“曼谷雜種”
——因曼谷熱帶性而生的本土原型

查蓬·楚恩魯?shù)夏獱?Chatpong Chuenrudeemol

龐凌波 譯/Translated by PANG Lingbo

洪人杰 校/Proofread by HUNG Jenchieh

引言

“曼谷雜種”是曼谷城市所衍生的非常規(guī)建筑類(lèi)型，通常由隨處可見(jiàn)的廢棄物所搭建。它們并非富人使用的建筑，也并非由建筑學(xué)專(zhuān)家所設(shè)計(jì)；它們是自建自住的構(gòu)筑物、遮蔽所，由當(dāng)?shù)鼗蛲鈦?lái)的低收入工人所使用。這些構(gòu)筑物由平民老百姓基于生存條件親手建造，在像曼谷這樣繁忙的熱帶城市中，滿(mǎn)足求新求變的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和風(fēng)俗要求。典型的案例包括建筑工人住宅、違章市場(chǎng)、水邊棚屋、汽車(chē)旅館等等，諸如此類(lèi)。

在調(diào)查和記錄“曼谷雜種”的過(guò)程中，我試圖通過(guò)建筑講述一個(gè)鮮為人知的故事，揭開(kāi)曼谷建筑一個(gè)令我每日著迷不已、但從未在歷史文本或當(dāng)今媒體中講述的秘密。它將呈現(xiàn)作為一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)泰國(guó)粗鄙庸俗的觀察，部分仍保留了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)泰國(guó)的刻板印象，部分則揭露一些甚至可能令當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窀械襟@訝的現(xiàn)象。簡(jiǎn)而言之，這些案例調(diào)研是我的個(gè)人

Introduction

Bangkok Bastards are homegrown urban vernacular typologies, constructed and occupied by Bangkok's local castoffs. They are not buildings occupied by the wealthy or designed by the architectural elite. They are homegrown structures,sheltering and sustaining the lower-working class,both local and migrants. They are made by hand through necessary circumstances by regular people,fulfilling quirky and unusual social, economic,and climatic requirements always in demand in an untamed tropical city like Bangkok. Examples include construction worker houses, illegal markets,waterside shanties, sex motels, and many more of the like.

In surveying and documenting Bangkok Bastards, I tried to tell an untold story through architecture - to uncover a hidden constructed Bangkok that has fascinated me on a daily basis, but never been described anywhere in historical print or current media. It is an insider's perception ofThailand's notorious capital, one that upholds some typical Thai stereotypes, but also divulges some secrets that may surprise even some locals. In short,研究，每個(gè)案例都揭露了我的曼谷所獨(dú)有的一面。

“城市游牧者”講述的是一群有著流浪天性的族群的故事，他們?cè)跉v史上便有著面對(duì)不斷變化的自然（每年的洪水災(zāi)害）、政治（權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移和政變）和社會(huì)環(huán)境（泰國(guó)、中國(guó)、老撾、緬甸、柬埔寨、印度、西方之間的交融，文化、宗教和經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的動(dòng)蕩）移居和遷徙的傳統(tǒng)。

“城市兩棲者”講述的是一個(gè)曾將水作為商業(yè)、交通和日常生活重要組成部分，而如今卻在極端熱帶城市中努力化解大自然與城市化沖擊的城市的故事。

“混合填充”講述的是具有創(chuàng)造性和適應(yīng)力的一群人的故事。他們?cè)谶m應(yīng)和即興創(chuàng)造之間循環(huán)往復(fù)，以便應(yīng)對(duì)熱帶大都市的艱辛與挑戰(zhàn)。

“地下變色龍”講述的是一群樂(lè)觀而幸福的人的故事，他們勤懇工作，但同時(shí)也更加縱情享樂(lè)，甚至有時(shí)到了一種不可思議的極端狀態(tài)。these case studies are personal, each divulging some unique aspect of my Bangkok.

Urban Nomads tells the story of a people that are by nature are nomadic, historically adept at movement and migration in the face of continuallychanging natural (annual floods), political (rotating governance and political coups galore), and social contexts (a melting pot of cultures - Thai, Chinese,Lao, Burmese, Cambodian, Indian, Westerners - that continually change the cultural, religious, economic landscape).

Urban Amphibians tells the story of a city that once befriended water as a companion of commerce,transportation, and daily life, but now struggles to reconcile Mother Nature with the onslaught of urbanisation in an extreme tropical city.

Infill Hybrids tells the story of a creatively adaptive people, who adapt, improvise and riff in order to get through this life of hardships and challenges in the tropical metropolis.

Underground Chameleons tells the story of optimistic and happy people, who work hard, but play even harder, some times enjoying life to an unbelievable extreme.

不過(guò)，這些僅是已被研究和記錄的“曼谷雜種”的一部分。還有更多存在于我們的日常生活中。它們都具有頑強(qiáng)的生命力，使它們?cè)诳此撇豢神Z服的熱帶城市中成功駕馭了環(huán)境——這個(gè)環(huán)境不僅充滿(mǎn)了熱帶的炙熱和潮濕，還有塵土、噪音、污染、擁堵和窺探的眼睛。它們將展示面對(duì)復(fù)雜的城市環(huán)境下所衍生出的獨(dú)特設(shè)計(jì)策略，和為了制成新的輕型構(gòu)造、對(duì)城市自然演化下的剩余物和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)之余的廉價(jià)廢棄構(gòu)件的利用。

“曼谷雜種”將會(huì)揭示我的家鄉(xiāng)真實(shí)生活的迷人的一面。它們將教會(huì)我們?cè)跇O端的熱帶城市空間中生活的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它們生長(zhǎng)自城市，回應(yīng)赤道周邊的地域主義，并且形成了出乎意料的規(guī)模、形式和策略……“曼谷雜種”會(huì)使我們意識(shí)到嶄新的、野性的、極端的城市熱帶性的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)，并告訴我們?nèi)绾巫龅剑粌H能夠在這樣的環(huán)境中生存下來(lái)，更能夠繁榮生長(zhǎng)。

However, allof above are just some of the Bangkok Bastards that have been documented.Many more reveal themselves on a daily basis. They all demonstrate survival instincts that allow them to tame in the seemingly untamable tropical city -an environment filled not only with tropical heat,humidity, and dampness… but dust, noise, pollution,congestion, prying eyes. They will showcase unique strategies circulate air when wind movement is not so easily predicted in complex city block morphologies.They concoct new light tectonics, utilizing cheap,scavenged components made of both natural and industrial materials of the city.

Bangkok Bastards can not only reveal fascinating aspects of authentic life in my hometown, but also teach us invaluable lessons of living in an extreme urban tropical space. They are unique examples of city-grown, tropical responses to equatorial urbanism, and come in unexpected sizes,forms, and strategies… Bangkok Bastards can make us aware of the brutal reality of the new, untamed,extreme urban tropicality, and show us how to how to not only survive, but to thrive, in such an environment.