澳洲皇家植物園改建，悉尼，澳大利亞

建筑設(shè)計：PTW建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: PTW Architects

The Calyx（意為“花萼”，即包在花朵最外層的綠色被片）位于悉尼皇家植物園“地下宮殿花園”的最南端，由PTW建筑事務(wù)所與景觀設(shè)計事務(wù)所CoCRAM，McGregor Coxall合作完成。

作為慶祝悉尼皇家植物園200周年慶典場所，它既強調(diào)植物本身，也重視人文環(huán)境。古典涼亭，花圃和綠茵隧道，這座擁有18,000多株植物的室內(nèi)垂直花園，將原植物園內(nèi)的金字塔溫室和弧形溫室設(shè)計改造成為全新的展覽中心。

每6～9個月，其智能且高度敏感建筑表皮開始自我更新，作為南半球體量最大的綠色幕墻，這種重塑自我的能力也使The Calyx一躍成為了悉尼標志性的存在，由此獲名“花園中的寶石”。

此次花園的改造也將重點放在了創(chuàng)造建筑與環(huán)境及建筑與人的和諧關(guān)系上。為兼具美學(xué)價值及文化教育目的，花園設(shè)想以博物館的方式陳述植物的科學(xué)發(fā)展與歷史，伸縮墻使空間的布局更加靈活，由此也為皇家植物園開展園藝展覽、研究和演講自由調(diào)整空間大小提供了便利。

技術(shù)上，PTW 與工程專家和服務(wù)顧問緊密合作，積極參與混合系統(tǒng)的推演、協(xié)商和交付。該系統(tǒng)利用了天然浮力“煙囪”效應(yīng)、遮光以及應(yīng)對多種環(huán)境條件的機械干預(yù)方法。采用低位空氣流通 （至人員活動區(qū)域）和高位可控遮光柵格和窗戶，實現(xiàn)了溫室內(nèi)的自然通風(fēng)。

這座建筑物最精彩、最具視覺沖擊力的元素就是全新的“虹膜”結(jié)構(gòu)：從很遠就能看到這部分具有超高辨識度的環(huán)形鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，兼具了門廊、教育和零售空間功能，在夜晚又可變成活動空間，通過使用伸縮墻讓展覽和活動空間合二為一?！?/p>

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Cockram Construction

景觀設(shè)計/Landscape Architect: McGregor Coxall建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 2,000m2

建筑高度/Building Height: 13m

設(shè)計/竣工時間/Design/Completion: 2014/2016攝影/Photos: John Gollings

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 草圖/Sketch

3 通風(fēng)示意圖/Ventilation mode

4 遠景/Exterior perspective

5 外景/Exterior view

6 入口/Entrance

7 平面/Plan

8 改造步驟示意圖/Construction steps

9 綠植生態(tài)/Horticultural display

Located at the southern end of the Lower Palace Garden, the redevelopment of the site provides a new way of displaying plants. The Calyx, was part of a major refurbishment of 1988 Arc Greenhouse designed by Ancher Mortlock and Woolley. The design of The Calyx builds on the geometry established by the Arc Glasshouse to create an integrated space with indoor and outdoor areas for horticultural exhibitions. The flexibility of this redevelopment supports imaginative horticultural displays and cultural events within Australia's oldest botanic gardens – the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney – the most beautiful garden of national historic significance.

The design sets out to use a language you would expect in a garden - arbour, green house, flowerbeds and garden sheds but in a way that recognises its context in Sydney's front garden with significant neighbours.

The horticultural display, research and education centre designed for the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney formed the special centrepiece of the Garden's 200th birthday in 2016. Coined 'a jewel in the Garden' for its elevated position and sense of arrival, The Calyx is envisioned as an iconic but serene addition to the Gardens as a whole.

Built at the site of the Arc Greenhouse in the Garden, the intelligent and sensitive architecture of The Calyx was designed for it to reinvent itself through emotive and informative exhibitions (that change every six to nine months).

Won by a design competition, PTW worked with Cockram Construction and McGregor Coxall to design this highly flexible building. The team used the existing elements of the Arc, originally designed and constructed in 1987 by Australian architect, Ancher Mortlock and Woolley, whilst retaining the extraordinary design quality, integrity and innovation of the existing structure

The circular component of the project, which spatially defines the entry, is made from a series of steel frames that open out in a radial shape towards the sky, much like the face of an open bloom.

PTW worked closely with specialist fa?ade engineers, sub-contractors and the client group to design and coordinate a glazed building system that combines operable and fixed elements, provides visual permeability and performance elements to suit complex interfaces in new and refurbished zones.

Working closely with specialist engineering and services consultants, Jacobs, PTW Architects actively participated in the evolution, negotiation and delivery of a hybrid system that takes advantage of natural buoyancy "chimney" effects, shading and mechanical intervention for a variety of environmental conditions. An opportunity for natural ventilation within the greenhouse is realised by low-level supply air to the occupied zones, while operable louvres and windows located on the high level exhaust the heated air.□

評論

何可人：這個造型奇特的花房實則由兩個部分組成，南側(cè)弧形的玻璃花房是原來的結(jié)構(gòu)，經(jīng)過大規(guī)模改造，而現(xiàn)在環(huán)形的區(qū)域曾經(jīng)是1970年代設(shè)計的一個金字塔玻璃花房，拆除后在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了環(huán)形的元素，環(huán)形的一半是展示空間，而另一半是開放的室外空間。相比較原來的金字塔，這個新的加建和原來的弧形花房形成更自然的連接，并且使得室內(nèi)外在綠色的環(huán)境下連成一體。植物園花房的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計和其他公共文化類建筑相類似，對多功能的人文環(huán)境需求與以前大不相同，除了植物本身的技術(shù)性條件要求，增強教育和文化的功能，可持續(xù)性地容納訪客和未來多種多樣的相關(guān)活動，最終目的是提供人們與自然環(huán)境親近的氛圍。

王楨棟：悉尼皇家植物園是一處完全向居民和游客開放的“城市綠洲”。1988年，澳大利亞著名建筑師肯·伍利設(shè)計建造了一座金字塔式的玻璃屋，但出于植物種植環(huán)境不理想以及游客安全因素的雙重考慮，2013年悉尼市政管理部門決定將其拆除改建。PTW事務(wù)所設(shè)計的Calyx就是在原址基礎(chǔ)上建造的一座全新的、更加開放、更加符合植物培育和園藝展陳的公共空間?？赡苁浅鲇跉v史的原因，建筑的形態(tài)采用比較正統(tǒng)的幾何圓形，溫室部分的空間容納了數(shù)量驚人的4萬株植物，設(shè)計考慮了溫度、日照、多樣化的植物生長條件，精巧的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和透明起伏的玻璃頂棚，暗示著植物科學(xué)研究的進步，以及作為城市景觀的引力。

Comments

HE Keren: This strange-looking glasshouse consists of two parts. The arc shape on the south is the refurbished part that designed by the legendary Australian architect Ken Woolley; the current donut shape part is the new design that built on the basis of a 1970s' pyramid glasshouse that was torn down. Half of the donut pavilion is exhibition space, while the other half is outdoor open space. Comparing to the original pyramid, this new addition fits better to the arc glasshouse, and creates more fluent circulation between outdoor and indoor environment. Speaking of modern design of observatory, like all other public culturally-related architecture, the criteria are very different from what was before. In addition to displaying plants, space that can host multi-functional public activities and events become a vital feature to be considered in design. Education and sustainability are also the common agenda to address the relationship between human and the nature.

WANG Zhendong: The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney is an "urban oasis" completely open to residents and visitors. In 1988, the famous Australian architect Ken Woolley designed and built a pyramidal glass house; however, due to the unsatisfactory planting environment and the safety of tourists, the Sydney municipal administration decided to demolish and rebuild it in 2013. The Calyx designed by PTW Architects is a completely new and more open public space for plant cultivation and horticultural display on the original site. It may be for historical reasons that the form of the building adopts a more orthodox geometric circular. The greenhouse contains a surprising number of forty thousand plants, with the temperature, sunshine and diverse plant growth conditions taken into account in design. In addition, the exquisite steel structure and transparent glass ceiling with ups and downs suggest the progress of research in plant science and its attraction as an urban landscape.

10 廊道/Interior passageway