張犇
【摘要】目的:探究替格瑞洛片聯(lián)合阿司匹林治療顱內(nèi)大動(dòng)脈狹窄合并腦小血管病的臨床效果。方法:選取本院2017年8月至2018年8月本院收治的160例大血管狹窄合并腦小血管疾病患者作為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組, 對(duì)照組患者采用阿司匹林治療, 實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者采用替格瑞洛片聯(lián)合阿司匹林治療,評(píng)估兩組患者改良Rankin評(píng)分量表(mRS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、美國國立衛(wèi)生院NIHSS評(píng)分、新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者mRS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者mRS評(píng)分逐漸降低;患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者ADL評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者ADL評(píng)分逐漸升高;患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者NIHSS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者NIHSS評(píng)分逐漸降低;對(duì)照組患者發(fā)生TIA、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血例數(shù)分別為7(8.75%),5(6.25%),4(5%); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者發(fā)生TIA、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血例數(shù)分別為4(5%),2(2.5%),1(1.25%)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者1年內(nèi)新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組。結(jié)論:在顱內(nèi)大動(dòng)脈狹窄合并小血管病患者接受阿司匹林和替格瑞洛聯(lián)用方案,可有效促進(jìn)患者神經(jīng)功能的恢復(fù),提高患者生活質(zhì)量,降低患者新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】阿司匹林;替格瑞洛;顱內(nèi)大動(dòng)脈狹窄合并小血管病;臨床效果
【中圖分類號(hào)】R743???? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A???? 【文章編號(hào)】1004-7484(2019)10-0043-02
Clinical study of ticagrelor tablets combined with aspirin tablets in the treatment of intracranial aortic stenosis with small vessel disease
【Abstract】 Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of ticagrelor combined with aspirin in the treatment of intracranial aortic stenosis with cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: A total of 160 patients with macrovascular stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease admitted to our hospital from August 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into the control group and the experimental group by random number table method. Aspirin treatment, patients in the experimental group were treated with ticagrelor tablets combined with aspirin, and the modified Rankin Rating Scale (mRS), Daily Living Capacity Scale (ADL), National Institutes of Health NIHSS score, and new vascular events were evaluated in both groups. Happening. Results:After 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment, the mRS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and with the prolonged time after treatment, the mRS scores of the two groups gradually decreased; after the patients received treatment After 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months, the ADL score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and with the prolongation of treatment, the ADL scores of the two groups gradually increased; 1 month and 6 after the patients received treatment. After 1 month and 12 months, the NIHSS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and with the prolongation of treatment, the NIHSS scores of the two groups gradually decreased. The number of TIA, recurrent cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage occurred in the control group. They were 7 (8.75%), 5 (6.25%), and 4 (5%). The number of TIA, recurrent cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage in the experimental group were 4 (5%), 2 (2.5%), respectively. (1.25%). The incidence of new vascular events in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group within 1 year. Conclusion: The combination of aspirin and ticagrelor in patients with intracranial aortic stenosis and small vessel disease can effectively promote the recovery of neurological function, improve the quality of life of patients, and reduce the incidence of new vascular events.
【Key words】aspirin; ticagrelor; intracranial aortic stenosis with small vessel disease; clinical effect
腦小血管疾病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)是一種腦組織在受到機(jī)械性損傷或病理感染等多因素作用下所致腦部微循環(huán)障礙,能夠?qū)е屡R床、影像學(xué)、病理表現(xiàn)和認(rèn)知發(fā)生改變[1, 2]。腦小血管疾病屬于顱內(nèi)支動(dòng)脈病變,是腦血管病的重要組成部分,與年齡和血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素密切相關(guān)。腦小血管疾病起病隱匿,發(fā)展緩慢,且癥狀不典型[3, 4]。因此,常被臨床忽視,但在疾病后期可出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知功能障礙等,嚴(yán)重影響患者健康和生活質(zhì)量??寡“寰奂悄壳爸委熌X小血管疾病的主要手段,目前臨床認(rèn)為阿司匹林治療腦小血管疾病具有較好的療效[5, 6]。但患者長期服用阿司匹林容易產(chǎn)生低反應(yīng)性,且單獨(dú)服用效果不佳、腦出血發(fā)生率高、安全性低[7, 8]。近年來,越來越多的研究關(guān)注替格瑞洛的抗血小板方面的作用[9]。替格瑞洛是一種新型的抗血小板藥物,能有效抑制血小板聚集、抗凝血,改善心肌缺血缺氧癥狀,能夠有效降低心血管事件的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[10]。因替格瑞洛具有效較快、不經(jīng)肝代謝等特點(diǎn),可與阿司匹林聯(lián)合應(yīng)用治療心腦血管疾病。
本研究選取本院2017年8月至2018年8月本院收治的160例大血管狹窄合并腦小血管疾病患者作為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組, 對(duì)照組患者采用阿司匹林治療, 實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者采用替格瑞洛片聯(lián)合阿司匹林治療,目的在于探究替格瑞洛片聯(lián)合阿司匹林治療顱內(nèi)大動(dòng)脈狹窄合并腦小血管病的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 一般資料:選取本院2017年8月至2018年8月本院收治的160例大血管狹窄合并腦小血管疾病患者作為研究對(duì)象,其中男性78例,女性82例,年齡范圍為50至75歲,平均年齡為(62.93±12.73)歲。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 經(jīng)核磁共振(magnatic resonance imaging,MRI)、電子計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描(computerized?tomography,CT)或腦血管成像顯示大動(dòng)脈狹窄大于50%,且腔隙定義為直徑2至20 mm位于灰質(zhì)、白質(zhì)、腦干或小腦的病灶,且腦小血管疾病定義為Fazekas評(píng)分≥2和(或)腔隙數(shù)目≥3。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)近期服用替格瑞洛片和(或)阿司匹林或其他類似藥物;(2)顱內(nèi)出血、高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病、腫瘤以及免疫系統(tǒng)疾病;(3)嚴(yán)重凝血功能障礙、胃腸道出血或其他胃腸道系統(tǒng)疾病;(4)嚴(yán)重的肝腎功能障礙;(5)存在替格瑞洛片和(或)阿司匹林禁忌癥;(6)嚴(yán)重的意識(shí)障礙或精神疾病。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者均自愿參與本課題并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 藥物:阿司匹林(山東新華制藥股份有限公司,中國),規(guī)格為每片0.3 g;替格瑞洛(阿斯利康公司,英國),規(guī)格為每片0.09 g,氯吡格雷(深圳信立泰公司,中國),規(guī)格為每片25 mg。
1.3 治療方法:所有患者入院后接受常規(guī)治療,如控制血壓、血糖,監(jiān)測(cè)生命體征,并給予保護(hù)神經(jīng)功能或改善循環(huán)藥物以及對(duì)癥治療,及加強(qiáng)吸氧和營養(yǎng)支持等。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組,每組各80例,年齡、性別、既往史、吸煙史等基本資料無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,可以進(jìn)行后續(xù)研究。對(duì)照組患者服用阿司匹林,首日負(fù)荷劑量為300 mg,隨后服用75 mg/天的阿司匹林,2周后停用,此外服用75 mg/天的氯吡格雷作為安慰劑;實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者服用相同劑量的阿司匹林,且服用90 mg/天的替格瑞洛,2周后停用。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo):患者住院期間研究人員通過微信、電話、門診等方式詳細(xì)記錄患者的病情、用藥情況,并通過微信、電話等方式統(tǒng)計(jì)12個(gè)月內(nèi)不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生情況,制定相關(guān)評(píng)估量表:(1)改良Rankin評(píng)分量表(mRS):0分至2分,分值越低越好;(2)日常生活能力量表(ADL);(3)美國國立衛(wèi)生院NIHSS評(píng)分:估患者神經(jīng)功能缺損情況,0分至40分,評(píng)分越低越好;(4)新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生情況:主要包括短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作(transient?ischemic?attack,TIA)、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血等疾病的發(fā)生率。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:所有計(jì)量資料均表示為mean±S.E.M,采用t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。P<0.05認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者mRS評(píng)分比較:治療前,兩組患者mRS平分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者mRS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者mRS評(píng)分逐漸降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表1。
2.2 兩組患者ADL評(píng)分比較:治療前,兩組患者ADL平分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?;颊呓邮苤委熀?個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者ADL評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者ADL評(píng)分逐漸升高,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表2。
2.3 兩組患者NIHSS評(píng)分比較:治療前,兩組患者NIHSS平分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?;颊呓邮苤委熀?個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者NIHSS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者NIHSS評(píng)分逐漸降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表3。
2.4 兩組患者新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生率比較:對(duì)照組患者發(fā)生TIA、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血例數(shù)分別為7(8.75%),5(6.25%),4(5%); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者發(fā)生TIA、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血例數(shù)分別為4(5%),2(2.5%),1(1.25%)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者1年內(nèi)新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表4。
3 結(jié)論
近年來,腦小血管疾病患病率在我國逐年上升,這一現(xiàn)象引起專家和學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注[11]。腦小血管病變是指直徑在200 μm以下的血管發(fā)生的管壁改變,可導(dǎo)致一系列腦結(jié)構(gòu)改變,可累及腦小動(dòng)脈、毛細(xì)血管、小靜脈系統(tǒng),并造成相應(yīng)病理、影像學(xué)及腦功能改變[12]。該病主要臨床表現(xiàn)為血管性認(rèn)知障礙等,發(fā)病隱匿,癥狀不典型,因此,該病常常被忽視[13, 14]。隨著疾病進(jìn)展,可逐漸表現(xiàn)為認(rèn)知功能障礙、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能和步態(tài)障礙等,嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量和健康[15]。
本研究結(jié)果表明,患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者mRS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者mRS評(píng)分逐漸降低;患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者ADL評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者ADL評(píng)分逐漸升高;患者接受治療后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月、12個(gè)月后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者NIHSS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,且隨著治療后時(shí)間延長,兩組患者NIHSS評(píng)分逐漸降低;對(duì)照組患者發(fā)生TIA、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血例數(shù)分別為7(8.75%),5(6.25%),4(5%); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者發(fā)生TIA、再發(fā)腦梗死、腦出血例數(shù)分別為4(5%),2(2.5%),1(1.25%)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者1年內(nèi)新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組。綜上所述,顱內(nèi)大動(dòng)脈狹窄合并小血管病患者接受阿司匹林和替格瑞洛聯(lián)用方案,可有效促進(jìn)患者神經(jīng)功能的恢復(fù),提高患者生活質(zhì)量,降低患者新發(fā)血管事件發(fā)生率,本研究為阿司匹林和替格瑞洛聯(lián)用治療顱內(nèi)大動(dòng)脈狹窄合并小血管病提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
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