持續(xù)到設計最終的原則

呂德·布勞韋斯/Ruud Brouwers

戴安娜·貝福德 荷譯英/Translated from Dutch by Dianna Beaufort

陳雨瀟 英譯中/Translated from English by CHEN Yuxiao

一覽卡恩建筑事務所的作品，你會發(fā)現，盡管他們的作品中經常會出現時而秩序井然，時而抽象的柱廊，但他們的標志性風格并不是通過特定形狀或形式的語匯被定義,而是從其關于建筑的堅定信念中被解讀。他們所演奏的建筑總譜，總是既用到一系列的音符，而又不失去功能性的和諧。由一個項目受到啟發(fā)，卡恩建筑事務所在保有對環(huán)境背景關注的同時，一個達到共識且經久不衰的理念應運而生：不要用建筑的琴鍵彈奏出不和諧的音符，而是呈現出一個清晰的韻律，既功能完備同時又旋律動聽。

兩個迥異的項目闡釋了這一點。同樣尚在建造中的新阿姆斯特丹法院和阿姆斯特丹史基浦機場的新航站樓，展示出了成功設計作品背后明晰的概念基礎。項目的外觀可能不同，但是它們有著相同的崇高內涵。它們在一起共同樹立了一個充滿意義的建筑典范，并對建筑文化的論述做出了貢獻。

阿姆斯特丹史基浦機場航站樓

這個新的航站樓預計將于2023年開放，每年會有1400萬名乘客到達于此并在此出發(fā)?？ǘ鹘ㄖ聞账c西班牙Lamela工作室和Ineco，以及ABT、DGMR、Arnout Meijer工作室和Planeground，同在一個名為KL AIR的聯合企業(yè)中運作。在國際競標中，卡恩所投標的設計，在所有的判定標準上都得分最高。

航站樓大廳的設計以乘客本身為關注的核心，這既包括個人體驗的關注,也包括對人群承載力的考量。離境旅客對整體總覽、充足采光、定位簡便性及空間寬敞性的需求得到了保證。但同樣地，也為到達的旅客提供了一個舒適、寬敞、滿足視野和身體舒適度的環(huán)境。

位于大廳中央的是一個高起且寬闊的平臺。出境旅客往上方走去，而那些揮手送別的人則會停留在下方。在平臺上，旅客們將驚嘆于航站樓寬敞的空間，和玻璃幕墻外的景色——最初是陸地的景色，然后看到天空，以及空中的飛機和圩田上方大片的荷蘭天空。在自動行李托運和登機手續(xù)辦理之后是安全檢查區(qū)域。溫暖的木制家具，充裕的陽光，以及兩個郁郁蔥蔥的采光井，為安檢過程的執(zhí)行帶來了一種更加輕松的氣氛。

航站樓的氣氛很大程度上受到光線的影響，并決定了旅客、地勤人員等使用者對空間的感受。航站樓中央通高部分的天花板/屋頂有一個180m×150m的“眼睛”，透出白天的天光和夜晚的星空，讓旅客能夠感受到一天內時間的變化。

阿姆斯特丹法院

法院以一種富于表現力的建筑語言展示并支持著民主法治。這是一個向公眾開放且引人入內的建筑，同時也是一個頗具威嚴的機構。該建筑恰當地體現了“司法體系是一項公共事務，而法院的裁決具有權威性”。

法律的公共屬性是指導該建筑設計及其建造和維護的最必要且一致的原則。訪客們在毫無瑕疵的整潔環(huán)境中受到歡迎。這很重要，因為大多數訪客——即便不是全部——也都不是為了好玩而來的。因此，一個寧靜而寬敞的環(huán)境、具有美感的材料和顏色、視野開闊的休息室和使人感到受尊重的空間，都對營造輕松的氛圍有著重要作用。

中央大廳是法院后側空間概念的范例——充足的陽光，既提供監(jiān)管又保證視線通透的開放性，還有新式的商務裝修風格。地板和墻壁都使用了與入口區(qū)和前院相同的石材貼面。左右兩棟包括律師室和聽證室的法院大樓，構成了一個均衡的整體。兩棟建筑的四層樓均部分向中庭開放。宏偉的封閉式花園里中間偏右的位置是自動扶梯，樹間放置有雕塑。

法院前的空地呈現出對城市的開放姿態(tài)。透過外立面纖細的柱廊，人們對在露天廣場上可以一覽無余地看到法庭的公共區(qū)域。一個斜坡和幾步臺階提供了通往廣場的通道。廣場水池的反射面以及花草相伴的長凳邀請人們在此休憩，駐足停留?！?/p>

1 阿姆斯特丹史基浦機場航站樓外景/Exterior view of the Amsterdam airport schiphol terminal

2 夜景/Night view

3 內景/Interior view

Looking at the oeuvre of KAAN Architecten,one sees that their signature style should be read in terms of a conviction regarding architecture, rather than through a vocabulary of shapes or patterns,even though a sleek, sometimes abstracted,colonnade often makes an appearance in their work.The architectural score that played always makes use of a range of notes without losing the functional harmony. Inspired by a project, and while remaining aware of the context, they come to a concept that thrives under consistency: playing the keys not into dissonance, but achieving a clear cadence that is at once functional and melodious.

Two very different projects illustrate the point. The new Amsterdam Courthouse and the new terminal at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol,both under construction, show a clear conceptual foundation that has fed a successful design. Their appearances may be different, but they share the same noble character and together they exemplify an architecture imbued with meaning and contribute to the discourse on the culture of building.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Terminal

A new terminal for the arrival and departure of 14 million passengers a year is set to open in 2023. KAAN Architecten is working in a consortium called KL AIR, with Estudio Lamela and Ineco from Spain and with ABT, DGMR, Arnout Meijer Studio and Planeground. KAAN's design submission to the international competition scored the most points on all criteria.

The design of the terminal concourse takes the passengers themselves as the central point of concern, whether as individuals or in a crowd capacity. Overview, daylight, ease of navigation and spaciousness are guaranteed for departing passengers, but equally, passengers arriving are given a pleasant, spacious environment with views and physical comforts.

Positioned centrally in the hall is a wide plateau.Outbound passengers are taken up and those waving them off remain below. From the plateau,travellers are surprised by the generous space of the terminal and by the views through the high glazed facades, initially views of the landside and then the airside with its aeroplanes and big Dutch skies over the polder. After the automated baggage handling and check-in are the security checks. Warm wooden furnishings, direct daylight and views of two large light wells filled with lush greenery ensure a more relaxed atmosphere for the security protocols.

The terminal's atmosphere is strongly influenced by the light and determines how users like travellers and ground staffs feel about the space. The ceiling/roof of the high central part of the terminal has an "oculus" measuring 180 by 150 metres, letting daylight and night skies in and allowing passengers to experience all times of the day.

Amsterdam Courthouse

The Courthouse showcases and supports the democratic rule of law, and does so in an eloquent architectural language. It is an inviting building open to the public and simultaneously a distinguished institution. The architecture expresses that jurisprudence is a public affair and the court's rulings are authoritative.

The public nature of law was the most imperative and consistent principle to guide the design of this building and its construction and maintenance. Visitors are impeccably welcomed into a tidy environment. This is important because most of the visitors, if not all, are not here for fun. So a calming, spacious environment,beautiful materials and colours, foyers with views and spaces that treat one with respect significantly contribute to a sense of ease.

The central hall is the epitome of the spatial concept behind the Courthouse: generous with daylight, an openness that provides oversight and sightlines, and stylishly business-like. The floors and walls are clad in the same stone that is found in the entrance zone and forecourt. The two courtroom buildings, left and right, that include counsel and hearing chambers, form a balanced composition for the whole. The floors of the four storeys in both buildings partially open up to atriums. Right of centre, the escalator is set against the backdrop of a magnificent enclosed garden with sculptures set among trees.

The forecourt of the Courthouse is a generous gesture to the city. Between the slender columns of the front facade, the open square offers unhindered views of the public area of the courtrooms. A ramp and some steps provide access to the square. The reflective surface of the square pool and the benches with flowers and plants alongside invite people to rest and stay a while.□

4 阿姆斯特丹法院外景/Exterior view of the Amsterdam courthouse

5 細部/Detail

6 內景/Interior view（1-6圖片來源/Sources: KAAN Architecten）