布拉柴維爾體育中心，布拉柴維爾，剛果

建筑設計：PTW建筑事務所

Architect: PTW Architects

1 體育中心全景/Aerial view of the whole sports centre

布拉柴維爾體育中心為剛果舉辦11屆全非運動會而建，由國家全力投資，通過公開招標征集優(yōu)秀方案。2012年，PTW建筑事務所的 “陽光切割巨石”方案在國際競賽中獲勝, 并接受委托進行全程設計。這組規(guī)模宏大的體育設施從設計到建成使用，僅3年時間。

規(guī)劃上，田徑訓練場和足球訓練場布置在主體育場西北方向，與檢錄處結(jié)合，便于賽前熱身與檢錄。沿場地主要道路向北，地勢逐漸高起，行政區(qū)、運動員村和附屬配套設施沿等高線層層坐落在緩坡上。游客中心、媒體中心、物流中心靠近主要場館，便于賽時觀眾服務及媒體工作。行政樓為賽時組委會和賽后管理用房使用。直升機停機坪設在行政樓東側(cè)，滿足貴賓交通需求。主體育場一層東側(cè)設計為停車場，各館后院區(qū)域均設置有停車場，運動員村分區(qū)設置停車位，滿足賽事賽后停車要求。設計中還考慮了在緊急狀態(tài)下VIP的疏散，主導人流的分散疏散通道，消防和安保迅速反應的可能性，避免人流、車流擁擠產(chǎn)生瓶頸。

在體育館的設計中，沒有采取國內(nèi)常見的大平臺交通解決方案，而是減少首層進深，將通道設計為半室外空間，通道兩端外門采用開放式格柵門，將對流空氣引入走廊，并采用多通道布局，數(shù)條走道雙向貫穿首層平面，僅在房間內(nèi)部采用空調(diào)，增加自然通風，減少空調(diào)負荷。首層走廊對大廳形成補風，觀眾席后部采用可調(diào)百葉，大廳頂部采用可開啟采光窗，形成空間的空氣對流。這樣做的目的是可以在重要的比賽和集會時采用中央空調(diào)，而日常的比賽和活動不開空調(diào)。

在體育場的平面設計上，限于剛果國情，賽后運營沒有大量的商業(yè)面積需求，因此首層僅西側(cè)布置必要的賽事用房，其他部分按停車場布置，不設外墻，基本為半室外空間，同時為改善內(nèi)環(huán)道采光和通風條件，在內(nèi)環(huán)道的頂部開設大量開口通向室外。立面設計采用多角度的格柵，解決觀眾休息平臺的遮陽和通風，同時將空氣通過觀眾入口引入內(nèi)場，提升觀眾的舒適度?！?/p>

2 設計概念草圖/Concept sketch

3 總平面/Site plan

The Stade Municipal de Kintélé, designed by PTW Architects, was completed for 2015 Africa Games.

The main stadium can hold up to 60,055 people on three continuous tiers around the field and running track. The project includes 58,000 regular seats in national colours and 1,180 VIP seats (524 of which are in the central presidential lounge).The athlete and office infrastructure will be housed in the massive concrete main structure, which will be then topped by a 8,000-ton steel roof. Covered with aluminum-magnesium "golden" sheets, the roof will reach a peak of 50.7m.

Project objectives:

· Create an arena that can be recognised globally for its world-class design, ecological features and international standard sport facilities;

· Provide well-equipped, full-facility venues and logistical areas for the African Games;

· Improve the overall impression and image of the city's iconic buildings;

· Create appropriate premises where public culture, sport, interaction and leisure activities can be enriched for the inhabitants

· Create premises that perpetuates and develops traditional culture.

It was important the building improve the overall impression and image of Brazzaville as a city and the Republic of the Congo as a country.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/ Client: 剛果共和國政府/The Republic of Congo

建筑面積/ GFA: 353,500m2

最大建筑高度/ Height: 50.7m

座席數(shù)量/ Seat Amount: 足球場60,000座，體育場10,000座，水上中心2,000座/60000 (Main Stadium), 10000 (Gym), 2000 (Swimming center)

設計/竣工/ Design /Completion : 2012/2015

4 體育場外景/ Exterior view of stadium

5 體育場鳥瞰/Aerial view of stadium

6 體育場內(nèi)景/Interior view of stadium

7.8 體育場剖面/Sections of stadium

9 體育場看臺下方入口及標識/Entrance below seating area

10 體育場罩棚下的觀眾平臺/Audience platform below canopy

11 體育場剖面三維模型/3D model of stadium section

12 綜合體育館立面細部/Facade detail of gymnasium

13 表皮單元的通風設計/Ventilation

14 坡道空間充分考慮了氣候因素與自然通風/Rampway designed for natural ventilation in local climate

評論

何可人：通過該項目的官方說明首先可以看到來自亞洲和澳洲的建筑師對于非洲文化的解讀，體育場的造型以太陽為靈感，金色，金黃色和色彩鮮艷的格柵則是代表了非洲大地。然而，如此大規(guī)模項目的建造和設計的速度之快，又處在工業(yè)不甚發(fā)達的非洲，建造施工的難度應當是可想而知。難能可貴的是批判性地學習并利用當?shù)氐募夹g和智慧，因地制宜地在可能的情況下盡量考慮被動式自然通風的設計和遮陽的重要性, 可以看作是地域主義的設計趨向。

艾俠：不論對澳洲或是中國建筑師，跑到萬里之外的非洲做設計都需要不小的毅力。剛果布拉柴維爾體育中心是承辦非洲運動會的重要設施，也是國際合作的一次結(jié)晶，是PTW與CCDI第一次在海外合作完成的大型建筑集群。剛果是熱帶草原氣候，大型集會多在旱季舉行，電力供應相應緊張，設計必須在氣候和造價上給予雙重回應。PTW的設計減少了首層進深，將通道設計為半室外空間，兩端外門采用開放式格柵門，將對流空氣引入走廊，立面的多角度格柵解決了休息平臺的遮陽通風，這一系列措施為不發(fā)達國家因地制宜地實現(xiàn)標志性建筑提供了新的范例。

Comments

HE Keren: First of all, through this project's official narratives we can see the perception of African culture from the eyes of Asian and Australian architects. It is said that the design of the form for the stadium is inspired by the sun and the bright, gold and orange color louvers represents the African land. While this large-scaled and complicated project has built extremely quickly in such area with low industrial development. We can imagine the difficulty it faces in terms of construction and design. It is quite wonderful for the designers to critically learn and adopt from the regional wisdom and technique. For instance, it values as much as possible for passive ventilation and shading devices, which considered being regionalism approach all around.

AI Xia: Whether for Australian or Chinese architects, it takes a lot of perseverance to perform architectural design in Africa thousands of kilometers away. The Brazzaville Sports Centre in Congo, as an important facility for hosting African Games, is the first huge complex completed through the cooperation between PTW Architects and CCDI overseas. Under the control of tropical savanna climate, Congo normally organizes its large events during the dry season, when the power supply becomes tight correspondingly; with this in mind, the design has to take into account both climate and cost. The design of PTW Architects reduces the ground floor inmost depth, and takes the passage as a semioutdoor space, where the outer doors on both ends are open grilled ones that introduce convection air into the corridor. The multi-angle grille of facade offers excellent sun shading and ventilation for rest platform. These measures provide a novel example for designing landmark buildings in underdeveloped countries depending on local conditions.

15 綜合體育館/Exterior view of gymnasium