Humanities and ethics Jiangshou Garden

Author Wen Kuo（ShanXi）

Translator Jin Zi(Beijing)

Some people say that it is an"ominous" place to stay in the garden,because its founder Liang Liangming is devoted to the people's water conservancy, but they are reprimanded by the people for the abuse of the people's power, but they have to suffer with grievances. And don't want to stay up late.

Some people say that it is a"peculiar" place to stay in the garden,because Fan Zongshi, who made it famous, is a "singular person". The staunch supporter of the "ancient literature movement" not only made a 777 word " "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi Ji", also "Ziqiqi" to admire the squatting pool, making it gradually become the famous garden in the north.

Others say that the Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi is a place with a profound cultural heritage, because there have been poetry meetings between the "Lanting repair" and Wang Wei "Suichuan Singing", which are comparable to Wang Shuo, Cen Shen,Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Mei Wei.The "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi Poetry" of the ministers, Fushun and others made this small garden a shining place, and became the place of the literary circles in the hearts of later generations. Since then, it has attracted poets such as Sima Guang, Wang Wei, and Li Chui to come to this poem. Therefore, the Guardian Garden is no longer just a beautiful garden, but also a poetic palace full of poetry.

So what kind of place is it to guard the garden?

Located in the west of the city of Xinyi County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, the Shou Shou Juyuan Pool is part of the Ganzhou Prefecture and belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit. It was built in the 16th year of the Kaihuang Emperor (AD 596) and has a history of more than 1,400 years. This garden has been acclaimed as “Sui Dynasty Garden”,“Gengyuan”, “Xinyi Garden” and“Juyuan Pond” in the dynasties. It is the oldest garden preserved in northern China and is also the existing one in China. The only one is the official garden of the Sui Dynasty.

The original builders of the Sui Shou Juyuan Pool were the internal generals of the Sui Dynasty and the Linyi County Lingliang, and the garden was originally a “by-product” of a large-scale water conservancy project.

After the arrival of Liang Liang,he seriously observed the people's sentiments and visited the poor. He found that the biggest livelihood issue of Xinyi at that time was the water source problem. At that time, the water wells near Xinyi County were mostly salt water wells. They could neither drink nor water the crops. Moreover, the climate was not smooth at the time, and the people faced a huge threat of drought.

Faced with this problem, after careful investigation and research, the beam track ordered a huge amount of manpower and material resources to enter the city from the “drums of springs” from the county town more than 30 miles away, completely solving the problem of watering the crops and people's draught. At that time, XinyiCounty was full of personnel under the beam rail. A total of 12 irrigation canals were built, which attracted a large amount of spring water. Most of the irrigation was along the way, and a small part was scattered to the whole city's market and suburbs to solve the people. The problem of draught, and the last remaining water, ran down the northwestern highland from the back of the state, and entered the back garden of the thorny history of the "tooth city",eventually forming a large pool called"Cangtang", and this is Adhere to the initial state of the garden pool.

This water conservancy project,which is tailored to local conditions and has a comprehensive design, is undoubtedly excellent, but the problem is that for a small county like Xinyi, such a huge project has no pressure on the people in a short period of time. The question is very huge. It is often said that water conservancy projects are “work in the future”, but for the builders of water conservancy facilities, their most direct feeling is the hard work and pain of excavating the canals, so the question of the necessity of constructing the canals is very serious. Many people can say that they are "grievances," and the grievances in their hearts are difficult to understand. The "weird words" and"rumors" have gradually increased.Especially when the people learned that the beam rails had "smoothly repaired the pond in the back garden","resentment" broke out. Some people in the people began to accuse the Liangjiao of being a waste of government. Even more, they even blamed the Liangjiao for building a garden to aggravate the eunuchs and corrupt officials of the people. In the face of this situation, the beam is really a hundred arguments. He did not want to be arrogant by his official duties, and he was even more reluctant to have any positive conflicts with the people. He had to be with grievances and unwillingness, and left the night of the night with his heart and soul...

With the passage of time, the great role of the “beam-orbital channel” has become increasingly apparent, irrigate the countryside and moisten the earth,making the waters along the way, and the people living and working in peace.Under the source of drinking water, the local people suddenly realized this and understood the foresight of the beam.The people in the city were grateful for the achievements of the Liangzhu,admiring the deepness of their lives and the depth of the people, and even"moving away" with rumors. The beam rail is deeply felt. Therefore, the people began to build a "beam rail raft" at the canal and the end of the canal, and used him as a god to worship. One is to let the founder bless the water channel he built for a long time; the second is to confess his ignorance and ignorance to the good official who is deeply respected.

In modern times, the ancestral halls built by the Sui Dynasty people for the beam railroads have disappeared from the repeated destruction of the building. However, it is an indispensable part of building a temple for the founder when someone rebuilds the garden.The ancients had a cloud： "There is a merit in the people," and today the statue of the beam is enshrined in a temple called "Cangtang" on the south side of Cangtang. Standing in the"tang", I deeply worshiped with endless emotions, worshipping this real good official who can do both the work and the grievances!

Since there is only one large pond and some flowers and trees in the garden when the beam is in control,what time is it really time to start the overhaul?

Ten years after the construction of the canal on the beam rail, that is, the first year of the great cause (AD 605),the emperor’s younger brother Han Wang Yang rebelled, and Zhangzhou Xueya and Wen Xiwei Wen’an were based on the city’s west sorghum.In the process of "rejecting the army to discuss it," it strengthened and expanded the pool of the garden. Since then, "Haowang Caihou" has built a"Taiting Marsh Pool" here, planting bamboo and flower willows, and"strikingly wins with surprises". After several modifications, the prototype of"Garden Pond" has been formed.

The garden construction in the Sui and Tang Dynasties advocated the“natural landscape garden”, which was very natural and beautiful at the time. Although the "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi" was already submerged in the long river of history, we can still understand the Sui and Tang Dynasties from the"Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi Ji" written by Fan Zongshi of the Tang Mu Zongshi.The style of the garden is preserved.

The ponds of the Sui and Tang Dynasties relied on the huge amount of water in the “Lianggong Canal”,making the overall structure waterbased, with a water area exceeding one-fourth of the total garden area. The entire building in the park is only one of the garden gates, one hall and onepavilion. The building shape is extremely simple and clear.

The former "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi" garden gate is connected with the squad, called the Tiger Leopard Gate.The left side of the garden gate draws a picture of the tiger and the wild boar.The right side of the garden gate is the Hu Renxun leopard figure. After entering the Tiger Leopard Gate, there is a ramp leading to the Lianting Pavilion. The ramp is called the Meridian Bridge, and both sides are built with flower walls.There is a pond in the north of Lilian Pavilion, which is called the lotus pond.There are grasses, roses, emeralds and red thorns on the poolside. In the summer, the lotus trees around the lotus pond are rich, the lotus in the pool is blooming, the water vapor is blowing,the breeze is blowing, the reflection of the lotus, the fish and the lotus pavilion fluttering in the wind, and the lotus pavilion stands tall in the clouds, like a god. wonderland.

There is a small channel on the east side of the lotus pond, called "Wang Yue Canal", which can communicate with "Cangtang". On both sides of the small channel, there are “Goejeong”and “Baiting”. The arch is erected on the bridge. It stands on the bridge,and the top of the head is covered with cypress, densely shaded, and the bridge is clear and flowing. Across the canal,crossing the bridge, and boarding the pavilion, you can enjoy the panoramic view of the “Cangtang” in the east of the park.

The beauty of "Cangtang" is beautiful in nature and without any modification.If there is a little wind and rain, the blue waves will sway, such as the candle swaying, such as the dragon winding,and the turtles are floating and colorful."Cangtang" has "Baibin" in the west. It is a small pear forest. Every spring, the pear blossoms, the breeze rises, the trees and shadows are like a girl, dancing, the petals floating into the water, they are blurred. The boundaries between trees and shadows, true and false...

The layout of the “Garden Pool” in the Sui and Tang Dynasties was dominated by water. The original land, the dyke, the dyke, the valley,the raft, the pond and other landforms were the skeletons, and the plants such as flowers, bamboo, alfalfa and cypress were the main themes. The pavilion, which constitutes its unique style dominated by natural scenery,is amazing, and it shows the kind of returning to the true nature of the gardeners.

"Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi Ji" allows us to still appreciate the "natural beauty"of the garden pond today, which has to be said to be the credit of the "fant"author Fan Zongshi.

Fan Zongshi, the word of the story,the Tang Dynasty essayist, Wuju was born, known as "the military seeks Hongyuan, can be the commander."It is this great talent who is closer to"Wu Fufu" in the eyes of others, but it is difficult to give up on literature.Not only that, Fan Zongshi is also a"classic movement", one of the authors of "Yuanhe", which was very influential at the time. Li Wei’s "National History Supplement" records： "Yuan He later, for writing, he learned Qi Yu in Han Yu, and studied hard in Fan Zongshi."

Fan Zongshi was unique among the"Ancient" writers of the Tang Dynasty.He tried his best to make his own words,to create his own singularity, to be a literary master, to deliberately seek for surprises, to use unfamiliar words, to make the article flow in a difficult and eccentric, time-numbered "squat". He pushed the innovation requirements advocated by the "Gu Wen Movement"to the extreme, and created many difficult and difficult poems. Fan Zongshi originally had a collection of poems,including seven hundred and sixtynine poems. Unfortunately, it has been scattered. Today there are only two essays and one poem.

From the existing historical records and the only remaining poems, Fan Zongshi is a strange person with a strange temperament. But this "singular person" who loves literature has served as the thorny history of Zhangzhou. In the face of the beauty of "shouting the garden pool", how can he not write the art of "Han Shou Ju Yuan Chi Ji"? The work! Tang Muzong Changqing three years (AD 823), as the Fan Zongshi of the Zhangzhou thorns, "cutting the high trough" and "the sinus sinus", the large-scale expansion of the Shou Shou Juyuan pool, and the 777-word "絳The Shoujuyuan Pool" is engraved on the stone tablet.

In Han Yu’s death, Fan Zong’s"The Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu",there is a saying that Fan Zongshi has a special volume of seventy-five volumes,five hundred and twenty-one articles,seven hundred and nineteen poems,and praises. ： "More discussion, ancient has not tasted! But it must be out of oneself, do not follow the predecessors one word, one is not difficult!" But the epitaph is not all praises, at the end ofthe article Han Yu still I can't help but swear by this friend： "The text goes from the word to the job,and there is a desire for it."

The timewas pushed to the Song Dynasty. At this time, the Qiangyuan Garden has undergone tremendous changes. The way of building the garden has changed from the“natural landscape garden” advocated in the Sui and Tang Dynastiesto the“architectural landscape garden” that was loved by the Song and Yuan Dynasties. This can be seen from the six years of the Northern Song Dynasty Xianping (AD 1003), Chen Chong,and Sun Chong’s "Reenactment of the Garden". The water area in the garden of the Song Dynasty has been greatly reduced. At that time,the "Cangtang" has been submerged.The buildings in the park have also been added by five Xuan Pavilions,one church and one door to Xuan Ting.A temple, a door. There is a high arch bridge on the pool. The pool is planted with slim hibiscus, the fish swimming back and forth, the weeping willows fluttering in the wind, and the exquisite rockery rockery form another style of scenery. It is no wonder that Fan Zhongyan, a great politician and poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, used "pool fish or Yuejin" in the "Chuzhou Garden Pool". The water curtain often rains. The cypress locks the dragon, the ugly stone fights the leopard tiger. Free dance. Jing Jing Tong Tong Xian, Qing Yin does not know the summer." The good sentence to praise the guardian of the garden pool.

Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi has a profound cultural heritage. There are countless scholars and writers in history to come to this poem, Fu Shen, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Mei Yichen, Fu Yi, Yu Jing, Yin Wei, Sima Guang, Wang Wei, Li Hang I have left pen and ink.We can imagine in the atmosphere of"Poetry ninth and tenth,preferably a few poles of bamboo, a few flowers;two friends with friends,pastime in a game of chess, a sip of wine", in the poetry singing, The moon is bright and clean,the flowers are fragrant,the pool is full of hibiscus,the phoenix phoenix,the poolside weeping willows, the cypresses are green, and the birds sound. The poets sang and sang the wine, and the poetry flourished,leaving a beautiful poem that was famous for a thousand years...

Among the thousands of humanities in the history of the garden, the most fascinating thing is the"Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi Poetry" which is comparable to "Lanting repairing".Speaking of this poetry, I have to start from the famous "Qingli New Deal." In the Qing Dynasty during the Northern Song Dynasty, Song’s war against Xixia was fiasco, bureaucratic corruption in the country, political turmoil, and state affairs were in jeopardy.

Song Renzong adopted the reform ideas of Fan Zhongyan and others, and reformed the system, the occupational field, the imperial examinations, the schools, and the servitudes in order to improve the country's appearance.In the face of changes in the situation,ministers who are interested in reformingthe evils and cleaning up the political affairs have made suggestions, including Han Qi, Fu Yi, Yu Jing, Yin Yi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Yuqin, and Mei Yichen. They all firmly support the reform of the New Deal and the vigorous celebration. The New Deal is here.

The reform of the "Qingli New Deal" was of great benefit to the state affairs, but it violated the interests of the aristocrats and was therefore fiercely opposed. The powerful people attacked the "reformers" as "friends"and slandered the "new policies" of Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Fuyu and others in order to "keep the party into private." In the face of this situation,Ouyang Xiu, who served as the eunuch at that time, gave the emperor a chapter titled "Party Theory" in the four years of Qingli (AD 1044), actively defending the "reformists" and resolutely attacked the conservatives. . However, due to the great power of the dignitaries, it is still ridiculous and rumors.

In such a dangerous environment,Fan Zhongyan still does not change his original intentions, and continues to be sparse, sharp and straightforward, and every word is passionate and sloppy.To this end, his good friend Mei Yichen was very worried and made "Ling Wu Fu" to Fan Zhongyan. The article said that the crows used the tweet to "report the murder" originally for the purpose of "dedication", but people think that it is "more fierce" and that "the murderer is out of it", causing disgust and even danger; advising Fan Zhongyan should learn "Feng Zhiming" ", grasp the timing and size of the speech, making people"not blame" and "not surprised." Fan Zhongyan read it and made a gift for the same name of "Lingwu Fu", leaving a famous saying "Ning Ming died, not born silently", showing his own defensive temper.

In the summer of the Qing Dynasty(AD 1044), after only one year of the implementation of the New Deal, it ended in abortion. In order to alleviate the contradictions between the DPRK and China, Song Renzong appeased the dignitaries and sent the "reformists" to Beijing. Fan Zhongyan was dismissed,and he ordered to leave Beijing and patrol Hedong and other places. Fu Yu defended Fan Zhongyan because of the letter, and was sentenced to the judgment of Zhangzhou. Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter to blame another eunuch who was framed by Fan Zhongyan,and was swindled by him. He was also"sitting" and smashing out Beijing, and"following Hedong" as a five-person eunuch. At that time, Mei Yichen was a poor official, and served as a Heyang order. Instead, he was lucky not to be hit hard.

Fuzhou is also being transported to Gandong by Zhangzhou, Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu. Heyang, who is a member of Meishangchen, is also very close to Ganzhou. Perhaps it was the invitation of the rich, and the four people hit it off and decided to hold a party in the "Shouding the Garden". Time has passed, and today we have a hard time knowing the scenes when the literati are together. We can only know from their verses that the gathering time should be the fall of five years (AD 1045).

We also imagined： the flowers in the garden are overflowing, the blue pool is like a mirror, and under the bright moon, several famous poets who are famous for a thousand years are sitting in the lotus pavilion. What kind of performance will these disillusioned people in politics are at the bottom of their lives? Is it bleak and boring? Is it a slap in the face of a political opponent?Or is it just a few people who "cry a headache"?

If you think about these big talents,it will be too small to watch them! Faced with the beauty of the garden, the poets smashed the wine, laughed and laughed, poetry and sing, and sang and sang the intrigue on the court.

At the beginning of the poem "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi", the most famous poem Ouyang Xiu first made a poem called "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi". In his poems, he associates with the Tang Dynasty's predecessor Fan Zongshi's"Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi Ji", as the leader of the "Old Wen Movement" in the Northern Song Dynasty, the witty poet who is the "Drunkard" I greatly ridiculed the predecessor. At the beginning of the poem, he said： "Taste the story and talk about it, and even come to see it on Thursday. The strange fan can be blamed, and the desire is unique. There is no history. Hundreds of cymbals. The clouds have not been attacked, and the sentence is to learn to learn from the book." The poem says that he read the article of Fan Zongshi before he knows the garden pool, and then laughs at Fan Wenyu, who wants to plagiarize. I am afraid that even the sentence must begin with the beginning of the book.Then Ouyang Xiu’s talents overflowed,and the beautiful scenery in the garden was praised： “The old smoke of the ancient woods, the ruins of the ancient woods, I came to win the rest. BossDang Zhuangwei’s husband, the old and the sullen, the old man is not dry.Rong Rong Xin Li Yi He, Qing Chi Cui Covered with red dragonfly." Then I tweeted Fan Zongshi's article： "I am too sloppy and ignorant, so I have to chase after the Koreans. I think that people are jealous, and poetry is a pleasure."

We don't know what kind of reaction other people have after Ouyang Xiu finished this playful trick. Maybe it is a big laugh? Maybe it is a smile, Ouyang Xiu does not respect the predecessors?Who knows!

After reading this poem, Ouyang Xiu still did not enjoy the fun, and he also sang a song entitled "The Entrepreneur of the Wusong in the Luzhou State", to praise the landscape of Luzhou, and to renovate the garden pond and build the rich of the Wuting Pavilion. Hey.

Then, as the host of the rich, come to sing and sing, and poetry may not be famous for its political achievements.But he is also a big talent. It is just right to meet Ouyang Xiu’s poetry, which shows that he is agile.

The next poem is Mei Yichen, the great poet who is known as the Song Dynasty "Laoshan Zu Shi". Although he has the lowest official position in this garden, the small county magistrate does not reveal anything. The poems still remain elegant and plain, simple and subtle. The poem is "Send the title to guard the garden pool"： "The old cypress does not eat, the patina invades the green. The shallow marsh does not enter, the autumn water produces duckweed." People are quite kind of"there is no sound here."

Finally, "the finale" is Fan Zhongyan, the oldest and most official of the four. His poem titled "Chuzhou Garden Pool", its poem： "The Fujian-Taiwan emperor, the pavilion and the garden." One spring northwest, the peaks are high. The pool fish or Yuejin,the water curtain often rains The blame cypress locks the dragon, the ugly stone fights the tiger. The group of flowers are leaning against each other, and the phoenix is free to dance. The quiet environment is combined with the fairy,the Qing dynasty does not know the summer. Every time with the wind and the moon, there is no poetry to help. Tao Tanggu.” Fan Zhongyan’s poem is not only beautiful, but also shows the politician’s majestic momentum. “One spring is coming from the northwest,and the peaks are high.” Ten words will be written by Qingquan. Discouraged.That is to say, in the second year of leaving the Sui Shou Juyuan Pool, Fan Zhongyan wrote the "Yueyang Tower",which is famous for its eternal and arrogant Wang Yang. Perhaps under the blow of political frustration, when he wrote this poem, Fan Zhongyan has already been the ancient name.Beginning to "preheat", his block in the chest is also eager to move, squirting out!

In the autumn wind, in the joy of drinking, the poets are drunk, their poems are also drunk, and the two things I forget, the songs of the first song, the crown of the band, the famous scholars, have been attributed to the realm of harmony between man and nature. bingo.

This is a grand meeting of poetry.Although there is no grand view of the flowing waters, and there is no luxury in the villas of Suichuan, these four poets are famous geeks. Whether they are fame or achievements, they are no less than the Lanting of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The collection is even worse than the singer of the Tang Dynasty Wang Wei. In the response and sing of the poets, the guardian of the garden pool gradually came out from the essays of Fan Zongshi. In the beautiful poems of the poets, they kept the garden pool more brilliant and famous.

After the "Shou Shou Ju Yuan Chi" poetry meeting, Sima Guang, Li Chui, and Wang Xi also came to the"pilgrimage" with curiosity and left their own poems. In the era of a long time later, there are countless poets and people who have come here to leave the feeling of squatting on the beauty of the garden, which has been passed down from generation to generation.

Under the construction of generations of builders, under the infiltration of poetry and poetry from generation to generation, it is not only a beautiful garden, but also a culturally rich Yayuan, a cultural heritage. "The hall of culture!"