New York City embraces road pricing

重慶遠(yuǎn)恒佳公學(xué) 黃忠雪

城市交通擁堵問題日益嚴(yán)重，尤其是市中心更是堵得水泄不通。紐約是全球目前交通最擁堵的大都市。在今年4月1日，立法者們一致同意實(shí)施擁堵收費(fèi)。紐約將成為美國第一個(gè)實(shí)施擁堵收費(fèi)的城市。問題是如何確保這一措施有效并順利地實(shí)施呢？

題材 城市生活 體裁 說明文文章詞數(shù)303 難度 ★★★ 建議用時(shí)6′

難 詞 掃 障

1.congestion n.擁塞；塞車

2.implement v.貫徹；執(zhí)行

3.legislature floor 立法會(huì)議廳

4.at the wheel 指揮；掌舵

5.ride shotgun 保駕護(hù)航

6.exempt adj.免除；獲豁免

7.bode ill 預(yù)示兇兆

8.on-demand car hire 按需租車

9.think-tank n.（尤指政府的）智囊團(tuán)

New York's congestion is among the worst in the world.Crossing midtown by car is souldestroying.In 2016 the average speed was 4.7 miles per hour，not much quicker than quick walk.But relief is in sight.On April 1st，state lawmakers agreed to implement congestionpricing，making New York the first big American city to do so.By 2021 vehicles will have to pay to enter Manhattan south of 60th street．

Similar proposals were put forward many times but were always rejected.The Regional Plan Association proposed road pricing in 1996.Michael Bloomberg's 2007 plan was not even debated on the state legislature floor. This time，with Andrew Cuomo，the state governor，at the wheel and Bill de Blasio，New York's mayor，riding shotgun，it looks as if this time is different．

Much of the detail，including how much drivers will have to pay，how they will pay and how often they will pay，have yet to be decided.New Yorkers living in the fee zone who make less than$60，000 a year will be exempt.Other drivers，including motorcyclists，the city's civil servants，disabled drivers，the trucking industry，New Jersey's governor and commuters，all want discounts， credits or exemptions， too，which bode ill．

If done right，congestion-pricing could be expanded beyond Manhattan. New York can learn from other cities.Singapore，for instance，which has had pricing for decades， adjusts prices regularly.It can also learn from mistakes.London，which carried out its pricing in 2003，strangely is only starting to charge on-demand car hire like Uber. Stockholm exempted too many vehicles， which caused a drop in fee revenue.

Other car-clogged cities considering tolls，including Los Angeles，Philadelphia，Portland，San Francisco and Seattle，are watching New York. “We really have to be a good example，”says Nicle Gelinas of the Manhattan Institute，a New York think-tank．

Reading Check

In which city does the congestion charge work well？

A.London. B.Los Angeles. C.Stockholm. D.Singapore.

Language Study

Ⅰ.Important vocabulary in the text

1.soul-destroying adj.非?？菰锏模幌ゾ竦?/p>

2.in sight 看得見；有望實(shí)現(xiàn)

3.proposal n.提議；建議

4.adjust v.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)

5.regularly adv.有規(guī)律地

6.revenue n.財(cái)政收入；稅收收入

7.toll n.（道路、橋梁的）通行費(fèi)

Ⅱ.Complete the following sentences in correct forms with the vocabulary given above．

3.Singapore has succeeded in carrying out congestion-pricing for decades because itprices regularly．

4.If the law about implementing congestion-pricing has been passed，then the relief is