橙青社區(qū)中心，廣南，越南

建筑設(shè)計：黃俊豪/1+1＞2建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: Hoang Thuc Hao/1+1＞2 Architects

1 外景/Exterior view

橙青村地處會安市——一個越南中部有著古鎮(zhèn)遺跡和絕美海岸的旅游地——的東南一隅，因其茂密的紅樹林、縱橫交錯的水道、檳榔園和若隱若現(xiàn)的小規(guī)模村莊聚落而出名。盡管其與生俱來的生態(tài)多樣性和本土手作工藝使橙青具有無限的潛力，它依然沒有擺脫貧困和糟糕的生活水平。缺乏與古鎮(zhèn)以及不同社工/科研小組的聯(lián)系和支持，使得這片區(qū)域的旅游和經(jīng)濟唯以發(fā)展和提升。橙青還受到氣候變化的影響：熱浪、臺風(fēng)，以及海平面上升。這些因素促生了對一個作為社區(qū)中心的實體平臺的需要，用以加強橙青與其他區(qū)域的合作，創(chuàng)造更多旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展機會，以實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟層面的增長。

橙青社區(qū)中心就是為這樣的需求而設(shè)計的。

該中心位于社區(qū)的核心地帶，由3座建筑組成，不同區(qū)域間可以相互連通。通過使用靈活的隔斷，該中心的空間可以進行調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)不同的需求：會議、展覽、活動，并結(jié)合圖書館、培訓(xùn)課程和自助餐廳的功能。露天庭院與會安古鎮(zhèn)的建筑形式相類似，都采用對流通風(fēng)。該綜合體還包括游樂場、有機蔬菜農(nóng)場、檳榔園和體育活動場地。橙青社區(qū)中心預(yù)計將在未來成為一座實驗性的有機農(nóng)業(yè)中心、一個共享之地和一座為游客提供的理想的休息站。

簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)形式與對當?shù)刭Y源和材料的充分利用相結(jié)合。為了盡量減少頻繁的熱浪的影響，由漁網(wǎng)織成藤蔓懸掛在檳榔園前，再加上椰葉覆蓋的屋頂，可以大大減少太陽輻射，為人們提供陰涼。堅固的木柱和竹框架支撐著巨大的坡屋頂，收集雨水用于灌溉和日?；顒?。由雙層土坯磚砌成的圍墻，形成了氣墊與隔熱層。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助建筑抵御暴風(fēng)雨的侵襲。

受到古鎮(zhèn)建筑的庭院、檳榔園和特色藤蔓的啟發(fā)，橙青社區(qū)中心通過陰影和空隙的組合，創(chuàng)造了一個靈活的空間序列。這座建筑代表了新的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展，應(yīng)對了當代的社交需求與城市化，同時也保持了其自身的獨特性。希望該社區(qū)中心建筑的建設(shè)能夠為其他地區(qū)帶來值得借鑒和采納的經(jīng)驗?！?（龐凌波 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: 越南廣南省會安市/Hoi An City, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: Phan Duc Trung, Nguyen Thi MinhThuy, Le Dinh Hung, Vu Xuan Son

建筑面積/Floor Area: 550m2

攝影/Photos: Vu Xuan Son

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

3 剖面/Section

4 外景/Exterior view

Located in the southeast of Hoi An - a tourism destination in the middle of Vietnam with ancient quarter and breath-taking seashore, Cam Thanh is known for its mangrove forests, crisscrossed waterways, areca gardens and small looming villages. Despite having such great potentials due to naturally diverse ecology and local handicraft business, Cam Thanh remains a poor area with low living standards. The lack of connection and support from the ancient town and different social/ scientific groups prevented this area from promoting tourism and fostering the local economy. Cam Thanh is also affected by climatic change: heat-wave, typhoons and rising sea level. These have raised the need for a physical platform acting as a community hub to strengthen the collaboration of Cam Thanh with other areas, creating more tourist opportunities and contributing to the economic development.

The Cam Thanh Community Centre was designed to fulfil this requirement.

The centre, locating in the commune's core,includes 3 buildings providing a continuous zoning flow. By using flexible partitions, the space can be modified to adapt different requirements: meetings,exhibitions, events, combining with library, training courses and cafeteria. The open courts resemble the Hoi An's ancient quarter houses, using convectional ventilation. The complex also has playground,organic vegetables farm, areca garden and sport field. Cam Thanh Community House is expected to become an experimentalorganic agriculture hub, a sharing place and an ideal rest stop for tourists in the future.

The structure is simple with the efficient usage of local resources and material. In consideration of minimising frequent heat-wave's effect, vines made of fishing net hanging across areca garden, together with the coconut leaves roof, can drastically reduce solar radiation and provide shade. Strong wood columns and bamboo frame support the large and sloping-in roof, collecting rainwater for reuse in irrigation and daily activities. Surrounding walls, made of double-layer adobe brick, create air cushions and insulation. This structure can assure the building to withstand windstorms.

Inspired by the courtyard of the ancient houses, areca garden and featured vines, Cam Thanh Community Centre is the combination of shades and voids, creating a flexible space chain. This building represents new rural development, adapts to contemporary social needs and urbanisation,simultaneously preserve identity. The development of this Community house hopefully will be an experience which can be applied in different areas.□

5 首層平面/Gound floor plan

6 剖面/Section

7 走廊/Veranda

8 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評論

宋曄皓：院落體系、空透性和地方材料的創(chuàng)造性使用是橙青社區(qū)中心的特色。繼承自當?shù)卦郝淇臻g的組織的新院落體系，使得小小的社區(qū)中心具有非常豐富的空間多樣性，這一點與需要容納很多功能的需求是高度一致的。而空透性則體現(xiàn)在風(fēng)和光兩個方面：既保證自然通風(fēng)，又需要對抗大的風(fēng)暴，既保證自然采光，又需要避免陽光過度射入建筑空間。地方材料的創(chuàng)造性使用是設(shè)計概念完美實現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)，所有材料的使用，都會給當?shù)厝藗儙硪环N既熟悉又陌生的體驗。鐘冠球:該項目是一個很好的低造價建筑的典范，沒有多余的裝飾，混凝土框架和填充墻清晰可見，地面是最普通的自流平水泥，屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)用的是當?shù)刂窆に?，幾乎每一根竹子都是有力學(xué)作用的。功能房間有氣候邊界，但建成照片中所有的門都呈現(xiàn)打開的狀態(tài)，符合熱帶地區(qū)的通風(fēng)需求，這樣所有的“開口”（門、窗、庭院）都是明亮的。最有特點的是用漁網(wǎng)系于椰子樹樹干，并將葡萄藤蔓和落葉掛于漁網(wǎng)上，形成半透明遮陽面。剖面技術(shù)圖紙中有提到空斗墻的應(yīng)用，有通風(fēng)空氣層作隔熱，但似乎起不了什么作用。

Comments

SONG Yehao: Cam Thanh Community Centre is characterised by its courtyard system, permeability and creative use of local materials. The new courtyard system which inherited the organisation from the local courtyard space gives the small community centre a very rich spatial diversity, which is highly consistent with the need to accommodate many functions. The permeability is re fl ected in the two aspects of wind and light: both ensuring natural ventilation and fighting against large storms, ensuring natural lighting and avoiding excessive sunlight shining into the building space. Creative use of local materials is the basis for the perfect realisation of design concepts. The use of all materials will bring forth both familiar and unfamiliar experiences to the local people. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

9 庭院/Courtyard

ZHONG Guanqiu: This project serves as a good example of low-cost buildings. It comes without any unnecessary decoration, while the concrete frame and in fi lled wall are clearly visible. Its floor employed the most common self-levelling cement. Moreover,the local bamboo technology has been used in the roof structure, and almost every piece of bamboo has a mechanical function. The function room seems to have a climate boundary, yet all the doors in the real picture remain open. This meets the requirement of air ventilation in the tropical climate. Additionally,it allows all the openings, including doors, windows and courtyards, to be bright. The most characteristic element is the fishing net which is tied to the trunk of the coconut tree. Both vines and fallen leaves are hung on the fishing net, creating a semitransparent sunshade. In the technical drawing of the section, it presents the usage of cavity walls and the air layers as thermal insulation. Nevertheless, they do not seem to work. (Translated by WANG Dandan)

10 用作會議空間/In conference use

11 用作游戲空間/In playground use

12 軸測/Axonometric drawing