America for a holiday...
參考答案:B
【解題秘籍】快速瀏覽各題的選項(xiàng),推測(cè)短文可能涉及的內(nèi)容。聽錄音的過程中,要聽清What、When、Who、Why、Where和How,通過歸納、綜合、判斷選擇正確的答案。
2.根據(jù)你所聽到的短文內(nèi)容,判斷下列各句正(T)、誤(F)。
Jane stayed in an old hotel.(? ? ? )
【2018·吉林中考題】
錄音材料:
Jane was on holiday in China. She stayed in an old hotel...
參考答案:T
【解題秘籍】瀏覽所給句子,初步了解其內(nèi)容。聽錄音時(shí),留意短文中的主要情節(jié),判斷內(nèi)容的排列順序。采用邊聽錄音邊判斷的方式確定答案。
3.聽下面一段獨(dú)白,根據(jù)獨(dú)白內(nèi)容完成下列句子,每空格不超過3個(gè)單詞。
The school opens? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .
【2018·江西中考題】
錄音材料:
...The school opens on Monday and all students do an English test...
參考答案:on Monday
【解題秘籍】了解所給句子大意,從空格所在的位置及前后單詞猜出詞性。細(xì)聽錄音,速記關(guān)鍵詞。聽第一遍時(shí),迅速寫出認(rèn)為應(yīng)填的單詞,一時(shí)寫不出來的單詞,可標(biāo)出其漢語意思。聽第二遍時(shí),可邊聽邊糾正或完善單詞。
六、表格填空
聽錄音填表是表格補(bǔ)充題,錄音材料以對(duì)話、留言、通知、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷、新聞報(bào)道等為主。例如:
聽短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列表格。短文讀兩遍。
[Situation ◆More than 40 million foreigners, in?cluding ①? ? ? ?and adults around the world are learning Chinese. The rea?sons for learning Chinese David ◆There are many ②? ? ? ? ? for him to talk with Chinese or ③? ? ? ?in Chinese in his busi?ness. Bob ◆He became interested in Chi?nese ④? ? ? ?and was amazed when he first watched Beijing Opera two years ago. Lisa ◆China is becoming ⑤? ? ? ? ? ?and quite a lot of people want to know more about China. ]
【2018·煙臺(tái)中考題】
錄音材料:
More than 40 million foreigners around the world are learning Chinese. Some of them are children. They learn Chinese at school. Others are adults. They learn from their Chinese friends or study at the Confu?cius Institute.
I asked some of my foreign friends why they liked learning Chinese. David, who works in a big company in Australia, says that he has to learn Chinese because there are many chances to talk with people from China or read emails in Chinese in his busi?ness. Bob says that he wants to learn Chi?nese because he is very interested in Chi?nese culture. He was so amazed when he first watched Beijing Opera two years ago. Lisa thinks the most important thing is that China is becoming stronger and a lot of people want to know more about China.
參考答案:①children? ?②chances
③read emails? ?④culture? ?⑤stronger
【解題秘籍】聽錄音前,要快速瀏覽表格信息,初步了解需填寫的單詞。聽錄音時(shí),重點(diǎn)捕捉對(duì)話或短文中的主要信息和某些細(xì)節(jié)。錄音結(jié)束后,根據(jù)對(duì)其具體內(nèi)容的回憶,寫出符合題目要求的答案。要注意的是,填完單詞之后的句子要做到語句通順、語法正確。