抓住三類詞，搞定七選五

許樹(shù)新

七選五閱讀重點(diǎn)考查考生正確判斷句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系的能力，難度較大。從2017年廣東高考年報(bào)的數(shù)據(jù)看，2017年的七選五閱讀的難度相對(duì)較大，其中36題，難度系數(shù)0.33，低于當(dāng)年選擇題的難度系數(shù)0.51。有的考生做七選五時(shí)感到比較吃力，甚至找不到做題的方向。究其原因，是沒(méi)有把握七選五的命題特點(diǎn)，也沒(méi)有掌握七選五的做題技巧。

每一篇文章的語(yǔ)篇邏輯主要是靠話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記即具體的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)銜接的，我們只要抓住語(yǔ)篇中的這些話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記，就能掌握解開(kāi)這類題型的鑰匙。在筆者看來(lái)，這樣的話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記主要有三類詞。

一、代詞

代詞是語(yǔ)篇銜接中最直觀的話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記，每一個(gè)代詞總是有所指代的，而且代詞還涉及人稱和數(shù)的問(wèn)題，這些都能夠成為解題的關(guān)鍵線索之一。主要是人稱代詞（例如it，he，she，they）、指示代詞（this，that，these，those）和不定代詞（例如some，other，another）。

近三年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ卷中出現(xiàn)的代詞有：they，them，you，the ones，it，another，I，me，one等。

[2018年真題] Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.? ? ? 37? ? ?， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home： the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones.

答案：A. While all of them are useful

分析：做題時(shí)應(yīng)該找出A選項(xiàng)中的them以及37題逗號(hào)后面的they，對(duì)比第一句中的different techniques，他們之間存在指代關(guān)系，指代內(nèi)容一致。

[2018年真題]Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofa， dinner tables or bookshelves.? ? ? 39? ? ?. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones， and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

答案：G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

分析：做題時(shí)應(yīng)該找出G選項(xiàng)中的color choices in this range，題號(hào)39前句中的medium color choices以及題號(hào)39后句中的they。in this range指代的是前文的medium color choices，they指代的選項(xiàng)中的color choices in this range。

[2017年真題]The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.? ? ?37? ? ? We sleep in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.

答案：C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.

分析：做題時(shí)先找出選項(xiàng)C中的代詞they，me和one。they 指代前文的the friends，me和前文的me一致。后文的We指代 the friends and me。

二、銜接詞

這里的銜接詞是指表示語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的副詞或者連詞，如however，therefore，though等。它們是選出正確答案的重要線索之一。一般而言，這些語(yǔ)篇銜接詞往往表示以下邏輯關(guān)系，例如并列、選擇、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步和時(shí)間等。

近三年高考題中出現(xiàn)的銜接詞有：or， but， and， whether，while， whatever， if， so， nevertheless， instead， since， recently，even， this time， since then， however， after the trip， also， as long as等。

[2018年真題]Color is fundamental in home design— something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life？ Professional？ Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day？? ? ?36? ? ?， color is the key to make a room feel the way you want it to feel.

答案：B. Whatever youre looking for

分析：做題時(shí)先找出選項(xiàng)B中的銜接詞whatever，以及題號(hào)36前文的or。通過(guò)分析可以得知or表示的是你尋找喜歡的房間的三種選擇，選項(xiàng)中的whatever表示無(wú)論是何種選擇，表示讓步關(guān)系，引出下文顏色是關(guān)鍵。

[2018年真題]The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls， ceilings， and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint， the time， effort and relative expense put into it are significant.? ? ? 40? ? ?.

答案：F. So it pays to be sure， because you want to get it right the first time

分析：做題時(shí)先把選項(xiàng)F中的so和題號(hào)40前文的whether圈出來(lái)。通過(guò)分析得出，上文提及的付出時(shí)間、精力和花費(fèi)是有意義的和下文的值得之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。

[2017年真題]If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill-cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.? ? ? 36? ? ?.

答案：D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then， however.

分析：做題時(shí)先圈出選項(xiàng)D中的銜接詞since then 和however。通過(guò)分析前文可以得知，作者三年以前對(duì)于camping是持否定態(tài)度的，since then 和however表示作者對(duì)于camping的態(tài)度開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)變。

[2017年真題]I was， nevertheless， talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.? ? ?38? ? ?Instead， we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

答案：A. This time there was no tent.

分析：做題時(shí)先圈出選項(xiàng)A中的銜接詞this time以及題號(hào)38下文的instead。通過(guò)分析得出，this time表示時(shí)間概念，指的是這一次的露營(yíng)。instead強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說(shuō)明這些詞露營(yíng)用的不是帳篷而是露營(yíng)車。

[2017年真題]? ? ?39? ? ?We have done a lot of it since. Recently， we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom， a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

答案：F. After the trip， my family became quite interested in camping.

分析：做題時(shí)，先找出選項(xiàng)F中的銜接詞after the trip以及題號(hào)39下文中的銜接詞since和代詞we。通過(guò)分析得出，after the trip表示時(shí)間關(guān)系和下文的副詞since表示的意義相同。同時(shí)，通過(guò)代詞we得知，we指的就是選項(xiàng)中的my family，指代一致。

三、體現(xiàn)句意的核心詞

相鄰的兩個(gè)句子中必然有信息的重疊，這是它們能夠成功推進(jìn)的前提條件，也是體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)篇前后連貫的關(guān)鍵所在。所以，只要抓住前后句子的核心詞，就能根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇連貫的原則來(lái)確定前后句子的相關(guān)性，從而判斷七選五選項(xiàng)的正確與否。

[2018年真題]? ? ?38? ? ?. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us used to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa， small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

答案：D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with

分析：做題時(shí)，找出選項(xiàng)中的Small color choices 這幾個(gè)核心關(guān)鍵詞，這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞代表的主題和下文的主題是一致的，例如下一句的代詞they以及再下一句的主語(yǔ)small color choices，所以可以判斷出段落主要在講small color choices。

[2017年真題]? ? ?40? ? ?It must be true that sooner or later， everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

答案：E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

分析：做題時(shí)，找出選項(xiàng)中的enjoy camping這兩個(gè)核心詞。上文描述了作者對(duì)野營(yíng)活動(dòng)由抵觸到感興趣的過(guò)程。從第三段和第四段的another fun-filled holiday，quite interested以及 have done a lot of it可以看出作者喜歡上了野營(yíng)。此空是最后一段的開(kāi)始句，起到總結(jié)作用，可知作者完全喜歡上了野營(yíng)活動(dòng)。

從以上對(duì)2017和2018的真題分析可以看出，只要抓住代詞、銜接詞以及核心詞這三類詞，把握句子與句子之間的語(yǔ)義推進(jìn)關(guān)系，就能很好完成七選五這個(gè)題型的解題任務(wù)。后文是2016年的高考七選五真題。同學(xué)們可以根據(jù)以上的方法進(jìn)行練習(xí)驗(yàn)證。

2016年全國(guó)卷七選五真題

Secret codes（密碼）keep messages private. Banks， companies， and government agencies use secret codes in doing business， especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.? ? 36? ? Code breaking never lags（落后）far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.? ? ? 37? ? ?For example， the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”

38? ? ?You might represent each letter with a number， for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet， in order， from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter， the message “Meet me”would read“13 55 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book.

39? ? ?For example，“bridge”might stand for“meet”and “out”might stand for“me.”The message“bridge out”would actually mean “Meet me.”? ? ?40? ? ?However， it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language， some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

答案：36-40DEGFA