比馬微型圖書館，萬隆，印度尼西亞

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：SHAU建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: SHAU

1 外景/Exterior view

這座微型圖書館位于萬隆比馬街的塔曼比馬，坐落在一個(gè)名為甘榜的社區(qū)小廣場上，靠近機(jī)場。該社區(qū)的一側(cè)為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)住宅，另一側(cè)則為村式建筑聚落，供收入較低的百姓居住。我們計(jì)劃在全印度尼西亞的不同地區(qū)打造一系列小型圖書館，而塔曼比馬的微型圖書館便是該系列中的首座落地項(xiàng)目。

隨著近年來人們對(duì)書籍與閱讀的興趣下降，印尼的文盲率和輟學(xué)率居高不下。我們的任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)一處專供閱讀、學(xué)習(xí)、存放書籍以及接觸其他媒體和課程的場所，來重新激發(fā)人們對(duì)讀書的興趣。這座微型圖書館不僅增加了身份認(rèn)同感，而且成為了所有居民的驕傲。目前，館內(nèi)的教學(xué)與活動(dòng)均由“窮人的口袋”機(jī)構(gòu)以及“印尼僑民基金會(huì)”支持并組織。然而，項(xiàng)目的終極目標(biāo)是希望由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癃?dú)立組織活動(dòng)并進(jìn)行維護(hù)。

該建筑坐落在一個(gè)小廣場上，而廣場上原有的舞臺(tái)已經(jīng)被當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)用于聚會(huì)、活動(dòng)、娛樂和體育鍛煉。我們的主旨是加建而非拆除，因此我們決定為這座露天舞臺(tái)添磚加瓦：使其能夠遮陽、防雨，并令漂浮式圖書館覆蓋其上。

圖書館的地板與屋頂均采用了簡約的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，由工字梁和混凝土板組成。舞臺(tái)則以混凝土重新澆筑并補(bǔ)上了之前缺失的寬敞階梯。由于該建筑位于熱帶氣候區(qū)，而我們又試圖在不使用空調(diào)的情況下創(chuàng)造溫度適宜的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。因此，我們要在當(dāng)?shù)貙ふ覙O具性價(jià)比的立面材料，以滿足擋風(fēng)遮雨、自然采光、對(duì)流通風(fēng)等需求。起初，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有幾個(gè)小商販在賣用過的白色半透明油罐。然而，在施工前，這種油罐已供不應(yīng)求。之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有人大量出售用過的塑料冰淇淋桶。這種塑料材料更為理想，因?yàn)樗鼈儾粌H更加美觀且在切開桶底用于對(duì)流通風(fēng)時(shí)也更牢固。

在設(shè)計(jì)研究如何排列2000個(gè)冰淇淋桶時(shí)，我們意識(shí)到它們可以被演繹為“0”（切開狀態(tài)）與“1”（封閉狀態(tài)），讓立面以二進(jìn)制的形式傳遞出信息。我們請(qǐng)?jiān)擁?xiàng)目的支持者萬隆市長利迪萬·卡米爾提供建議，詢問他是否有信息要傳遞給微型圖書館及該社區(qū)。他提出：“buku adalah jendela dunia”——“書是通向世界的窗口”。 這條信息可以從左上角（面向前方）開始，沿周邊螺旋式重復(fù)向下排列的順序閱讀。該立面不僅賦予了圖書館額外的意義，而這些冰淇淋桶也營造出愉悅的室內(nèi)光環(huán)境——分散了陽光直射，扮演了自然光燈泡的角色。

鋼肋從地板延伸至屋頂，而這些桶便被排列在垂直的鋼肋之間并向外傾斜以阻擋雨水。當(dāng)更嚴(yán)酷的熱帶暴雨來臨時(shí)，內(nèi)部半透明的滑動(dòng)門可以暫時(shí)關(guān)上。安裝2000個(gè)冰淇淋桶，制作固定裝置，去掉半數(shù)以上的桶底，這一系列工作非常耗時(shí)。不過，當(dāng)?shù)氐墓そ匙灾屏烁h利的切割工具，讓切割邊緣既銳利又整齊。

社區(qū)居民對(duì)圖書館極為認(rèn)可，而我們也經(jīng)常收到學(xué)校各種 活動(dòng)的定期反饋?！?/p>

（王單單 譯）

2 軸測/Axometric drawing

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 印度尼西亞萬隆塔曼比馬/Taman Bima,Bandung, Indonesia

客戶/Client: Dompet Dhuafa (City of Bandung)

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Florian Heinzelmann, Daliana Suryawinata, Yogi Ferdinand with Rizki Supratman, Roland Tejo Prayitno, Aditya Kusuma, Octavia Tunggal, Timmy Haryanto, Telesilla Bristogianni, Margaret Jo, Angga Rosiawan, Aistyara Charmita

承建商/Contractor: Yogi Pribadi, Pramesti Sudjati

標(biāo)識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)/Signage Graphic Design: Nusae

支持方/Supported by: Dompet Dhuafa, Urbane Community,Indonesian Diaspora Foundation

建筑面積/Floor Area: 160m2（包括舞臺(tái)/incl. stage）

造價(jià)/Cost: 35,000EUR

攝影/Photos: Sanrok Studio

3 夜景/Night view

4 閱讀區(qū)/Reading area

5 立面內(nèi)側(cè)/Fa?ade inside

The Microlibrary is located at Taman Bima,Bima Street in Bandung in a small square in a Kampung neighbourhood near the airport. The neighbourhood consists of middle class housing on one side and a Kampung (village) like structure on the other, where less affluent people live. The Taman Bima Microlibrary is the first realised prototype of a series of small libraries in different locations throughout Indonesia, which we intend to build.

With an Interest in books and reading declining in the past years, the illiteracy rate and school dropout rate in Indonesia remains high. Our mission is to rekindle interest in books by offering a dedicated place for reading and learning, availability of books, other media and courses. The Microlibrary adds identity and is a source of pride for all the people in the neighbourhood. The activities and teaching are currently supported and organised by Dompet Dhuafa (Pocket for the Poor) and the Indonesian Diaspora Foundation. However, the ultimate goal is to enable the local people to organise the content and maintenance independently.

The building is situated in a small square of a pre-existing stage that was already used by the local community for gatherings, events, hanging out and sports activities. Our intention was to add rather than take away, so we decided to enhance the open stage by shading it, making it rain-protected and covering it in form of the floating library box.

The building is constructed via a simple steel structure made from I-beams and concrete slabs for floor and roof. The stage was reworked in concrete and a previously missing, wide stair was added.As the building is located in a tropical climate, we aimed to create a pleasant indoor climate without the use of air conditioning. Therefore, we looked for available fa?ade materials in the neighbourhood that were cost efficient, could shade the interior, let daylight pass and enable enough cross ventilation.Initially, we found several small vendors selling used, white and translucent jerry cans. However,prior to construction the jerry cans were no longer available for required quantity. Instead, we found used plastic ice cream buckets that were being sold in bulk. This turned out for the better as they have a more positive image and are more stable when cutting the bottom open for cross ventilation.

6 局部夜景/Night view of part of the building

7 立面近景/Nearby view of bucket fa?ade

While studying design options of how to arrange 2000 ice cream buckets, we realised that they could be interpreted as zeros (opened) and ones(closed), thus giving us the possibility to embed a message in the fa?ade in the form of a binary code.We asked the Mayor of Bandung, Ridwan Kamil, a supporter of the project whether he had a message for the Microlibrary and neighbourhood and his message is: "buku adalah jendela dunia" , meaning books are the windows to the world. The message can be read starting from the top left (facing the front) and spirals down around the perimetre repeatedly. Not only does the facade give additional meaning to the building but the buckets also generate a pleasant indoor light ambiance since they scatter direct sunlight and act as natural light bulbs.

The buckets were then placed in between vertical steel ribs spanning from floor to roof and are inclined towards the outside to repel rainwater.For more harsh tropical rainstorms translucent sliding doors in the inside can be closed temporarily.Mounting 2000 buckets, making the fixture and punching out bottoms of more than half of them is time consuming. However, the local craftsmen made their own punch out/cutting tools to be faster while also maintaining sharp and clean edges.

The building is very well received among the people in the neighbourhood and we get regular feedback about ongoing events, e.g. school class excursions, etc.□

8 剖面/Section

評(píng)論

張昕楠：場地、氣候、材料，是解讀這個(gè)位于印度尼西亞比馬的微型圖書館的關(guān)鍵詞。其所在的中產(chǎn)住宅與村落之間的開放空地，本就充滿日常的豐富事件；因此，底層架空的策略和舞臺(tái)的再設(shè)計(jì)成為了場地整理的關(guān)鍵?；趯?duì)閱讀這一空間功能和舒適性的考慮，如何迎接風(fēng)、光進(jìn)入室內(nèi)空間決定了材料選擇的方向。盡管由于最初所選擇的透光柔性塑料面材的缺失使我們失去了看到這個(gè)建筑另一種可能的機(jī)會(huì)，但替代的塑料水桶材料因著其對(duì)氣候邊界“開”與“合”的二元選擇，以立面微單元的方式更好地回應(yīng)了微型圖書館的需求，并給予立面?zhèn)鬟f這個(gè)微圖書館意義的機(jī)會(huì)。

鐘冠球:微型圖書館在社區(qū)廣場用了底層架空的方式用作開敞的電影空間，把圖書館閱讀空間用一個(gè)直跑梯連接到二層， 是一個(gè)適合用地的很棒的設(shè)計(jì)選型，仿佛多米諾體系原型的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)版。比較亮眼的二層表皮是用現(xiàn)成品冰淇淋筒作為像素（原有設(shè)計(jì)想用二手的油罐，但供應(yīng)數(shù)量不夠），形成了一個(gè)為圖書館室內(nèi)過濾光的裝置，二維碼為冰淇淋筒的放置秩序提供了一個(gè)建筑師的說法（使用人群似乎不會(huì)關(guān)心），可以思考的是，冰淇淋筒可否有更多用途？比如種植罐，或者填充罐子變成遮陽罐？為了建筑更純粹，四面均用相同的表皮，然而對(duì)于熱帶地區(qū)來說，四面均開窗為玻璃面，二層室內(nèi)的舒適性不一定會(huì)很好。

9 二層平面/First floor plan

10-12 冰淇淋桶拼裝實(shí)驗(yàn)/Ice cream bucket assembling experiment

13 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Comments

ZHANG Xinnan: Site, climate, and material are the key words for the description of Micro Library in Bima,Indonesia. The open space where the library is located is between some middle-class residential compounds and rural settlements, which is fullof daily activities,so the design strategy of overhead bottom floor and redesign of the stage become focuses of site arrangement.Regarding its function as a reading space and the demand for comfortableness, the material selection is decided by how to introduce the wind and light into the interior space. Though due to the lack of supply of soft plastic materials, which was the first choice of the design, we lost the chance to see another possibility of the construction,the alternative plastic bucket material responds to the demand of the micro library in a better way because it can provide dual choices, i.e. "open" and "close", to the climatic boundary through its fa?ade micro units, moreover, it endows the fa?ade a chance to understand the signi fi cance of the micro library. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

ZHONG Guanqiu: The micro library in the community square has been designed as a stilted house, which allows the ground area to act as an open space for movies while connecting the reading area of the library on the first floor by the straight flight staircase.This approach can be considered to be a fantastic design option in terms of the use of space. It looks as if this is a prototype for the steelwork version of the Domino System. The eye-catching facade for the upper floor employed used plastic ice cream buckets as its pixel (initially used jerry cans were chosen, but the demand exceeded supply), becoming an installation that can help to filter the light for the interior of library. Moreover, the QR code serves as the architect's explanation of the arrangement of the ice cream buckets (however the users do not seem to care). It is worth pondering if there is any other approach to utilise these buckets.For instance, they could be adopted for growing plants, or be fi lled in to function as a sunshade. In pursuit of purity, the same facade has been applied to all sides. However, for the tropical zone, the four glass window walls might result in less comfort on the first floor