鎮(zhèn)館之寶：《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》

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重慶中國三峽博物館（重慶博物館）是首批國家一級博物館、中央地方共建國家級博物館，現(xiàn)有館藏文物11.35萬余件套（單件超28萬件），珍貴古籍善本1.8萬余冊，涵蓋35個文物門類。以“古人類標本、三峽文物、巴渝青銅器、漢代文物、西南民族文物、大后方抗戰(zhàn)文物、瓷器、書畫、古琴”等為特色的藏品系列，集中體現(xiàn)了重慶這座歷史文化名城的歷史人文精粹。本期開始，我們請三峽博物館的專家選取館藏的特色文物，講述它們背后的故事，以便我們更好地了解重慶的歷史文化。

Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum(Chongqing Museum) is one of the first batch of grade-one national museums and a national museum built by central and local governments.There are more than 113,500 pieces of cultural relics (more than 280,000 pieces for one collection), and more than 18,000 precious ancient books covering 35 cultural relic categories in the museum. The series of collections featuring“Ancient Human Specimens, Three Gorges Cultural Relics, Bayu Bronze Wares, Cultural Relics from Han Dynasty, Southwestern National Cultural Relics, Cultural Relics from the Anti-Japanese War, Porcelain, Paintings and Calligraphy, Guqin”, etc., embodies the essence of history and humanity of the historical and cultural Chongqing. From now on, we will invite the experts of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum to select the special cultural relics in the collection and tell the stories behind them, so that we will better understand the history and culture of Chongqing.

《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》，是三峽博物館“十大鎮(zhèn)館之寶”之一。此圖曾為清代鑒賞家李咸中所藏，抗戰(zhàn)前后流入川渝地區(qū)。

1952年，市民汪策致函西南博物院(三峽博物館前身)，請求該院出資購買《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》和《宋高宗欽賜詔書》。博物院當即以5000萬舊幣（現(xiàn)約人民幣5000元）買下這幅作品。

《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》經(jīng)啟功、謝稚柳、劉九庵等鑒定，一致認為是僅次于故宮《韓熙載夜宴圖》的精品，2005年，觀眾票選其為重慶中國三峽博物館“十大鎮(zhèn)館之寶”之一。

The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastyis one of the “Top Ten Treasures of the Museum” of Three Gorges Museum. This painting was once collected by connoisseur Li Xianzhong in Qing Dynasty and flew into Sichuan and Chongqing areas around the Anti-Japanese War.

In 1952, Wang Ce, a citizen, sent a letter to the Southwest Museum (the predecessor of the Three Gorges Museum), requesting the institution to purchaseThe Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming DynastyandImperial Edict Ordered by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. The museum promptly bought the work for 50 million in old currency (now about RMB 5,000).

The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastywhich was authenticated by Qigong, Xie Zhiliu, Liu Jiu'an successively, is taken unanimously as second only to theThe Banquet for Han Xizaistored in the Imperial Palace. In 2005, the audience regarded it as one of the “Treasures of the Museum” of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum by vote.

一段真實歷史的見證

The Witness to Real History

《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》·侍女稟告

《韓熙載夜宴圖》為南唐畫家顧閎中所作，現(xiàn)存宋摹本，絹本設(shè)色，寬28.7厘米，長335.5厘米，描繪了韓熙載家設(shè)夜宴載歌行樂的場面，現(xiàn)藏于北京故宮博物院。

韓熙載是五代時期南唐的臣子，后主李煜屢欲封他為相。而彼時南唐國勢日漸衰微，韓熙載對局勢早已絕望，便以聲色為韜晦之略，整日縱情聲色，以此逃避朝廷的任命。

李后主于是派顧閎中去韓府一探究竟。顧閎中憑著所觀察到的景象，將默記于心的夜宴全過程繪制成圖，通過“聽樂”“觀舞”“小憩”“清吹”“送別”五段場景，繪寫出一場完整的韓府夜宴全過程。

由于畫家與韓熙載同樣了解南唐的處境，理解主人公的苦衷，于是站在韓熙載的角度描繪了他在夜宴背景下郁郁寡歡的神態(tài)，細化了主人公在當時復雜心態(tài)下激烈的心理斗爭，深化了作品的內(nèi)涵。據(jù)說，李后主看了顧閎中畫的韓熙載，暫時放過了他。

Painted by Gu Hongzhong, a painter of the Southern Tang Dynasty,The Banquet of Han Xizaihas a facsimile created on the silk scroll in the Song Dynasty. The painting, 28.7cm wide and 335.5cm long,depicted the scene of banquet organized by Han Xizai.It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Han Xizai was a vassal of the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties Period, and Li Yu, the emperor of Southern Tang Dynasty wanted to appoint him as the prime minister. At that time,the power of the Southern Tang Dynasty gradually declined, and Han Xizai had long been in despair of the situation, so he hided his capacities and bide his time, indulged in music and sexuality all day long, in order to escape the appointment of the imperial court.

Then Li Yu sent Gu Hongzhong to Han Mansion find out what had happened. With his observations and his own imagination, Gu Hongzhong painted the entire course of the banquet which he had memorized. Through the “l(fā)istening to music”, “watching dance”, “rest”,“whistling” and “farewell”, the whole process of the banquet in Han Mansion was painted.

Since the painter and Han Zizai understood the situation of the Southern Tang Dynasty and understood the protagonist's difficulties, he depicted the depressed manner of Han Xizai under the background of the banquet from the perspective of Han Xizai, refined the protagonist's fierce psychological struggle under the complex mentality at that time, and deepened the connotation of the work. It is said that after seeing Han Zizai in the painting of Gu Hongzhong, Li Yu let off him for the time being.

才子與名畫的相逢

A Meeting between A Brilliant Scholar and A Famous Painting

《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》·聽琴

唐寅為什么要臨摹韓熙載的故事？這從他自題的兩首七言絕句中，或許可見端倪。

唐寅出生于蘇州一個普通家庭，16歲中蘇州府試第一，28歲中南直隸鄉(xiāng)試第一。然而第二年的進京會試，成了他一生的轉(zhuǎn)折點。29歲時，唐寅受到京城科場舞弊案的牽連，被黜為浙藩小吏。他以此為恥，堅決不去就職。失落之余，唐寅開始四處游蕩，縱情酒色，靠賣文鬻畫為生。

在《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》中，唐寅自題兩首七絕。第一首是：身當鉤局乏魚羹，預給長勞借水衡。廢盡千金收艷粉，如何不學耿先生。詩中“耿先生”指南唐的一位女道士，她曾被韓熙載的政敵宋齊丘推薦入宮，且深受李煜寵愛。唐寅借此問韓熙載：你為什么花那么多錢來偽裝奢靡、逃避任命，而不學耿先生入宮廷為國效力呢？由此感懷自己的身世境遇。

第二首是：梳成鴉鬢演新歌，院院燒燈擁翠娥。瀟灑心情誰得似，灞橋風雪鄭元和?！板睒蝻L雪”說的是唐代宰相鄭綮。他善于作詩，但不愿為名利所累，因而不常寫。別人問他“可有新詩否”，他回答“詩思在灞橋風雪中驢子上，此處何以得之”。而“鄭元和”這個人物則出自《太平廣記》之《李娃傳》，他身上有著雙重標簽：狀元和乞兒。鄭元和曾被寄予厚望，順利取得了入京會試的資格，卻因與煙花女子相戀，耽誤考期，流浪街頭賣唱。詩與畫的共同點是：賣唱、潦倒，韓熙載費盡千金將每月得到的俸祿分賞給蓄養(yǎng)的家伎們，而到了月底又穿著破衣爛衫賣著唱向家伎討錢；第二首詩中提到的鄭元和落魄之后，也賣唱于花柳巷中討錢度日。唐寅以此為切入點，勾連詩畫也觸動自己，感懷身世也與古人默默共鳴。最后又奮發(fā)讀書，考上了狀元。唐寅借鄭綮與鄭元和兩個人物抒發(fā)胸臆：我懷才不遇、落魄浪蕩，但我寫自己想寫的詩，畫自己愿意畫的畫。這或許就是唐寅不惜花費心力、臨摹這張工筆長卷的原因。

Why did Tang Yin copy Han Xizai's story? The clue may be found in two seven-word quatrains he wrote.

Tang Yin was born in a small citizen family in Suzhou. He passed the prefectural examination and ranked the first Suzhou Prefecture when he was 16 years old, and passed the provincial examination and ranked the first in South Zhili Province when he was 28 years old. The next year, however, he participated in the imperial examination, which became the turning point of his life. At the age of 29, Tang Yin was implicated in the malpractice of imperial examination in the Capital, and was deposed as a minor official of Zhejiang region. Ashamed of this, he resolutely refused to take office. After his loss, Tang Yin began to wander around, indulge oneself in wine and sensuality, and sell his paintings for a living.

InThe Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin wrote two seven-character quatrains. The first poem: I'm short of food in thus a situation in which everyone intrigues against each other and decide to borrow water from Changlao. Why not follow Mr. Geng because so much money has been spent on the luxury and dissipation life. “Mr. Geng”referred to a female Taoist in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was once recommended into the palace by Song Qiqiu, Han Xizai's political enemy, and loved by Li Yu. Tang Yin took this opportunity to ask Han Xizai: why did you spend so much money to disguise luxury, escape the appointment, but not serve for the country just as Mr. Geng did? From this, he recalled his life experience with emotion.

上：《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》·清吹

下：《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》·觀舞小憩

The second poem: The new song is being performed by female singers and the whole mansion is crowed with young ladies all the day long. Only Zheng Yuanhe can indulge in such natural and unrestrained environment. “Zheng Yuanhe” refers to Zheng Qi, prime minister in Tang Dynasty. He was good at poetry, but does not want to be weighed down by fame and fortune, so he dis not often write poems. Being asked whether he had any new poetry,he replied: “I have no new poems because the poem is located on the donkey of Zheng Qi.” “Zheng Yuanhe”, on the other hand, came fromthe Biography of Li Wa in the Extensive Recordsofthe Taiping Era. He carried a double label: Number One Scholar and Beggar. By being placed high hopes, Zheng Yuanhe successfully obtained the qualification to take part in the examination in the Capital, but missed the examination date and wandered the street because of falling in love with the girl in the whorehouse.The common ground between poetry and painting is singing and falling out，because Han Xizai spent a lot of money rewarding the family geisha with the monthly salary.Howerver，by the end of the month,he was wearing rags and selling songs to ask for money. Then，the second poem mentioned that after Zheng Yuan being defeated，he had to singing to make money .Tang Yin takes this as a starting point,touches himself with poetry and paintings and feeling the memory of life and silently resonating with the ancients.

At last, he studied hard, passed the exam and obtained the title of Number One Scholar. Tang Yin used two characters: Zheng Qi and Zheng Yuanhe to express his feelings: I was frustrated for all my talent and wandered the street, but I wrote the poems and drew the pictures I wanted. This may be the reason why Tang Yin spared no effort to copy this meticulous painting scroll by means of traditional Chinese realistic painting.

融入大量的明代元素

Integration of Elements in the Ming Dynasty

故宮本《韓熙載夜宴圖》長度為335.5厘米，而《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》長達548厘米。為何兩幅題材相同的畫，長度差異如此之大？

上：《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》·觀舞小憩

下：《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》·送別

故宮所藏《韓熙載夜宴圖》，一共分為5幕場景，唐寅臨本則在長卷開端增加了侍女稟告有客來臨的場景，往后才是聽琴、清吹、觀舞等高潮場面，卷末為小憩與送別，一共6幕。全卷像敘事詩一般，有起有伏、有張有弛。這些改動，使段落之間連接更合理、更完整。

此外，唐寅為了突出韓府的奢侈，除了在每段之間增加屏風和石盆栽為間隔外，又增繪了許多家具。比如，北京故宮本落地屏風為4件，而唐寅臨摹本卻多達14件。

《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》不僅是一件技法精湛的藝術(shù)作品，還是史學家研究明代文化的珍貴史料。唐寅摹本融入了大量明代元素，最具代表性的就是對家具結(jié)構(gòu)的改動，將原作中的桌椅雙棖（音同“城”），改為明代流行的單棖。在人物背后屏風上的寫意山水、花鳥等景物也處處透著 “吳門畫派”的清秀風貌。

The originalThe Banquet of Han Xizai in the Imperial Palacehas a length of 335.5 cm, but The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty has a length of 548cm. Why are two paintings with the same subjects so different in length?

The Banquet of Han Xizaiin the Palace has a total of five scenes. Tang Yin in Tang Dynasty added the scene in which a maid announces the arrival of a visitor at the beginning of the scroll, and then the scenes of listening to the music, whistling, watching the dance and other climax scene followed. The painting is ended with the scenes of rest and farewell, a total of six scenes. The whole scroll is like a narrative poem, with ups and downs, tension and relaxation. These changes make the connections between paragraphs more reasonable and complete.

In addition, in order to highlight the luxury of Han Mansion, Tang Yin added a lot of furniture in addition to adding screens and potted plants as the intervals. For example, the painting in the Palace Museum in Beijing has four floor screens, while there are as many as 14 screens in Tang Yin's painting.

The Banquet of Han XizaiFacsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty is not only a skillful work of art, but also a precious historical material for historians to study Ming culture. Tang Yin's facsimile incorporated a large number of elements in the Ming Dynasty , and the most representative one is the change of furniture structure. He changed the original work of double table and chair doorjambs (pronounced same as “cheng” in Chinese) into the single doorjamb popular in the Ming Dynasty. The enjoyable scenery and flowers and birds on the screen behind the figures are also full of comely style of “The Wumen Painting School”.

難得一見的“鎮(zhèn)館之寶”

Rare “Treasure of the Museum”

作為重慶中國三峽博物館“十大鎮(zhèn)館之寶”之一，《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》的展出次數(shù)寥寥可數(shù)：2005年，在重慶中國三峽博物館新館開館特展中，第一次面向公眾展示；10年后，在蘇州博物館主辦的“吳門四家”之“六如真如”唐寅特展上，第二次現(xiàn)身；2018年6月，《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》第三次亮相，成為“千人千面——重慶中國三峽博物館藏古代人物畫展”特展中的壓軸畫作之一。

在不展出的日子里，重慶中國三峽博物館對這幅畫做了精心的保護。專庫專人看護，還有專門的囊匣用以保存，庫房內(nèi)24小時恒溫恒濕，所以這幅畫品相很好。作為重慶中國三峽博物館的館藏之一，《明唐寅臨韓熙載夜宴圖》有500年歷史，有責任讓它傳承到下一個500年，再下一個500年。

As one of the “Top Ten Treasures of the Museum” in Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum,The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastyis rarely exhibited. In 2005, it was displayed to the public for the first time in the special opening exhibition of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum. Ten years later, it appeared for the second time in the special exhibition of “The Dream Life of Tang Yin” of “Four Masters of the Ming Dynasty”hosted by Suzhou Museum. In June 2018,The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastywas displayed for the third time, becoming one of the grand finale paintings in the special exhibition of “Thousands of Opinions - Ancient Figure Painting Exhibition Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum”.

On days when it is not on display, Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum has carefully preserved the painting. The painting is in good condition because it is under the special care of people in the warehouse and there is also special bag and box for storing it. The temperature and humidity in the warehouse are constant for 24 hours. As one of the collections of Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum，The Banquet of Han Xizai Facsimiled by Tang Yin in Ming Dynastyhas a history of 500 years, and we have the responsibility to pass it on to the next 500 years,and then next 500 years.