重慶韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍總司令部舊址

年代：始建于上世紀(jì)30年代 ? ? Time of Construction： Built in the 1930s

坐標(biāo)：渝中區(qū)鄒容路37號(hào) ? ? ? ?Location： No.37， Zourong Road， Yuzhong District

韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍總司令部舊址建于上世紀(jì)30年代，現(xiàn)為復(fù)原重建。磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，二樓一底，為中西結(jié)合建筑，外墻為磚砌，內(nèi)部開間為夾壁墻，有木質(zhì)門窗及樓梯，建筑面積約2500平方米。

朝鮮半島獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期，朝鮮半島人民在重慶市區(qū)內(nèi)辦公的地方有好幾處，除了蓮花池38號(hào)，還包括附近的吳師爺巷（今和平路）、楊柳街（今五一路）、土橋韓人村（位于巴南）等。韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍總司令部舊址作為反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，朝鮮半島人民在中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持反日獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的流亡政府重要軍事機(jī)構(gòu)，具有較高的歷史價(jià)值。

1910年8月，日本帝國(guó)主義強(qiáng)迫大韓帝國(guó)（朝鮮王朝于1897年改國(guó)號(hào)為“大韓帝國(guó)”）簽訂《日韓合并條約》，強(qiáng)占了朝鮮半島。大量朝鮮半島反日獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)人士來到中國(guó)從事抗日獨(dú)立斗爭(zhēng)。

1919年，大韓民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府在上海成立， 1940年9月17日，在中國(guó)政府和人民的支持幫助下，韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍總司令部在重慶成立。在中國(guó)政府的統(tǒng)一軍事指揮下，通過改組、整編、征募，韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍協(xié)助中國(guó)軍民開展抗日武裝斗爭(zhēng)，與美軍合作開展特種技術(shù)軍事訓(xùn)練，并選派人員赴印緬戰(zhàn)區(qū)協(xié)助英軍抗日。

1940年9月17日，大韓民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府光復(fù)軍在原嘉陵賓館舉行總司令部成立典禮。當(dāng)時(shí)的韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍由李青天將軍出任總司令，李范奭出任參謀長(zhǎng)。據(jù)介紹，中國(guó)各界特別是許多政要都參加了這場(chǎng)成立儀式，這不僅表明他們對(duì)朝鮮半島獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的聲援，而且也成為中韓兩國(guó)人民團(tuán)結(jié)一致共同抗日的最好見證。

大韓民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府在重慶開展民族獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的6年時(shí)間，曾得到了國(guó)民政府和中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的大力支持。1945年11月5日，為感謝中國(guó)人民的深情厚誼，大韓民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府主席金九在回國(guó)前發(fā)表《致中華民國(guó)朝野人士告別書》稱，“抗戰(zhàn)8年來，敝國(guó)臨時(shí)政府隨國(guó)府遷渝，舉凡借撥政舍，供應(yīng)軍備，以及維持僑民生活，均荷于經(jīng)濟(jì)百度艱窘之秋，慨為河潤(rùn)。”

1945年8月15日，日本宣布無條件投降，世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)取得全面勝利。韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍官兵陸續(xù)返回朝鮮半島。韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍參與了中國(guó)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的反法西斯斗爭(zhēng)，在韓國(guó)獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)史上具有重要的地位。

2019年3月28日，韓國(guó)總理李洛淵訪問重慶，為重慶韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍總司令部舊址復(fù)建完工暨對(duì)外開放儀式剪彩。李洛淵表示，重慶韓國(guó)光復(fù)軍總司令部的修復(fù)，彰顯了中韓兩國(guó)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)深厚的紐帶關(guān)系，這不僅僅是對(duì)歷史的復(fù)原，更是啟動(dòng)未來新紐帶的起點(diǎn)。

圖片/重慶大韓民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府舊址陳列館提供

編輯/楊艷

The Site of the Korean Liberation Army General Command was built in the 1930s and the current building is the restoration and reconstruction of the original one. The building covers an area of about 2，500 square meters， which consists of two floors and a basement. Made with bricks and wood， the exterior wall of the building is constructed by bricks while the interior space are surrounded by double-layer hollow walls. Also， wooden doors and windows as well as stairs feature its combination of Chinese and western style of architecture.

During the period of independence movement of the Korean Peninsula， there were several sites of the anti-Japanese relics in the urban area of Chongqing. Except for the No. 38 of Lianhuachi， the nearby Wushiye Lane （now Heping Road）， Yangliu Street （now Wuyi Road）， and Hanrencun village in Tuqiao （located in Ba’nan district） and other places were also included. As an important military institution in the anti-Fascist war， the Site of the Korean Liberation Army General Command records the history of people of the Korean Peninsula who have long adhered to the anti-Japanese independence movement in China and thus its historical value speaks for itself.

In August 1910， Japanese imperialism forced the Korean Empire （the Korean dynasty changed its national title to the “Korean Empire” in 1897） to sign the “Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty”， and thus occupied the Korean Peninsula. A large number of anti-Japanese activists on the Korean Peninsula came to China to engage in the struggle against Japanese imperialism and the fight for independence.

In 1919， the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was established in Shanghai. On September 17， 1940， the Korean Liberation Army General Command was established in Chongqing with the support and aid of the Chinese government and people. Under the unified military command of the Chinese government， the Korean Liberation Army General Command went through rearmament， reorganization， and recruitment and assisted the Chinese military and civilians in carrying out the anti-Japanese armed struggle. More than that， the Army also cooperated with the US military in the field of special technical military training， and sent personnel to the India-Burma war zone to assist the British army in resisting Japan.

On September 17， 1940， the Korean Liberation Army of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea held the inauguration ceremony of the General Command at the original Jialing Hotel. At that time， General Ji Cheong-cheon was appointed Commander-in-Chief and Lee Beom-seok was appointed Chief of Staff by the Korean Liberation Army. It is reported that all walks of life in China， especially many important members of the government， participated in this inauguration ceremony. This not only expresses their support for the independence movement of the Korean Peninsula， but also serves as the best testimony to the united efforts of the Chinese and Korean peoples to fight against Japan.

During the six years when the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea launched the national independence movement in Chongqing， it has received substantial support from the National Government and the Chinese Communist Party. On November 5， 1945， Kim Gu published a “Farewell to Government Officials and Its People of the Republic of China” before returning to Korea in order to show his gratitude for the deep friendship of the Chinese people. “The past eight years of the War of Resistance witnessed the migration of our Provisional Government to Chongqing along with the Chinese national government. The national government aided us in renting out official residences， supplying provision for our armaments and maintaining the lives of our expatriates. The financial generosity given is like an empty river being moisturized by water again， which manifests itself even in this hard time for us，” he said.

The announcement of Japan’s unconditional surrender on August 15， 1945 heralded the complete victory of worldwide anti-fascist war. Officials and soldiers of the Korean Liberation Army returned to the Korean peninsula in succession. The Korean Liberation Army participated in the anti-fascist struggle in the Chinese battlefield and played an important role in the history of the Korean independence movement.

On March 28， 2019， prime minister of South Korea Lee Nak-yeon visited Chongqing to participate in the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the completion of the re-construction and opening of the Site of the Korean Liberation Army General Command in Chongqing. Lee denoted that the restoration of the Korean Liberation Army General Command in Chongqing is a true manifestation of the long-term and deep ties between China and South Korea. More than a restoration of history， it is also a starting point for launching new bonds in the future.

Picture/ the Museum of the Site of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Chongqing

Editor/ Yang Yan ? ? Translator/Li Hongyu