文章的開頭一般來說應(yīng)做到開門見山,用簡(jiǎn)單明白的敘述引出文章的話題,使讀者了解文章要談?wù)撌裁矗芤幌伦右鹱x者的興趣。下面介紹幾種常見的開頭的寫法:
開門見山點(diǎn)明所要介紹的事物,或交代清楚文章的主題是什么。
The pen is seen everywhere.In most cases,it only acts as a tool to write with,which I think is too simple.鋼筆隨處可見。在大多數(shù)情況下,它僅僅被當(dāng)作書寫工具,我認(rèn)為這太單一了。
在文章的一開頭就交代寫作目的,如通過文章要表揚(yáng)誰,批評(píng)誰,或說明一個(gè)什么問題等。如2016年全國(guó)乙卷:
I'm writing to ask you for help.I'm applying for a part-time job in an overseas-funded corporation.我給您寫信是想請(qǐng)您幫個(gè)忙。我正在申請(qǐng)?jiān)谝患彝赓Y公司做兼職。
交代事情發(fā)生的人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等。如2015年北京卷:
Last Monday,my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip.上周一,我爸爸向我媽媽和我告別,因?yàn)樗獬鲎錾狻?/p>
回憶過去發(fā)生的某件事。如2014年北京卷:
I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as if it were yesterday.我依然記得第一次去泰山旅游的事情,就像是在昨天一樣。
提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明和論述的主題。如2015年浙江卷:
Old people can play an important role in our country,because they have experience,they are wiser,and they have enough time. 老年人在我們國(guó)家起著重要的作用,因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,聰明智慧,時(shí)間充足。
用提出問題的方法來引出文章的內(nèi)容,以吸引讀者的注意力。
Why do we go to university?Different people have different opinions.我們?yōu)槭裁匆洗髮W(xué)?不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)。
摘錄或引用某些名人名言或常見的習(xí)語、諺語作為文章的開頭。
There is an old English saying,“Gain time,gain life”.Then what is time? Time is a kind of thing that we can't see or touch,but we can feel it pass by.有一句古老的英語諺語 “贏得時(shí)間,就贏得生命”。那么,時(shí)間是什么呢?時(shí)間是一種看不見、摸不著的東西,但是我們能感覺到它的流逝。
常見于對(duì)標(biāo)題下定義,然后通過舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以說明。
A good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.一個(gè)好學(xué)生要擁有良好的品德、健全的身體、完美的知識(shí)和各種各樣的能力。
引用已經(jīng)證實(shí)的某些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來引出所要論證的話題。如2016年上海卷:
The fact that less than 5%of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising,especially compared with the American percentage of over 30%。英國(guó)人口中大學(xué)畢業(yè)生所占的比例不足5%的事實(shí)看上去很令人吃驚,尤其是和美國(guó)的超過30%的比例相比。
通過一個(gè)實(shí)例或現(xiàn)象引出話題。
Nowadays,people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced people's daily life and economic development.現(xiàn)今,許多大城市的人們都在抱怨交通擁堵,它嚴(yán)重地影響了人們的日常生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
As everybody knows/As is known to all眾所周知
As the proverb says正如諺語所說
As the saying goes俗話說
When it comes to...當(dāng)提到……
It is said that...據(jù)說……
It is generally agreed that...人們通常認(rèn)為……
It is believed/thought that...人們認(rèn)為……
It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is well known that...眾所周知……
It goes without saying that...不言而喻/不用說……
There is no denying (the fact)that...不可否認(rèn)的 (事實(shí))是……
There is no doubt that...毫無疑問……
1.我想請(qǐng)你給我們學(xué)校的英語報(bào)紙寫一篇文章。(開門見山法)
2.上周日,我和同學(xué)們?nèi)チ讼闵焦珗@。 (故事背景法)
3.俗話說,“沒有努力就沒有收獲”。 (引語法)
4.通過幾年的校園生活,我認(rèn)識(shí)到如果我們要在生活中有所作為,從小事做起是非常重要的。 (實(shí)例法)
5.每當(dāng)我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪,就忍不住感到悲傷。 (往事追憶法)