詩畫浙江現(xiàn)身北京世園會(huì)

施雯?謝力

“山寺月中尋桂子，郡亭枕上看潮頭?！惫磐駚?，浙江的山水景色屢屢出現(xiàn)在文人騷客的詩詞篇章之中。林木蔥郁、蘭蕙飄香，這般靈動(dòng)溫婉的詩畫浙江，如今能在一個(gè)地方看個(gè)夠了。

中國北京世界園藝博覽會(huì)（簡稱北京世園會(huì)）4月29日在北京市延慶區(qū)開幕，將持續(xù)至10月7日。其中，歷時(shí)近10個(gè)月建造的浙江園，以“浙人家”為題，展現(xiàn)了一幅看得見山、望得見水、記得住鄉(xiāng)愁的美好畫卷。

有山有水有人家，園區(qū)充滿浙江元素

2019年北京世園會(huì)是繼1999年昆明世園會(huì)、2010年上海世博會(huì)和2018年上海國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)之后，我國舉辦的級(jí)別最高、規(guī)模最大的國際性博覽會(huì)。

園區(qū)總面積960公頃，分為核心景觀區(qū)、世界園藝展示區(qū)、中華園藝展示區(qū)、生活園藝展示區(qū)、自然生態(tài)展示區(qū)以及教育與未來展示區(qū)。目前，該展會(huì)已有110個(gè)國家、國際組織和我國31個(gè)省區(qū)市、港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)等參展，是歷屆參展國家和國際組織最多的一屆世園會(huì)。

浙江園總面積4200平方米，建造歷時(shí)近10個(gè)月，僅次于北京園、河北園，地處核心位置。西入口處有一枚石雕印章“浙江園”，這是提煉石鼓篆書第一人、西泠印社首任社長吳昌碩先生的書法作品打造而成。

“這山這水浙如畫，這鄉(xiāng)這愁浙人家”。這是園林設(shè)計(jì)師盧山最初的設(shè)計(jì)理念，而這個(gè)想法的靈感來源于一幅國寶級(jí)名畫——《富春山居圖》。

作為中國十大傳世名畫之一的《富春山居圖》，是元代畫家黃公望創(chuàng)作的紙本水墨畫。他細(xì)致地描繪了富春江兩岸的山水景色，恰巧定格了這片山水在后人心中的容顏。

浙江園主入口便是一組《富春山居圖》的照壁。搭配這組照壁的，是一幅浙江版圖的地刻。這里盤踞著錢塘江、甌江、椒江、甬江、苕溪、大運(yùn)河、飛云江、鰲江八條長龍，坐落著杭州西湖、紹興東湖、嘉興南湖、寧波東錢湖四大名湖和全省最大人工湖泊千島湖，寓意浙江物華天寶;這里還貫穿著各大山脈，天目山、會(huì)稽山、天臺(tái)山、大盤山、雁蕩山等，秀山美景入畫入心。

“浙人家”開門迎客，秋天迎來桂花飄香

浙江園總設(shè)計(jì)師盧山及其團(tuán)隊(duì)為游客們設(shè)計(jì)了兩條游覽線——

一條從入口進(jìn)來之后向山上走，體驗(yàn)登高望遠(yuǎn)，感受山林景觀的游覽過程。

一條從庭院路線走，感受行走江浙家宅的體驗(yàn)。院落建筑以浙派民居為原型，在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，盧山選取了明清時(shí)期的建筑形態(tài)，粉墻黛瓦。庭院巧用茶田、竹林、石斛墻、古井等景觀元素，意圖打造兼具地域氣質(zhì)與時(shí)代氣息的美好生活情境。院落的一層由茶藝展示區(qū)、會(huì)客區(qū)、書房等組成，游客可以在此品茶、書法、閑談、小憩，以及欣賞曲藝表演。

值得一提的是，民居內(nèi)的會(huì)客廳里，擺放著一套中式沙發(fā)，看來像木頭的材質(zhì)，其實(shí)是竹子做的，這種材料叫重竹。省林業(yè)局工作人員說，港珠澳大橋的海上觀景平臺(tái)，采用的就是浙江制造的重竹地板。

除了別具匠心的園林造景設(shè)計(jì)，浙江園內(nèi)還有600余種植物。這些植物從浙江本地運(yùn)送到北京，大多是浙江特色的品種。比如，浙江本土植物南方紅豆杉、普陀鵝耳櫪、天目鐵木、安息香、銀縷梅等國家一級(jí)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)植物，具有“活化石”之稱的金錢松、銀杏、秤錘樹等國家二級(jí)保護(hù)樹種。

作為浙江杭州、衢州、臺(tái)州的市花，桂花這次也盡展魅力。浙江園選用了硬葉丹桂、玉玲瓏、天香臺(tái)閣、橙紅丹桂、波葉金桂、天女散花、偃虹桂、杭州黃、晚銀桂等一批具有觀賞價(jià)值高或具有浙江自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的桂花品種。

估計(jì)在8月底9月初，也就是桂花的最佳觀賞期，浙江園將滿是馥郁清甜的桂香。

四時(shí)花卉輪番亮相，指尖技藝致敬傳統(tǒng)

三月間，桃花春水，煙柳畫橋，中國水墨畫的氣息撲面而來;盛夏，舟山群島百花盛開，有花團(tuán)錦簇的繡球，藤藤蔓蔓的鐵線蓮和大串的紫藤;秋日里的富春江層林盡染，“霜葉紅于二月花”的紅楓、紅彤彤的南天竹、色彩絢爛的桂花，勾勒如詩畫卷;冬天，“天目第一峰”龍王山白雪皚皚，紅彤彤的美國冬青，大朵的茶花，在白雪映襯下分外妖嬈。

這富有詩意的四季美景都在浙江館內(nèi)館里一一上演。

內(nèi)館展示了浙江400件名、特、優(yōu)花卉園藝產(chǎn)品，包括盆栽（盆花、觀葉植物、組合盆栽）、盆景、藝術(shù)插花、鮮切花、干花等。其中，有獨(dú)具特色的浙派盆景、浙派插花，稀有的蘭花品種，林下特色藥用植物鐵皮石斛，以及一批擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的蝴蝶蘭、兜蘭、南天竹、杜鵑、睡蓮、荷花等園藝品種。

而浙江博物館館藏文物、浙江河姆渡文化遺址出土的“五葉紋陶塊”，也以復(fù)制品的形式來到浙江館——在這一長方形框上，刻有五葉紋栽培植物，五片葉子刻劃粗壯，生意盎然，姿態(tài)生動(dòng)。這種五葉形紋飾，在新石器時(shí)代的裝飾中，極為罕見。以此可以窺見，遠(yuǎn)在六七千年前，浙江先民已開始盆栽植物，這也是人類植物栽培、園林藝術(shù)起源的最直接印證。

一方水土養(yǎng)育一方人。浙江山水給浙江人民留下了富庶的生活印記，也留下了不朽的文化。端午期間，不少江浙流域神奇的指尖技藝也將紛紛亮相北京世園會(huì)，揭開傳承千年的秘密。除了好看好玩的，還有各種好吃的——

6月6日，有甌樂、茶舞、太極等文藝演出及非遺展演;

6月7日，浙江園將舉辦包括絲綢（含綾絹）、湖筆、竹編等在內(nèi)的湖州地方特色非遺展示等;

6月8日，世園會(huì)草坪劇場有《牡丹亭韻》《劍魂瓷韻》等的全天滾動(dòng)表演，還有龍泉青瓷拉肧、畬族彩帶編織、遂昌長粽制作等。

（本文圖片攝影：董旭明）

Zhejiang Presents Horticultural Beauty and Wisdom in Expo 2019

By Shi Wen， Xie Li

Expo 2019 Beijing， a world horticultural exposition presented by the Bureau International des Expositions， gives Zhejiang a rare opportunity to feature the provinces horticultural beauty， wisdom， culture and history to the world.

Zhejiang is widely known as a flora treasure house of China. The earliest floral cultivation can be traced to the Hemudu Culture of 7，000 years ago， as testified by a pottery piece unearthed at an archaeological site in eastern Zhejiang. The known history of orchid cultivation goes back to the present-day Shaoxing more than 2，000 years ago in the Spring & Autumn Period. In the Southern Song Dynasty （1127-1279）， there were floral farmers and floral markets in Zhejiang. The dynasty also saw the publishing of some academic books on flower planting and cultivation. Today， the province leads China in having 16 certified forest cities and is one of Chinas biggest producers of flowers and seedlings.

No wonder Zhejiang Garden is the third largest garden on the 960-hectare site of Expo 2019 Beijing， after Beijing Garden and Hebei Garden. The 4，200-square-meter Zhejiang Garden is located in the core area of the site. At the west entrance to Zhejiang Garden stands a stone seal bearing Zhejiang Garden in three Chinese characters. The three characters are engraved in the calligraphic style of Wu Changshuo （1844-1927）， the first director of Xiling Seal Art Society and prominent artist of painting and calligraphy of the early 20th-century China.

The screen wall at the main entrance to Zhejiang Garden presents a part of ， an ink painting created by Huang Gongwang， a master artist of the Yuan Dynasty （1279-1368）. Into the entrance is a huge relief map of Zhejiang engraved on the ground， showing major geographic characteristics and tourism attractions such as rivers， lakes， and mountain ranges.

Tourists can take two separate routes to look around Zhejiang Garden. The first route is about landscape. One can follow steps to the top of a small hill and take a commanding view of trees and flowers around. Another route goes through a magnificent building in the traditional architectural style seen in the Ming and the Qing dynasties in Zhejiang. This building is surrounded by tea groves and bamboos. Visitors can sit inside to enjoy a cup of tea， watch entertainment shows， and see calligraphers demonstrate their penmanship.

It is worth mentioning that there is a set of bamboo sofa in the living room. The bamboo used to make the sofa is known as heavy bamboo. Only five-year-old bamboo can be used for making furniture. The heavy-bamboo floorboards made in Zhejiang can be found in the viewing platforms of the 55-kilometer-long Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. The processed five-year-old bamboo feels and looks like wood and is strong enough to stand the corrosive tear and wear of the sea climate in the south. Nowadays， bamboo furniture making in Anji purchase raw bamboos from farmers within Zhejiang and from neighboring Jiangxi and Fujian. The industry benefits 100，000 bamboo farmers in the three provinces.

In addition to the landscape and garden design， Zhejiang Garden boasts over 600 species of plants from across the province. Shipped from Zhejiang to Beijing， these species include some rare and precious ones inscribed on a list of trees under national protection. Nine species of sweet chrysanthemum， the city tree of Hangzhou， Quzhou and Taizhou respectively， play a prominent part in Zhejiang Garden. It is expected to see all of them bloom in late August or early September.

Inside the main house of Zhejiang Garden is a floral exhibition featuring 400 potted flowers， ornamental plants such as cut flowers and flower arrangement. The exhibition showcases the authentic Zhejiang style in everything done to make flowers and plants look wonderful and life beautiful. The centerpiece of the floral exhibition is a replica of the unearthed pottery piece showing a potted plant with five leaves. The original piece， a fragmentary piece excavated in 1977 at a site of the Hemudu Culture， measures 19.5 cm in height， 18 cm in width and 5.7 in thickness. This precious pottery shard directly evidences the origin of plant cultivation and gardening of human civilization.

Zhejiang Garden is more than a showpiece of trees and flowers and architectural style. It runs a schedule of shows and demonstrations throughout the six months of 2019 Expo Beijing. Around Duanwu Festival in June alone， there will be entertainment shows. Craftspeople will present objects made with techniques and skills identified as intangible cultural heritages. Moreover， they will also demonstrate the skills and techniques which they learned from old-generation masters and which they are determined to carry on to future.