薩拉阿麗雅瑜伽學校與住宅，曼谷，泰國

建筑設計：查蓬·楚恩魯?shù)夏獱?CHAT建筑事務所

Architect: Chatpong Chuenrudeemol/CHAT Architects

1 室外庭院/View of tree court

曼谷的居住區(qū)域曾經是繁忙活躍的步行社區(qū)。過去，古老的城市河道周邊遍布吊腳樓，居民可以在住宅的平臺上與劃船而過的鄰居聊天，與船上的商販討價還價。即使在街道覆蓋河道成為主要交通道路且汽車也取代小船之后，一種新的商鋪住宅（住宅在頂部，商鋪在底部）的居住模式也使家庭生活能夠與街道活動相融合。因此，在過去的年代，住宅既是私密的也是公共的，而居住的形態(tài)能夠實現(xiàn)住宅與公共街道之間的轉換。

情況在“現(xiàn)代”生活來到泰國之后發(fā)生了巨大變化。不管怎樣，獨立住宅成為了更受偏愛的生活方式?！皳碛歇毩⒃郝浜桶咨珫艡诘淖≌钡拿绹鴫舫蔀榱水敶畹睦硐?。然而，在典型的曼谷居民區(qū)，現(xiàn)狀與之相差甚遠。房主通常會建造圍墻以保護他們的城市家園免受泰國“城市郊區(qū)化”（城市化的郊區(qū)）典型的噪音、竊賊和窺視的困擾。街道生活因這些封閉的屏障而停滯，沒有人愿意走在被空白的、尺度失調的圍墻包夾的街道上。

在目前的“城市郊區(qū)化”的狀況下，住宅背朝街道，放棄了與街道、鄰居和公共生活的互動。

作為對這種現(xiàn)象的回應，薩拉阿麗雅瑜伽學校與住宅提出了這樣的問題：一座私人的郊區(qū)住宅能在現(xiàn)代郊區(qū)的社區(qū)中豐富公共生活，同時保持自身的隱私性和安全性嗎？

薩拉阿麗雅的主人是一位健康生活的倡導者和受人尊敬的瑜伽導師，她想要創(chuàng)造一種能夠回饋鄰里的全新的“公共”住宅類型，既作為她和她坐輪椅的母親的住宅，也兼作周邊居民的瑜伽學校。兩個縱向的體量創(chuàng)造了一條將訪客由街道引導至場地背后社區(qū)蓄洪水庫的“小巷”。小巷側面較大的體量作為車庫、主臥（二層）以及母親的臥室（首層，輪椅可達）使用。較小的體量容納客房、廚房、洗衣間和傭人房。兩個體量限定出的室內/室外的“小巷”平時作為自然通風的起居、就餐和休閑的空間，但是在學生/鄰居到來時，在大門打開之后，則轉變?yōu)榛钴S的瑜伽庭院。

2 街道外景/Exterior view from the street

3 主要教室和室外庭院/View of great room and tree court

建造和構造

限定小巷的兩個體量是簡單的混凝土框架結構和磚填充墻體（泰國最普遍的建造方式）。該項目的獨特之處在于定義主體中央空間的內層粘土磚瓦。小巷內層的飾面材料是因不規(guī)則的尺寸和橘色而得以低價購得的“不合格”的當?shù)卣惩链u。為了充分利用數(shù)量有限的材料，磚塊沿不同的方向“切半”用以減輕飾面層的重量，同時使飾面磚的數(shù)量倍增。通過這樣的方式，我們將殘次的磚轉變成了更輕盈的粘土瓦“雜交”（或稱混合），得以實現(xiàn)更便宜的“濕法”施工。由于簡單的粘土瓦施工，當?shù)氐墓そ潮还膭顒?chuàng)造各自獨特的砌筑樣式來區(qū)分每個房間的功能。36塊從一所泰國小學回收的綠色百葉窗扇成為了中央空間的遮陽篷。作為重要的泰國特征，即興創(chuàng)作和現(xiàn)場調整是解決此項目建造和材料問題的關鍵概念?！?/p>

（劉炫育 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

項目建筑師負責人/Project Architects Leads: Chaiyaset Settasagulchai, Prueksakun Kornudom

設計團隊/Design Team: Rung-arun Tiyanukulmongkhon

室內設計/Interior Designers: Sipanon Detanan, Thachanok Pongprayoon, Karn Chuensriswang

結構/Structure: 混凝土框架與磚和石膏填充墻，鋼框架屋面采用波紋鋼板/Concrete frame with brick and plaster in fi ll walls, steel frame roof with corrugated metal sheets

完成面/Finishes: 人造木板，混合磚/瓦墻飾面，拋光混凝土石膏，天花定向刨花面板/Artificial wood flooring,hybrid brick/tile wall finishes, polished concrete plaster,OSB ceiling panels

門窗/Doors and Windows: 從泰國學校舊門窗上回收的綠色百葉，未完成再利用木材門窗，粉飾鋁門/Reclaimed green louvers from old Thai school doors and windows,unfinished reclaimed wood doors and windows, powdercoated aluminium doors

施工時間/Construction Period: 2016-2018

攝影/Photos: CHAT Architects

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 綠色百葉/Green louvers

Bangkok residential neighbourhoods once bustled as active pedestrian communities, At one time, our city's historic canals were lined with stilted wooden houses whose terraced decks allowed inhabitants to chat with paddling neighbours and to bargain with floating vendors. Even when surface streets replaced canals as the city's major thoroughfares, and cars replaced paddle boats as the principal mode of travel, a new residential model, the shop house (with its living quarters on top and shop on the bottom) likewise allowed family life to mingle with sidewalk liveliness. Thus in eras past, the home was both private AND public,and residential morphology allowed for exchanges between residences and the public thoroughfare.

6 室內局部/Parts of the interior

7 墻面局部/Parts of the wall

8 二層平面/First floor plan

9 剖面/Section

10.11 粘土瓦混合材料/Hybrid brick-tile

How things have changed since the arrivalof"modern" living in Thailand. The detached dwelling,for better or for worse, has become the preferred mode of living. The American dream of a "home with its own yard surrounded by a white picket fence"has become the idealof modern life. However, in a typical Bangkok neighbourhood, reality couldn't be further from the truth, as homeowners most often erect perimetre walls to protect their miniature urban paradise from noise, burglars, and prying eyes in the untamed Thai "sub-urbanism" (urbanised suburb).With this impenetrable street barrier, street life came to a halt, as no one wanted to walk the alleys sandwiched by blank scale-less defensive walls.

In the current state of "sub-urbanism", homes have turned their backs on the street and abandoned their engagement with the street, neighbours and public life in general.

In response to this phenomenon, the SalaAreeya yoga residence asks the question: Can a private sub-urban residence still enrich the public life in the modern suburban neighbourhood yet still maintain its privacy and safety?

The owner of the SalaAreeya, a proponent of health and wellness and respected yoga instructor,wanted to create a new type of "public" residence that would give back to her neighbours… a home for herself and her wheelchair-bound mother that would double as a yoga school for neighbouring residents.Two longitudinal masses create an "alley" that leads visitors from the street to the neighbourhood flood reservoir at the back of the site. The larger mass that flanks the alley contains parking, and bedrooms for the owner (2nd floor) and her mother (1st floor wheelchair accessible). The smaller mass contains guest bedroom, heavy kitchen, laundry room, and maid's room. The indoor/outdoor "alley" bounded by the two massive volumes serves as a naturallyventilated living, eating, lounging space for the occupants during down times, but transforms into lively yoga courts when the gates are thrown open upon arrivalof the students neighbours.

Construction and tectonics

The two volumes that define the yoga alley are simple concrete frame structures with brick in fi ll (the most common construction in Thailand).The uniqueness is in the clay brick/tile lining that defines the main central space. The finish material lining the main alley is "rejected" local clay brick acquired at a cheaper price due to their unusual dimensions and tangerine colour. In order make the most of the limited amount of the material,the bricks were "halved" in varying directions in order (1) to decrease weight for veneer layer and(2) to double the quantity of veneer pieces. In doing so, we transformed the brick reject into a lighter clay tile "bastard" (or hybrid) that allowed for a cheaper "wet process" installation. With the ease of the installation of the tile, the local builders were encouraged to create their own unique clay patterns that would identify the programme of each room.36 green louvred panels were salvaged from a Thai elementary school to serve as awning sunshades in the central space. Improvisation and adaptation,important Thai characteristics, are key concepts in dealing with the construction and materials of this project.□

12 湖邊瑜伽平臺和臥室陽臺/Lakeside yoga terrace and bedroom balcony

評論

宋曄皓：材料多樣性條件下的親切感營造，是薩拉阿麗雅瑜伽學校和住宅的一個非常突出的特點。

一種是類似木材等本身令人感到親切的自然材料的利用，另一種則是對磚這種材料的手工化加工和砌筑，同樣體現(xiàn)了一種類似自然的多樣性和細膩的感覺，即便是取自小學校的重復使用的舊的綠色遮陽百葉，隨著開啟角度的不同，也具有一種隨意的多樣性。而這些都顯然會讓建筑的使用者感到非常親切，而這種建筑體驗的多樣性和親切感，可能才是建筑師想讓大家感受到的泰國建筑的特點吧。

洪人杰：海底下的“冰山”

該項目在封閉的郊野住區(qū)中，結合公共與私密的復合空間，讓傳統(tǒng)住宅帶有鄰里客廳的“社交化”可能。在建筑師查蓬·楚恩魯?shù)夏獱柕膶嵺`項目中，設計來自曼谷本土研究，一種名為“曼谷雜種”（見102頁）的設計方法。他針對曼谷街頭攤販、運河上蓋社區(qū)、工人違章住宅進行構筑研究與空間分析，并從中揭露違章建筑的臨時性、混亂性與需求性，并將這些非常態(tài)、不具規(guī)則、雜交混生的建筑原型轉化為空間設計中的共享性、事件性與功能性。該建筑創(chuàng)造并分化一般空間中的僵化布局，延續(xù)都市異規(guī)涵構，進而創(chuàng)造可被感知的泰國性。

Comments

SONG Yehao: The construction of intimacy under the condition of material diversity is a very conspicuous feature of SalaAreeya Yoga school and residence.

One is the use of natural materials such as timber, which by themselves are intimate to people.The other is the handmade processing and masonry of the material of bricks, which also reflects a sense of diversity and delicacy similar to nature. Even the old green shade blinds, which are recycled from the little school, have a random variety of different opening angles. These willobviously make the users of the building feel very intimate, and this diversity and intimacy of architectural experience may be the characteristics of Thai architecture for the audience to experience. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

HUNG Jenchieh: "Icebergs" under the sea

This project is located in a closed suburban residential compound, a combined public and private space, allowing the traditional house to create an opportunity for socialising within the community. In architect Chatpong's practice, his design is inspired by the local study in Bangkok - an approach called"Bangkok Bastards" (Page 102). He conducted construction research and spatial analysis on "Bangkok Street Vendor", "Sahm Saen Flood Canal Community"and "Construction Worker House", which reveals the temporality, messiness and demands of illegal buildings. Moreover, Chatpong converted these abnormal, irregular and messy architectural archetypes into a spatial design which demonstrates the sharing,eventful and functional nature. This helps to both create and decrease the rigid layout of general space for this project, and also contributes to the continuity of the informal urban contact, creating perceptible Thainess. (Translated by WANG Dandan)

13 人們在湖邊平臺做瑜伽/Yoga on lakeside terrace