為什么說(shuō)‘“一帶一路’”是世界最大的民生工程

編者按：

王義桅，中國(guó)人民大學(xué)國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院教授，歐洲問(wèn)題研究中心主任，本刊特約顧問(wèn)。近年來(lái)，王義桅奔走于世界五十多個(gè)國(guó)家，向國(guó)王、總統(tǒng)、外長(zhǎng)、學(xué)者、民眾講述“一帶一路”，生動(dòng)形象、深入淺出地回答了世界的中國(guó)之問(wèn)、“一帶一路’”之問(wèn)。

我先講幾個(gè)故事來(lái)說(shuō)明。第一個(gè)故事是我們?nèi)グ突固沟臅r(shí)候，看到巴基斯坦人民見(jiàn)到中國(guó)人就擁抱合影，對(duì)中國(guó)非常友好，我作為一個(gè)中國(guó)人感到十分自豪。在20世紀(jì)60年代，中國(guó)幫巴基斯坦修了喀喇昆侖公路，從新疆的喀什一直修到了伊斯蘭堡。在海拔幾千米高的地方修路極其艱難。對(duì)此，巴基斯坦朋友感動(dòng)地說(shuō)，我們的友誼像喜馬拉雅山一樣高，像印度洋一樣深。如今，對(duì)于中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊的建設(shè)，他們說(shuō)兩國(guó)之間的友誼會(huì)比蜜還要甜，比鋼還要硬。所以“一帶一路”就是要點(diǎn)一盞燈，讓世界人民看到光明。當(dāng)然，“一帶一路”建設(shè)不是簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)外援助，沿線國(guó)家不僅接受中國(guó)發(fā)的“紅包”，將來(lái)也會(huì)給中國(guó)發(fā)“紅包”。中國(guó)大量的產(chǎn)能會(huì)走向這些國(guó)家，給他們創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的同時(shí)，也給我們的公司帶來(lái)巨大的利潤(rùn)?！耙粠б宦贰本褪且嘤鼐€國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)給中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng)空間。

另外一個(gè)故事是我們?cè)诜侵拮稣{(diào)研的時(shí)候了解到，非洲現(xiàn)在5億多人還沒(méi)有用上電。他們以前買(mǎi)iPhone手機(jī)，不僅很貴，而且非常耗電，而他們兩三天才能到城鎮(zhèn)去充一次電。后來(lái)，傳音手機(jī)來(lái)到非洲，非洲朋友發(fā)現(xiàn)傳音手機(jī)的電量可以用好多天，待機(jī)時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，價(jià)格也比iPhone便宜很多，而且多卡多待，照相有美白功能，非常喜歡。“一帶一路”的關(guān)鍵就是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的互聯(lián)互通，我們?cè)诜侵藿ㄔO(shè)“三網(wǎng)一化”工程，即高速公路網(wǎng)、高速鐵路網(wǎng)、區(qū)域航空網(wǎng)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的工業(yè)化。整個(gè)非洲搭上了“一帶一路”的快車(chē)。非洲人民到中國(guó)來(lái)，不再是要援助了，而是招商引資。這些都是在學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，脫貧致富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?，F(xiàn)在有三句話在非洲很流行，就是中國(guó)人常講的“要致富先修路，要快富修高速，要閃富通網(wǎng)路"?？梢哉f(shuō)，非洲是“一帶一路”合作里最容易出亮點(diǎn)的，充滿希望的大陸。

最后一個(gè)故事回到中國(guó)，我們知道古代的絲綢之路給我們帶來(lái)了番茄、石榴、胡椒，那么今天的“一帶一路”會(huì)給我們的生活帶來(lái)哪些變化呢？我們知道，飛機(jī)運(yùn)輸價(jià)格很貴，而海上大規(guī)模的運(yùn)輸周期非常長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在中歐班列開(kāi)通以后，老百姓的生活更加便捷了。比如在鄭州，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)超市里德國(guó)、比利時(shí)的啤酒，居然比我們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)刭I(mǎi)還要便宜。那是因?yàn)槌兄苯訌闹袣W班列的物流中心買(mǎi)，是批發(fā)價(jià)，而我們?cè)跉W洲當(dāng)?shù)刭I(mǎi)的是零售價(jià)。鄭州現(xiàn)在有北京后海那樣非常洋氣的酒吧，很多外國(guó)朋友也愿意在鄭州生活了，鄭州人也可以享受到更多“一帶一路”帶來(lái)的好處。所以，“一帶一路”不僅是造福沿線各國(guó)人民，也造福于我們中國(guó)人。

“一帶一路”是世界上最大的民生工程?！耙粠б宦贰苯ㄔO(shè)將資金投向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和民生，讓沿線發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以更多地實(shí)現(xiàn)彎道超車(chē)，讓世界看到光源。這是我們的擔(dān)當(dāng)，也是我們經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。為人民服務(wù)，為“一帶一路"的人民服務(wù)，這也是“一帶一路”的精髓。

The Belt and Road Initiative represents the?world's greatest endeavor to promote?livelihood. Let me lustrate?the conclusion with three?stories. My first story happened in my trip?to Pakistan. The Pakistani people greeted and?hugged us， and took group photos with us?very cordially. At the sight of the scene， a proud?sense of being Chinese flooded over me all?of a sudden. Back in the 1960s， China ever lent?Pakistan a hand with the construction ofKarakoram Highway from Kashgar of Xinjiang toIslamabad of Pakistan. Just imagine how many?difficulties we met then to build the road at an altitude?of several thousand meters！ Pakistani people?who are deeply touched by China’s friendly aid said China-Pakistan friendship is as high?as the Himalayas and as deep as the IndianOcean. And with the construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor， China-Pakistan?friendship will grow more than honey sweet and?steely fim， they believe. Therefore， the Belt and?Road Initiative is to offer a beacon of hope?to everyone across the globe. Needless to say，?the Initiative involves more than foreign aid by?China- it brings reciprocating benefits betweenChina and other countries along the Belt andRoad. Chinese firms with large production capacity， by operating in the B&R countries， will not?only create a great number of local jobs but also?gain handsome profits. This embodies the purpose?of the Belt and Road Initiative which is?to foster new growth poles for other countries along?the routes and facilitate the sustainable economic?development of China.

My second story happened during our investigation?trip to Africa. As we all know， the?continent still has a population of?more than 500 million without access?to electricity. Previously，?iPhone was the first choice ofAfrican buyers. However， they had?to go to town to charge the power -consuming phones?every two or three days， not to mention the?expensive price. Later， Tecno made its foray?into Africa， and soon found favor withAfrican buyers for its days -long standby time，?much cheaper price than iPhone， multi-SIMand multi-standby function and camera with whitening?function. Infrastructure connectivity is?the key to the Belt and Road Initiative. That’s why we are dedicated to the construction of the three?networks consisting of the expressway network， high- speed railway network， regional airline?network， and to the infrastructure?industrialization across Africa. By doing so，Africa has boarded the fast train of the Belt andRoad Initiative. Today， African people visit China no?longer for our aid but also for investment attraction. And it's not hard to see that Africa is?learning from China who has succeeded in?shaking off poverty through reform and opening- up. "No road， no economic growth.No expressway， no economic leap-forward.No network， no economic take - -off." Now， thisChinese jingle is all the rage in Africa. Africa，?a land of hope， is first in the line for China’s partners on the Belt and Road Initiative.

My third story， well then， happened inChina. Maybe it is stating the obvious， but?the ancient Silk Road did bring us tomato，?pomegranate and pepper. Now then， what changes?have today's Belt and Road brought to?us？ As we all know， air freight is expensive，?and the mass transport by sea takes?days. But， since the opening of?China Railway Express （CR?express）， things have changed，?and Chinese people have enjoyed?more convenience. Take Zhengzhou， one of CR?express's destinations 一to our surprise， the imported?beer from Germany and Belgium in?the supermarkets here is sold at a lower price than?in its countries of origin. That's becauseZhengzhou's supermarkets can purchase imported?beer directly from CR express's logistics?center at a wholesale price， while inEurope， you have to buy the beer at a retail price. In addition， today， you can find lots ofbars in Zhengzhou as funky as those in Beijing’s Houhai （best known for its nightlife with manyrestaurants， bars， and cafes）， and more foreigners living?and working here. Zhengzhou people are enjoying?more and more benefits brought by theInitiative. Therefore， the Belt and Road Initiative has?delivered benefits to people in both China and?other countries along the routes.

All makes the Belt and Road Initiative the world's?greatest endeavor to promote livelihood.With a focus on real economy， infrastructure and livelihood， the Belt and Road Initiative will offermore possibilities to developing countries along the?routes for "corner?overtaking"， thus providing a?beacon of hope for the world. This will not onlyshow the world how we China is recognized asa responsible country on the international stage，?but also present China lots of opportunities for economic?development. To serve the interests of?people in and beyond the B&R countries is the very?essence of the Belt and Road Initiative.