汽車(chē)站與火車(chē)站，布雷達(dá)，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：科恩·范·維爾森建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Look down from above

省級(jí)城市布雷達(dá)歷史悠久且雄心勃勃。盡管如此，這座城市仍介于兩種狀態(tài)之間，其都市區(qū)域正處于緩慢增長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)。對(duì)于那些希望在比利時(shí)與荷蘭開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)的公司來(lái)說(shuō)，布雷達(dá)是這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的理想落腳點(diǎn)。此外，該市還提供區(qū)域交通服務(wù)以及連接國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高速鐵路。建筑師科恩·范·維爾森用這座毗鄰市中心的全新巨大樞紐站提升了城市面貌。該車(chē)站建于火車(chē)軌道和區(qū)域汽車(chē)站之上。

該車(chē)站擁有兩面：其紀(jì)念性的一側(cè)面向城市中心，透過(guò)站臺(tái)的巨型窗戶可眺望城市美景；另一側(cè)更為實(shí)用，設(shè)有汽車(chē)站、可容納720輛汽車(chē)的停車(chē)場(chǎng)出入口、帶屋頂?shù)男÷?，享有開(kāi)闊的視野。這一側(cè)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注更廣闊的區(qū)域，展現(xiàn)了外部世界。這座綜合體包含了住宅樓、辦公樓和購(gòu)物中心，顯得復(fù)雜卻井然有序。乘客不僅可以輕松找到目的地，還能夠四處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。望向遠(yuǎn)處，清晰的視野將引導(dǎo)你前往目的地。不同的樓層留有空間和中庭，草木可在此生長(zhǎng)。

飾有圖案和紋理的墻面展現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)的變遷，仿佛是施工留下的痕跡。釉面磚模仿了框架零件、砂漿結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)特的石材比例和顏色變化。□ （呂德·布勞韋斯 文，王單單 譯）

3 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Provincial city Breda has a rich history and high ambitions. Still, the city falls between two stools,slowly growing into a bigger metropolitan area. For companies that are looking to start operations in both Belgium and the Netherlands, Breda is an ideal place almost right between these two countries.Furthermore, the city offers regional transport services and a high-speed railway connection to the international network. Architect Koen van Velsen lifts Breda's urban appearance with this new extensive station terminal adjacent to the city centre, built over the train tracks and the regional bus station.

The terminal has two faces. Its monumental side looks to the city centre, offering a large window from the platforms with a view of the city. The other, more practical side includes the bus station,the entrance and exit to the parking deck with room for 720 cars, roofed pathways and a grand view. This side focuses on the broader region and brings to life the area behind-the-track. Within the complex, there are residential buildings, offices and a shopping mall which all together create structure,as well as complexity. You can easily find your way around, but there is also plenty to experience. A glance into the distance and the clear views will guide you. On different levels, voids and atriums are created where trees can grow.

Patterned and textured wall surfaces express design changes as if they were construction traces.Glazed bricks simulate frame parts, mortar patterns,unusual stone proportions and colour changes. □(Text by Ruud Brouwers, Translated from Dutch by Li-Anne Krol, Proofread by Rens van Hedel)

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 二層平面/1st floor plan

6 六層平面/5st floor plan

7 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

唐康碩：在荷蘭，大多數(shù)城市的規(guī)模都不大并且城市之間聯(lián)系緊密，因此，有相當(dāng)一部分比例的職場(chǎng)人士依靠鐵路通勤，火車(chē)站需要有像大型地鐵站一樣的高效率，以及餐飲、零售等必要的附屬功能。近年來(lái)，由于以公共交通為導(dǎo)向的規(guī)劃和開(kāi)發(fā)趨勢(shì)逐漸興起，荷蘭很多原本小而精的城市火車(chē)站也開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)變。

布雷達(dá)車(chē)站綜合體是一個(gè)超大型的城市公共建筑，它就像一個(gè)空降的城鎮(zhèn)一樣，容納了城市火車(chē)站、汽車(chē)站、辦公、零售商業(yè)和城市公寓等多種復(fù)合的功能空間。這個(gè)城市綜合體采取了一種多孔的空間組織方式來(lái)消解龐大的建筑體量，通過(guò)建筑內(nèi)部的層層挑空帶來(lái)陽(yáng)光和空間的重疊滲透。綜合體建筑內(nèi)部也形成了多個(gè)室內(nèi)外廣場(chǎng)和公共空間開(kāi)放給城市使用，同時(shí)還提供了一條新的人行路徑，連接布雷達(dá)的老城和新城區(qū)。

此外，建筑的外立面也試圖用一種折中的方式回應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匚拿}，從而拉近巨型尺度建筑和原有城市的關(guān)系：建筑師選用了荷蘭最廣泛使用的紅磚作為外立面材料，并通過(guò)磚的色彩變化和一系列藝術(shù)化拼接處理來(lái)模擬布雷達(dá)老城區(qū)許多建筑立面上因修復(fù)或者填補(bǔ)窗洞而留下的時(shí)間痕跡。

和馬町：對(duì)于一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的交通樞紐而言，不同尋常的材料選擇，使其像一座新磚砌堡壘矗立在布雷達(dá)這座省會(huì)城市的中心。布雷達(dá)原本就是一座堡壘城市，其磚砌城墻的歷史可以追溯到16世紀(jì)中葉。然而，和過(guò)去企圖使用磚墻將游客隔離、保障城內(nèi)居民安全的目的不同，如今這座磚砌“堡壘”變成了開(kāi)放、通透和具有吸引力的場(chǎng)所，扭轉(zhuǎn)了人們對(duì)這種類(lèi)型建筑的印象。

位于堡壘中的該設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目以交通為導(dǎo)向開(kāi)發(fā)（TOD），兼顧公共、商業(yè)和私人空間，巨大的體量中點(diǎn)綴采光井和中庭空間，車(chē)站的頂棚則巧妙地兼作停車(chē)場(chǎng)。

盡管尺度龐大——尤其是與周邊的住宅建筑相比較，該建筑卻十分宜人。設(shè)計(jì)沒(méi)有采取典型的工業(yè)化的、高科技的當(dāng)代交通設(shè)施的方式，而是在對(duì)項(xiàng)目周邊環(huán)境的城市肌理進(jìn)行分析以后，建筑師決定通過(guò)多種磚材拼作表皮的手法，與所在城市地域相協(xié)調(diào)。這種選擇，輔以合宜的比例，立面和屋頂?shù)拈_(kāi)敞，跨越樓層、屋頂、整個(gè)站臺(tái)乃至瞭望城市的視線，使這個(gè)受人矚目的建筑獲得一種賓至如歸之感，既形象鮮明，又與這座城市和城市的氣質(zhì)相契合。（龐凌波 譯）

8 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Comments

TANG Kangshuo:In the Netherlands, most cities are not big and are closely connected. Therefore, a considerable proportion of workers rely on railway for commuting, and railway stations need the same efficiency as large subway stations, as well as the necessary subsidiary functions such as catering and retailing. In recent years, due to the rising trend of public transport-oriented planning and development,many small and concentrated urban railway stations in the Netherlands have also begun to change.

The Breda Station Complex is a super large urban public building. Like an airborne town, it accommodates a variety of complex functional spaces,such as urban railway station, bus station, office, retail business and urban apartment. This urban complex uses a porous spatial organisation to dissolve the huge volume of building, and the layers of void within the building to bring sunlight and the overlapping and infiltration of space. A number of indoor and outdoor squares and public spaces have also been formed within the complex open for urban use, and a new pedestrian path has been provided to connect the old and new urban areas of Breda.

In addition, the exterior facades of the buildings are also trying to respond to the local context in a compromised way, thus bring closer the relationship between the mega-scale building and the original city:the architects chose red bricks, the most widely used material in the Netherlands, as the exterior facade materials, and simulated the time traces left by repairs or filling windows on many of the architecture facades in the old districts of Breda, through the color changes and a series of artistic stitching treatments of bricks.(Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

Martijn de Geus:Unusual choice of materials for a modern transport hub, it's like a new brick fortress in the centre of the provincial city of Breda. Breda has been a fortified city in itself, with brick city walls dating back to the mid–16th century. However,whereas in the past these fortifications where brick walls meant to keep visitors out, and inhabitants safe,the new brick fortress is an open, airy and inviting twist on the brick fortress archetype.

The program inside this fortress is very TOD-based (Transit Oriented Development), with an eclectic mix of public, commercial and private areas, with light wells and courtyards puncturing the large volume, with the station roof cleverly doubling as the car park.

And despite it's massive scale, especially compared to the immediate single family houses surrounding it,the presence of the building is very pleasant. Rather than the typical industrial, high-tech contemporary transport infrastructure hype, after an analysis of textures in the project's context the architects decided to use the material quality of various brick surfaces to mix in with the genius loci of the town. This choice,together with the elegant proportions, the large openings in the facade and roof, view lines that span across floors, through the roof, over station platforms as well as into the city, makes this a recognizable place to come home to, that gives identity to, and fits with the identity of, the city of Breda.

9 內(nèi)景/Interior views

10 內(nèi)景/Interior views

11 細(xì)部/Detail

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: ProRail, Utrecht with NS, Utrecht and the city of Breda, Breda

主持建筑師，城市規(guī)劃，景觀設(shè)計(jì)，室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Architect,Urban Planner, Landscape Architect, Interior Architect:Koen van Velsen Architecten: Koen van Velsen Architecten

參與方/Contributors: Jef Adegeest, Chris Arts, Cas Bollen,Gerrie Bekhuis, Frank Beurskens, Erik-Jan van Dalfsen,Rob van Dam, Ilona Deymann, Sanne Eekel, Steven van der Heijden, Jeroen Helder, Ferdy Holtkamp, Bart Jan Hopman,Swana Jacobs, Niek van Laere, Marjo Langbroek, Wouter Laros, Roel van Lent, Annemarie Magré, Thierry Meijers,Ferdjan v.d Pijl, Josse Popma, Gero Rutten, Martijn van Sluijters, Jan Willem ter Steege, Wessel Steenhuis, Jolan Sterenborg, Jeroen Spit, Maikel Supèr, Violette van Velsen,Niels Westmeijer, Marco van Zal

城市規(guī)劃/Urban Planner: Koen van Velsen

設(shè)計(jì)及竣工時(shí)間/Design and Completion: 2004 – 2016

承包商/Contractor: Ballast Nedam, Nieuwegein with Hurks,Eindhoven

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Royal HaskoningDHV,Rotterdam

服務(wù)及建筑物理顧問(wèn)/Building Services Consultant,Building Physics: Royal HaskoningDHV, Rotterdam with Movares, Utrecht

建筑物理、消防及聲學(xué)/Building Physics, Fire Safety,Acoustics: LPB|Sight, Nieuwegein

施工管理/Construction Management: ProRail, Utrecht with MJB Groep, Maastricht

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Designer: Koen van Velsen architects,Hilversum

景觀設(shè)計(jì)師/Landscape Architect: Koen van Velsen architects, Hilversum

藝術(shù)家/Artist: John Kormeling

總基地面積/Gross Floor Area:119,212m2

可租售面積/Lettable Floor Area: 18,196m2（辦公區(qū)/offices）

繪圖/Drawings: Koen van Velsen Architecten

攝影/Photos: René de Wit (fig.1,3,7-11), Rene Vegter (fig.2)