碎片化閱讀與深思考Fragmentary Reading and Thoughtful Thinking

林巍

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，信息的傳播越發(fā)便利，使得人們的閱讀出現(xiàn)了碎片化2的趨勢(shì)。隨時(shí)隨地，可見(jiàn)“低頭族”們通過(guò)手機(jī)、平板電腦、電子書(shū)等進(jìn)行著斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的刷屏。

長(zhǎng)篇大論，似乎不再受人青睞，而吸引眼球的是那些關(guān)鍵字眼和閃光警句。甚至源于紙媒的稿件，經(jīng)過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)編輯的“集納化”3處理，也達(dá)到了1+1≥2的效果，于是更加強(qiáng)化了大眾傳播中的碎片化寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格和閱讀習(xí)慣。

例如，某大學(xué)的網(wǎng)站，為報(bào)道一研究生在宿舍衛(wèi)生間用毛巾上吊自殺一事，提煉出了若干詞語(yǔ)：帶母上學(xué)、蝸居、畢業(yè)即失業(yè)、讀書(shū)無(wú)用、知識(shí)難改命運(yùn)、研究生自殺……構(gòu)成了事件經(jīng)過(guò)，而不求深度的讀者也便就此滿(mǎn)足。

碎片化閱讀為人們帶來(lái)了“俯拾即是”4的前所未有的便利，但也引起了專(zhuān)家、學(xué)者的憂(yōu)慮，因?yàn)樗淖兞宋覀兾幕l(fā)展的節(jié)奏，破壞了印刷文化的深度性、連續(xù)性和統(tǒng)一性。

然而，我以為，碎片化閱讀在本質(zhì)上是社會(huì)碎片化和多元化的體現(xiàn)，是傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)渡期的一種必然?；乜慈祟?lèi)的閱讀史，人們?cè)诩坠?、竹?jiǎn)、羊皮等媒介上閱讀數(shù)千年，知識(shí)傳遞和發(fā)明創(chuàng)造并未截?cái)唷ｊP(guān)鍵5在于閱讀者本身，而不在信息的載體。

其實(shí)，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的書(shū)刊也可做碎片式閱讀，而對(duì)于電子終端接收器上的信息亦可做連貫式處理;重要的是對(duì)內(nèi)容的把握。閱讀習(xí)慣是可以改變的，是為思維方式服務(wù)的。

正如語(yǔ)言課中有精讀和泛讀，“讀”與“思”完全可以在腦海里相互融合。所以，不應(yīng)把“碎片化”與“深思考”相對(duì)立，而應(yīng)在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型中學(xué)著逐漸將二者有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?□

With the advance of Internet technology， information is more easily available than ever before， thus fragmentary reading has become a phenomenon as well. Smartphone addicts can be seen busily “refreshing” their mobile phone， iPad or e-book screens whenever and wherever possible.

It seems that lengthy articles have gone out of favor with the general public， attention-grabbing phrases and glamorous aphorisms are instead catching people’s eyes. Even contributions for printed media are culled by web-editors to achieve the results of 1+1≥2， reinforcing both writing style and reading habits in mass communication.

In reporting the event of a postgraduate who hanged himself using towels in a campus dormitory， for example， a few key words are filtered on the university website， such as “bring Mom to university while studying”， “humble abode”， “unemployed following graduation”， “undesirable learning”， “fate has nothing to do with knowledge”， “a postgraduate’s suicide”… and readers are quite satisfied with the superficial media coverage.

Fragmentary reading， while providing unprecedented convenience for getting informative material， has also caused concern among experts and scholars， who believe that our cultural tempo as well as the profoundity， consistency and integrity of our print culture have all been jeopardized.

In my view， however， fragmentary reading is in fact a natural reflection of the diversification and plurality of our society which is undergoing a transitional period. Looking back at the history of man’s reading， for several thousand years people read from oracles， bamboo slips， sheepskins， which did not interrupt knowledge dispersal or the recording of inventions. Everything was and still is about the reader， not the medium.

In fact， traditional print materials may also be read fragmentarily while materials on electronic terminals can be perused consistently as well， centering on their contents. Reading habits form and vary following thinking patterns and serve these patterns.

Reading and thinking， whether they are fragmented or thoughtful， can actually be integrated harmoniously as a whole in our mind， in the same way that both intensive and extensive reading are combined in language learning lessons. Instead of being opposite， combinations of this kind， I think， have to be learned during the social transition.

1博士，杭州師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院翻譯研究所特聘教授。? 2“碎片化”（fragmentation）源于上世紀(jì)80年代“后現(xiàn)代主義”的有關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)，原意是指完整的東西破成諸多零塊，逐漸應(yīng)用于政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和傳播學(xué)等多個(gè)不同領(lǐng)域。在大眾傳播領(lǐng)域，該詞又常與“吸引眼球”“淺層閱讀”等相關(guān)聯(lián)，如eye-catching phrases、attention-grabbing phrases、shallow reading、scan the text等。這里將轉(zhuǎn)譯為fragmentary reading（碎片化閱讀）。? 3集納化，一般是collection、assortment等，但這里更多的是篩選之意，故用了cull，其原意為look for and gather，如：All this， needless to say， had been culled second-hand from radio reports.（不用說(shuō)，所有這些都是從電臺(tái)報(bào)道中篩選來(lái)的二手材料。）

4一般譯成can be found everywhere、be extremely common等，但這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是獲得信息的便利化（convenience）。? 5一般常譯成 key、crux、hinge、linchpin等，這里變通為介詞about，類(lèi)似的如：教育的關(guān)鍵其實(shí)并不在怎樣教，而是怎樣學(xué)。（Education is after all not about teaching， but about learning.）