陳海明
摘 要:詞匯教學(xué)是新課標(biāo)教學(xué)中的重點內(nèi)容。教師普遍比較重視,正積極探討如何進行有效的詞匯教學(xué),學(xué)生,尤其是農(nóng)村學(xué)生也意識到掌握詞匯的必要性。但傳統(tǒng)的詞匯記憶方法比較枯燥,學(xué)生很難堅持。筆者根據(jù)教學(xué)實踐,例舉了幾個積累詞匯的方法。
關(guān)鍵詞:詞匯教學(xué);積累詞匯
一、現(xiàn)狀
美國著名作家和教育家L.Ron Hubbar 先生的教育學(xué)理論認為,影響理解和應(yīng)用的最重要因素是詞匯。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(八級)也明確規(guī)定了對于詞匯量的要求為:學(xué)好使用3000個單詞和400—500個習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配。九級對于詞匯量的要求更高:學(xué)好使用4500個左右的單詞和一定數(shù)量的習(xí)慣用語和固定搭配。目前,雖然英語考試越來越重視閱讀理解,但教師已經(jīng)意識到詞匯在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的重要性,在教學(xué)實踐中越來越重視詞匯教學(xué)和學(xué)生的詞匯習(xí)得。學(xué)生也認識到了這一點,明白要學(xué)好英語,就不能逃避在英語詞匯的浩翰大海中游泳,而且要熟練掌握這種游泳的本領(lǐng),比以往更加注重詞匯的掌握和積累。然而,詞匯的積累并非一朝一夕的事,學(xué)生普遍覺得比較難,詞匯量掌握情況相當(dāng)不樂觀,尤其是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)生。原因如下:
1.要準(zhǔn)確高效地記憶詞匯,讀音準(zhǔn)確是個不錯的方法。但是,絕大多數(shù)來自農(nóng)村的學(xué)生普遍沒有完全掌握英語國際音標(biāo)表中的字母讀音,更別提連讀、弱讀、重音等朗讀技巧了。
2.記憶詞匯要求有較高的復(fù)現(xiàn)率才能較好的掌握,這就要求學(xué)生嚴(yán)格遵守艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線的規(guī)律,科學(xué)安排記憶的詞匯量和詞匯時間,盡量多的復(fù)習(xí)和記憶詞匯。
二、我的教學(xué)實踐
閱讀札記
不帶任務(wù)性的閱讀會讓學(xué)生覺得課外閱讀只需“瀏覽”、“看些好玩的”即可,不可能收到很好的閱讀效果;而任務(wù)太重,學(xué)生又會對閱讀失去興趣。于是,筆者細化了要求,要求學(xué)生做閱讀札記。閱讀札記的基本格式如下:
①Main idea(30wrods)②New words ③Beartiful words and expression(should be translated into Chinese)④Afterthought(more than 50 words)
下面是一篇來自筆者教學(xué)班的學(xué)生札記習(xí)作,供大家參考。
【學(xué)生札記】
The Medal of Life
Main idea:The talk between the writer and a special boy named matthew tells us that we should never give up when we are in trouble.
New words and expression:
muscular dystrophy 肌肉萎縮癥 obstacle n.障礙;絆腳石
obviously adv.顯而易見地 briefcase n.公事包
Beautiful expressions:
1.An illness had kept the boy home,but he had expressed an interest in meeting me,and it would mean a great deal to him.
2.When we finished talking,I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck.I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would.He looked at it for a moment,then took it off and handed it back to me.He said,“You are a chumpion.You earned that medal.Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal,I will show it to you.” I was moved by his words.
Afterthought:
Life is a mixture of good times and bad times,happy moments and unhappy moments.So everyone may get into troubles,and dont know how to do them.They make me think about how to overcome obstacles.Maybe some people will say that we should keep a positive attitude,and then work hard to be out of trouble.But there are few people can do it expect teenagers.For example,we can easily lose heart when we get bad grades,so how to deal with the troubles? We cant know the true answer until we truly meet the big problem.
三、結(jié)束語
英語學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是個愉快的過程,作為教師的我們,任務(wù)就更加艱巨,需要花更多的心思和精力去研究如何讓學(xué)生快樂的學(xué)習(xí),更加輕松的掌握詞匯,把英語掌握的如我們的母語!
參考文獻:
[1] 彭詳英.認識背誦作用,優(yōu)化背誦策略[J].中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究,2011(6):22-27.
[2] 《普通高中英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》—中華人民共和國教育部制訂 人民教育出版社
(作者單位:浙江省平陽中學(xué))