初中英語常見交際用語正誤辨析

1.[誤]—What can I do for you？

— Yes， please help me.

[正]— What can I do for you？

— Id like to buy a sweater.

[析] What can I do for you？ 這一問句實(shí)際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點(diǎn)什么？在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么？它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。

2.[誤] Do you like to come with us tonight？

[正] Would you like to come with us tonight？

[析] Do you like … 問的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣，如： Do you like swimming？ Do you like collecting stamps？ 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。

3. [誤]—Sorry， Ive kept you waiting.

—Not at all.（根本沒有。）

[正] Sorry， Ive kept you waiting.

—Never mind.（別介意。）

4.[誤]—Whats that man？

—He is Mike.

[正]—Whats that man？

—He is a teacher.

[正]—Whos that man？

—He is Mike.（He is Mikes father.）

[析] 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè)，由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。

5. [誤]— How much are they？

— Half a kilo， please.

[正]— How many bananas do you want？

— Half a kilo， Please.

[析] How much are they？ 問的是價(jià)格而不是實(shí)際物品的多少。

6. [誤] Im sorry， but is this the way to the park？

[正] Excuse me， but is this the way to the park？

[析] Im sorry 是對(duì)已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r(shí)的開始語。而 Excuse me 是在打擾對(duì)方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。

7.[誤]—Have a good time tonight！

—You are the same.

[正]—Have a good time tonight！？

—The same to you.

[析] The same to you 意為我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚，它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。

8.[誤]—Whats the problem？

—Ive got a headache.

[正]—Whats wrong with you？

—Ive got a headache.

[析] Whats wrong with you？ 是詢問對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 Whats the problem？是問對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。

9.[誤]—Now， Im back. Can I play？

—Perhaps. Youd better do your homework first.

[正]—Now， Im back. Can I play？

—Im afraid not. Youd better do your homework first.

[析] Perhaps 是表示對(duì)一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論，如： —Am I right？ —Perhaps. 而 Im afraid not 則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。

10.[誤]—How soon will you be ready？

—Two days.

[正]—How soon will you be ready？

— In two days.

[析] 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，要注意的是對(duì)方問了什么，就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問什么。 How soon 問的是“還有多久才能作完”，這時(shí)要用 in two days，即在兩天之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問，則答語可以用 two days。

11. [誤]—Would you mind if I have some time off？

—I dont mind.

—Monday and Tuesday of next week.

[正]—Would you mind if I have some time off？

—When exactly.

—Monday and Tuesday of next week.

[析] 有的對(duì)話是復(fù)雜的，稍有不慎就有可能選錯(cuò)，而且英語中如選錯(cuò)了答案是不容易找出錯(cuò)來的。 I dont mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind…這一提問的，但如仔細(xì)看一看則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly？ 什么時(shí)間，這樣才能與下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。

12.[誤] Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be “Who are you？”

[正] Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be “Hello？ This is Tom speaking？”

[析] 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，習(xí)慣用法實(shí)際上在某種情況，或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析，它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如，當(dāng)你拿起電話時(shí)，如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰，可以問“Whos that（speaking）？”但不要講“Who are you？”如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講“This is ×××× speaking”而不要講“Im ××××”也不要講“My name is ×××××.” 就語法而論，“Who are you？” “Im ××××.”“My name is ×××××.”并沒有錯(cuò)，也是英語中可用的句子，但就打電話這一場(chǎng)合，就不宜用了。

13.[誤]—Do you think its going to rain over the weekend？

— I dont hope so.

[正]—Do you think its going to rain over the weekend？

—I hope not.

[析] 由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語口語中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語不熟悉，如在肯定答語中 I think so/I hope so/ I believe so是相同的，但在否定句中卻常用 I dont think so. 但I(xiàn) dont believe so. 和 I dont hope so. 則意為：我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not.和 I hope not.則為：我想可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧！

14.[誤]—Is anybody there？

— No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

[正]—Is everybody there？

—No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

[析] 許多學(xué)生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時(shí)總要語法在前，而不是習(xí)慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞。Is anybody here？ 在英語中意為：這里有人嗎？而Is everybody here？為：全都到齊了嗎？所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

15.[誤]—Your handwriting is very good！

—No， my handwriting is very poor.

[正]—Your handwriting is very good！

—Thank you.

[析] 中國人遇到別人稱贊，總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí)，就應(yīng)說： Thank you. 又比如中國人見面時(shí)常講 Where are you going？ 或 Have you had your breakfast yet？而英美人則認(rèn)為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時(shí)往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話，如： Hello！ How are you going？ （你過得怎樣）！ 等。而Good morning 和 How do you do則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問候語，在日常生活中則十分少見

16.[誤] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave， you may say：“Excuse me. Ill go first.”

[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave， you may say：“Excuse me. I have to go.”

[析] 這兩句答語都是正確的，其關(guān)鍵不是語法，而是習(xí)慣問題。如果在這樣的場(chǎng)合你講 Ill go first. 朋友們會(huì)迷惑不解，而 I have to go則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去，而你本人則十分不愿做此事。

17.[誤]—Would you like to come to dinner tonight？

—Id like to， and Im too busy.

[正]—Would you like to come to dinner tonight？

—Id like to， but Im too busy.

[析] Im too busy與 Id like to在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對(duì)詞義合乎邏輯的表達(dá)能力。所以要強(qiáng)調(diào)語言環(huán)境，更要強(qiáng)調(diào)在語言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語辨析。

18.[誤]—Wheres Deter？

—Deter will come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet.

[正]—Wheres Deter？

—Deter may come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet.

[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的，所以應(yīng)用 may 來表達(dá)一個(gè)不肯定的事件。

19.[誤]—Hi， havent seen you for ages！ You look fine！

—Great. You look well too.

[正]—Hi， havent seen you for ages！ You look fine！

—Thanks. You look well too.

[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆，而 Thanks 則表示感謝對(duì)方的稱贊。所以對(duì)情景談話要有準(zhǔn)確的判定，要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，上下對(duì)照，周密思考，弄清場(chǎng)合，注意英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，注重語義上的詞語辨析，并要進(jìn)行大量的語言實(shí)踐練習(xí)，擴(kuò)大實(shí)際交際能力。