Stronger waves resulted from ocean warming 海洋變暖引起海浪變大

張明波

預(yù)讀思考

1. Whats the significance of the latest study mentioned in the passage？

2. What are the functions of the prefix “under-” and the suffix “-al”？

The ocean waves are getting stronger as a result of climate change， which might pose dangers for coastal communities in the future， according to a latest study published in the scientific magazine Nature. Researchers found that waves have increased in strength by 0.41 percent per year since 1948， and this change is correlated with the increasing sea-surface temperatures. That is driving sea level rise， as oceans warm and expand， and bringing more intense hurricanes and other extreme weather， scientists warn.

“This relationship is important， as it shows that global wave power can be a potentially valuable indicator of global warming， similar to carbon dioxide concentration， the global sea level rise， or the global surface atmospheric temperature，” said director of research at the Environmental Hydraulics Institute at Spain's University of Cantabria， and co-author of the new study， Inigo J. Losada.

While the study reveals a long-term trend of increasing wave energy， the effects of this increase are particularly apparent during the most energetic storm seasons， as occurred during the winter of 2013-2014 in the North Atlantic， which affected the west coast of Europe， or the devastating 2017 hurricane season in the Caribbean， which offered a harsh reminder of the destructive power and economic impacts of coastal storms， said the study.

Researchers hope the findings could provide a more complete understanding of the dangers faced by coastal communities in the coming decades. “Our results indicate that risk analysis neglecting the changes in wave power and having sea level rise as the only driver may underestimate the consequences of climate change and result in not enough or poor adapt-ation，” said co-author Fernando J. Mendez， associate professor at the University of Cantabria.

The findings may alert governments to better protect populations and infrastructure such as ports and harbors by building coastal defenses.

—From UC Santa Cruz

閱讀自測(cè)

1. Whats the result of stronger waves？

A. Climate begins to change.

B. People living near the coast face danger.

C. Oceans are being polluted.

D. Sea-surface temperatures are increasing.

2. Which of the following best explains “reveals” underlined in paragraph 3？

A. Affects. B. Denies.

C. Doubts. D. Shows.

3. What should governments do according to the study？

A. Warn local people of some dangers.

B. Build relevant coastal defenses.

C. Limit the number of people visiting the seashore.

D. Improve the natural environment near the seashore.

文本探究

探究視角1：語(yǔ)篇分析

海平面上升使沿海地區(qū)處于氣候變化影響的最前沿，但新的研究表明，它們也面臨其他與氣候有關(guān)的威脅。發(fā)表在《自然通訊》（Nature Communications）上的一項(xiàng)研究表明：海浪的能量在全球范圍內(nèi)一直在增長(zhǎng)，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋變暖和海浪能量的增加之間存在直接聯(lián)系。許多長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)和預(yù)測(cè)都帶有氣候變化的特征，包括海平面上升、全球氣溫上升和海冰減少。迄今為止，對(duì)全球海洋氣候的分析已經(jīng)確定，在兩個(gè)半球高緯度的海洋局部地區(qū)，風(fēng)速和浪高有所增加。在某些情況下（如冬季海浪），這種增加比在平均情況下更大。這對(duì)于人類來(lái)說(shuō)不是一件好事，因此我們必須高度重視這一問(wèn)題，并且采取行之有效的措施。

本文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

探究視角2：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)

I. 文本填空

1. The ocean waves are getting stronger? ?___________? （由于）? climate change， which might pose dangers for coastal communities in the future， according to a latest study?___________ ? （publish）? in the scientific magazine Nature.

2. Researchers found that waves have increased in strength? ___________? 0.41 percent per year since 1948， and this change is correlated with the?___________? （increase）? sea'surface temperatures.

3. This relationship is important， as it shows that global wave power can be a?___________? ?（potential） valuable indicator of global warming， similar?___________? carbon dioxide concentration， the global sea level rise， or the global surface atmospheric temperature.

4. Our results indicate that risk analysis? ___________ ? （neglect） the changes in wave power and having sea level rise as? ___________ only driver may underestimate the consequences of climate change.

5. The?___________? （find） may alert governments to better protect populations and infrastructure such as ports and harbors by building coastal defenses.

II. 熟詞構(gòu)新

III. 寫(xiě)作推薦

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

Researchers hope the findings could provide a more complete understanding of the dangers faced by coastal communities in the coming decades. 研究人員希望，這些研究結(jié)果能讓沿海地區(qū)在接下來(lái)幾十年里更徹底地理解所面臨的危險(xiǎn)。

句中的過(guò)去分詞faced作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞dangers。

【仿寫(xiě)】這學(xué)校使用的系統(tǒng)很成功。

_________________________________________________________

探究視角3：文化拓展

世界海洋日

聯(lián)合國(guó)于第63屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上將每年的6月8日確定為“世界海洋日”（World Oceans Day）。聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)潘基文就此發(fā)表致辭時(shí)指出，人類活動(dòng)正在使海洋世界付出可怕的代價(jià)，個(gè)人和團(tuán)體都有義務(wù)保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境，認(rèn)真管理海洋資源。

2009年聯(lián)合國(guó)將首個(gè)世界海洋日的主題確定為“我們的海洋，我們的責(zé)任”。“世界海洋日”的確立，為國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)海洋挑戰(zhàn)搭建了平臺(tái)，也為在中國(guó)進(jìn)一步宣傳海洋的重要性、提高公眾海洋意識(shí)提供了新的機(jī)會(huì)。2019年世界海洋日的主題是“珍惜海洋資源，保護(hù)海洋生物多樣性”。