曲鷹 劉國(guó)華 李俊霞
【摘要】 目的:評(píng)估在甲狀腺手術(shù)中,右美托咪定作為羅哌卡因佐劑超聲引導(dǎo)雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯時(shí)的安全性和有效性。方法:選取擇期行甲狀腺手術(shù)患者60例,隨機(jī)分為D組和R組,兩組全麻成功后,在超聲引導(dǎo)下行雙側(cè)頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯(SCPB),D組單側(cè)使用含有0.375%羅哌卡因(Rop)10 ml和右美托咪定(Dex)25 μg的混合液,R組單側(cè)使用含有0.375% Rop 10 ml和等量0.9%氯化鈉注射液的混合液。記錄兩組術(shù)后首次使用地佐辛?xí)r間、術(shù)后24 h地佐辛總量、術(shù)中芬太尼及丙泊酚用量;評(píng)估兩組術(shù)后2、4、6、8、12、24 h VAS評(píng)分;記錄兩組術(shù)后24 h內(nèi)不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)果:D組首次使用地佐辛?xí)r間晚于R組,術(shù)后24 h地佐辛總量少于R組,術(shù)中芬太尼用量少于R組(P<0.05);D組術(shù)后6、8、12、24 h VAS評(píng)分均顯著低于R組(P<0.05);D組惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率顯著低于R組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:在超聲引導(dǎo)雙側(cè)SCPB甲狀腺手術(shù)中,Dex作為Rop佐劑,能夠使鎮(zhèn)痛效果增強(qiáng)、鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、阿片類藥物消耗降低、不良反應(yīng)減少,值得臨床推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 右美托咪定 超聲 頸淺叢阻滯 甲狀腺手術(shù)
[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as Ropivacaine adjuvant for ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus block in thyroid surgery. Method: Sixty patients who underwent thyroid surgery were randomly divided into the group D and the group R. After induction of general anesthesia, both groups were performed bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (SCBP) under ultrasound guidance. The group D was treated unilaterally with a mixture containing 0.375% Ropivacaine (Rop) 10 ml and Dexmedetomidine (Dex) 25 μg, and the group R was treated unilaterally with a mixture containing 0.375% Rop 10 ml and the same amount of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. The time of the first use of Dezocine, the total amount of Dezocine 24 h after surgery, the intraoperative dose of Fentanyl and Propofol in the two groups were recorded. The VAS scores were assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Adverse reactions within 24 h after surgery were recorded in both groups. Result: The time of the first use of Dezocinein the group D was later than that of the group R, the total amount of Dezocine 24 h after surgery in the group D was less than that of the group R, and intraoperative dose of Fentanyl in the group D was less than that of the group R (P<0.05). The VAS scores at 6, 8, 12, 24 h after surgery in the group D were significantly lower than those of the group R (P<0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the group D was significantly lower than that of the group R (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided bilateral SCPB in thyroid surgery, Dex as an adjuvant of Rop can enhance the analgesic effect, prolong the analgesic time, reduce Opioid consumption and reduce adverse reaction, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
甲狀腺手術(shù)中牽拉易引起血流動(dòng)力學(xué)變化,甚至誘發(fā)重度心律失常而危及生命,術(shù)后患者常有中重度疼痛感。頸淺叢阻滯是降低應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的最佳鎮(zhèn)痛技術(shù),在超聲引導(dǎo)下可使操作更加精準(zhǔn)、安全、有效[1-2]。右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine,Dex)是一種高選擇性α2腎上腺素能受體激動(dòng)劑,臨床常用作鎮(zhèn)靜劑和鎮(zhèn)痛劑。研究報(bào)道,右美托咪定作為佐劑可延長(zhǎng)局麻藥的作用時(shí)間,具有更高的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性[3]。本研究擬評(píng)估在甲狀腺手術(shù)中,Dex作為羅哌卡因(Ropivacaine,Rop)佐劑超聲引導(dǎo)雙側(cè)SCPB時(shí)的鎮(zhèn)痛效果和副作用,以驗(yàn)證其安全性及有效性,為臨床應(yīng)用提供參考。
Dex具有中樞性抗交感神經(jīng)作用,可激活迷走神經(jīng),降低血漿兒茶酚胺水平,具有劑量相關(guān)的降低血壓和心率作用,從而提供穩(wěn)定的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)[9-10]。本研究中,兩組HR和MBP比較沒有顯著差異。
本研究中,D組惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率較R組明顯減少,主要是因?yàn)镈組聯(lián)合使用Dex增強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)痛效果,阿片類藥物使用量降低;也可能因?yàn)镈ex與藍(lán)斑中的α2突觸前抑制性腎上腺素受體結(jié)合,降低腎上腺素能活性,產(chǎn)生止吐效果。另外,有研究顯示,Dex可抑制交感神經(jīng)興奮和兒茶酚胺釋放減少PONV的發(fā)生[11]。與Cai等[12]研究結(jié)果一致,雙側(cè)SCPB可減少惡心嘔吐發(fā)生率。
本研究尚存在不足之處:(1)右美托咪定最佳安全有效的配伍劑量需要進(jìn)一步研究;(2)復(fù)合頸深叢阻滯的安全性與有效性也需要進(jìn)一步探討。
綜上所述,在超聲引導(dǎo)雙側(cè)SCPB甲狀腺手術(shù)中,Dex作為Rop佐劑,能夠使鎮(zhèn)痛效果增強(qiáng)、鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、阿片類藥物消耗降低、副作用減少,值得臨床推廣。
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(收稿日期:2019-07-10) (本文編輯:李盈)