浙江非遺一年間

胡雁

“東南形勝，三吳都會(huì)，錢(qián)塘自古繁華?！闭憬鳛槿A夏文明發(fā)祥地之一，人文歷史久遠(yuǎn)，文化底蘊(yùn)深厚。近年來(lái)的“十大考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)”，展示出浙江大地豐富的古代文化遺存，讓人們不時(shí)驚喜于歷史長(zhǎng)卷中的顆顆明珠流光溢彩，熠熠生輝。而與物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)相伴相隨，并能在千百年間薪火相傳、生生不息的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，同樣是博大精深、蔚為壯觀。

浙江，被稱為南戲的故鄉(xiāng)，鄉(xiāng)間豐富多彩的傳統(tǒng)戲劇在悲歡離合、跌宕起伏中，演繹著中華民族獨(dú)一無(wú)二的文化傳統(tǒng)和價(jià)值觀；浙江，有許多“百工之鄉(xiāng)”，坊間精雕細(xì)琢的工藝美術(shù)品透過(guò)器物的美妙，讓人感受著傳統(tǒng)工藝之美，體驗(yàn)著這方水土的人杰地靈……優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化是我們民族的精神家園，是文化自信的重要源泉，也是民族復(fù)興的豐厚滋養(yǎng)，保護(hù)和弘揚(yáng)珍貴的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，是全體文化工作者的神圣使命。

浙江作為全國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)綜合試點(diǎn)省，先行先試，不斷探索，大力推進(jìn)非遺事業(yè)發(fā)展。新世紀(jì)以來(lái)，非遺普查浙江模式、非遺名錄浙江現(xiàn)象、非遺保護(hù)浙江經(jīng)驗(yàn)、非遺利用浙江實(shí)踐，不斷成為全國(guó)矚目的熱點(diǎn)，美麗非遺在文化浙江建設(shè)中綻放出奪目的光彩。

今年5月，文化和旅游部公布第五批國(guó)家級(jí)非遺代表性傳承人名單共1082人，浙江74人入選，位列各省區(qū)市第一，實(shí)現(xiàn)了國(guó)家級(jí)非遺項(xiàng)目和代表性傳承人總數(shù)“全國(guó)雙第一”，標(biāo)志著我省在非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人隊(duì)伍建設(shè)上的成效；6月，文化和旅游部隆重表彰了全國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作先進(jìn)集體和先進(jìn)個(gè)人，浙江有兩個(gè)集體、5名個(gè)人受到表彰，是全國(guó)受表彰對(duì)象總數(shù)最多的省份。

新時(shí)代，文化浙江建設(shè)開(kāi)啟新征程，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)作為文化浙江的底蘊(yùn)和底色，也是“大花園”建設(shè)的活力和魅力所在。

十年非遺展，走出自己的路

9月，第十屆浙江·中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)博覽會(huì)（杭州工藝周）在杭州白馬湖國(guó)際會(huì)展中心舉行。

這是浙江·中國(guó)非遺博覽會(huì)召開(kāi)的第十個(gè)年頭。十年間，在傳承人與非遺工作者的不斷努力下，浙江非遺在“見(jiàn)人見(jiàn)物見(jiàn)生活”的生動(dòng)實(shí)踐中展現(xiàn)出勃勃的生機(jī)。

展會(huì)以“傳統(tǒng)工藝融入現(xiàn)代生活，傳承發(fā)展促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興”為主題，以“一個(gè)主城市，一個(gè)主展館，兩個(gè)分會(huì)場(chǎng)”為構(gòu)架，以“走進(jìn)城市社區(qū)，促進(jìn)國(guó)際交流，服務(wù)鄉(xiāng)村振興，參與非遺扶貧，推進(jìn)融入生活，營(yíng)造社會(huì)氛圍”為總體目標(biāo)，來(lái)自中東歐16個(gè)國(guó)家，全國(guó)28個(gè)?。▍^(qū)、市）以及香港、澳門(mén)地區(qū)，共220個(gè)項(xiàng)目、350個(gè)傳承人，參加展示展演展銷(xiāo)與研討交流等系列活動(dòng)，有28.7萬(wàn)人次參加主展館活動(dòng)。

跟以往相比，本屆博覽會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了三大提升：一是建立了新體系，在以往博覽會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上新增“杭州工藝周”品牌，形成“浙江·中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)博覽會(huì)（杭州工藝周）”新品牌，建立了“主城市、主展館、分會(huì)場(chǎng)”的活動(dòng)新體系，為展會(huì)品牌的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)、全面發(fā)展奠定新的扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。二是打開(kāi)了新角度，“杭州工藝周”立足杭州主城區(qū)，以“獨(dú)特韻味，別樣精彩”為主題的“傳統(tǒng)工藝走進(jìn)社區(qū)”系列活動(dòng)，形成了文化消費(fèi)、文化生活、文旅融合的“一地多點(diǎn)”新格局。三是形成了新模式，有展覽、展示、展映、展演、展銷(xiāo)，也有互動(dòng)、體驗(yàn)、比賽、競(jìng)技、研討，耳目一新的活動(dòng)模式受到了群眾的普遍歡迎。

重保護(hù)重傳承，浙江自有妙招

多年來(lái)，先行先試的“浙江實(shí)踐”為全國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作作出了應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)，隨著政府公布的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄不斷增加，重視和加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)性的保護(hù)工作成為了當(dāng)務(wù)之急。進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，“重保護(hù)”將成為浙江非遺工作的鮮明符號(hào)。

浙江組織開(kāi)展了多項(xiàng)試點(diǎn)工作：一是對(duì)列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性名錄和急需保護(hù)名錄的10個(gè)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)展“3+N”保護(hù)行動(dòng)，在官網(wǎng)上公布保護(hù)地文化部門(mén)的年度計(jì)劃，進(jìn)一步向社會(huì)宣示對(duì)文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)職責(zé)，落實(shí)對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的履約責(zé)任。二是組織對(duì)“龍泉青瓷燒制技藝”等人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作項(xiàng)目開(kāi)展評(píng)估試點(diǎn)工作，探索有效的保護(hù)路徑。三是制定實(shí)施《浙江省省級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目管理辦法（試行）》，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的科學(xué)化、規(guī)范化管理，夯實(shí)項(xiàng)目保護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)性工作。四是發(fā)布2017年度全省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)發(fā)展指數(shù)，組織對(duì)基層非遺保護(hù)工作開(kāi)展評(píng)估，促進(jìn)市縣比學(xué)趕超。

另外，傳統(tǒng)表演藝術(shù)保護(hù)也取得新進(jìn)展。

繼省文化廳2015年實(shí)施《浙江省傳統(tǒng)戲劇保護(hù)振興計(jì)劃》取得明顯的階段性成果后，2017年，省文化廳又啟動(dòng)了全省曲藝保護(hù)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)表演藝術(shù)加大保護(hù)力度。今年5月，在紹興市聯(lián)合主辦中國(guó)浙江（紹興）·全國(guó)曲藝小書(shū)傳承發(fā)展論壇及觀摩交流展演，組織國(guó)內(nèi)具有代表性的老中青三代彈詞走書(shū)藝術(shù)家7個(gè)專(zhuān)場(chǎng)的交流演出，來(lái)自全國(guó)11個(gè)省區(qū)市的30多位專(zhuān)家學(xué)者、150多位傳承人攜7臺(tái)共44個(gè)優(yōu)秀節(jié)目參加本次活動(dòng)，受到了文化和旅游部的高度關(guān)注，非遺司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)專(zhuān)程到紹興考察。6月，文化和旅游部在天津舉辦的主場(chǎng)活動(dòng)“全國(guó)非遺曲藝周”上，浙江省23個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)曲藝類(lèi)非遺項(xiàng)目悉數(shù)登臺(tái)、載譽(yù)而歸，被稱為項(xiàng)目最多、保護(hù)最好、表演最整齊的省份，榮獲了“優(yōu)秀組織獎(jiǎng)”。

遺產(chǎn)日活動(dòng)豐富，展現(xiàn)浙江非遺

“文化遺產(chǎn)”這些年來(lái)逐漸成為一個(gè)熱詞。每一項(xiàng)稱得上文化遺產(chǎn)的，都經(jīng)歷了歲月滄桑，飽含著歷史風(fēng)雨，凝結(jié)著情感和知識(shí)因子。文化遺產(chǎn)只有走到百姓身邊，才能重新“活”起來(lái)；百姓只有感知文化遺產(chǎn)的信息，才能體會(huì)歲月積淀的魅力。這也是“文化和自然遺產(chǎn)日”存在的意義。

今年的遺產(chǎn)日，浙江主場(chǎng)城市活動(dòng)突出大運(yùn)河文化帶建設(shè)主題，展示了“新時(shí)代、新生活、新傳承”，更加貼近基層，貼近人民群眾，突出鄉(xiāng)土藝術(shù)特色，以“多彩”的非遺特色和“多姿”的活動(dòng)特色提升人民群眾保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)的自覺(jué)，滿足人民群眾對(duì)美好生活的向往，以文化助力鄉(xiāng)村振興。

今年浙江主場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，還有900位小朋友參與的“少年非遺說(shuō)”民間故事講述大賽、以“百工百匠”為主題的浙江非遺傳統(tǒng)工藝傳承人匠心故事宣傳活動(dòng)、11個(gè)市同時(shí)開(kāi)展的“浙江好腔調(diào)”傳統(tǒng)戲劇展演、“非遺薪傳”浙江非遺傳統(tǒng)體育展評(píng)等一系列活動(dòng)，加上各市縣文化部門(mén)組織開(kāi)展的豐富多彩的非遺宣傳展示系列活動(dòng)，共同構(gòu)成了“多彩非遺、美好生活”的生動(dòng)局面。

Zhejiang Leads in Heritage Safeguarding

By Hu Yan

Zhejiang， a province in eastern China， is a powerhouse of intangible cultural heritage due to its long history and culture traced back to more than 7，000 years ago. As a pilot province for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in an all-around way， Zhejiang has done quite a lot in this matter. The way Zhejiang successfully conducted comprehensive surveys of intangible cultural heritage is now called “Zhejiang Model”. Over years， Zhejiang has put the largest number of heritage items on national lists and has the largest number of inheritors recognized by the central government. This is known as “Zhejiang Phenomenon”. What the province has done in utilizing intangible cultural heritage is summarized as “Zhejiang Practice”.

In May 2018， the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the fifth national list of inheritors of intangible culture heritage. Of the 1082 masters named in the list， 74 were from Zhejiang. No other provinces， cities or autonomous regions had more. In June 2018， Zhejiang again came out number one in receiving awards from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for doing excellent jobs in the heritage safeguarding.

The “Zhejiang Practice” has made a remarkable contribution to the nations effort to conserve intangible cultural heritage. As more and more heritage items are put on the governmental lists， it is now urgent to intensify the safeguarding efforts.

The province has launched a number of pilot projects. A project called “3+N Safeguarding Action Plan” has got under way to best safeguard the ten items inscribed on UNESCOs Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Urgent Need of Safeguarding. The regional governments concerned publish their reports on annual progress at the provincial government website. A pilot project has been in place to evaluate the safeguarding work done for items inscribed on the UNESCOs Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity such as the traditional firing technique of Longquan celadon. This project is designed to find and confirm effective practices. The province has launched a set of administrative measures for representative projects of intangible cultural heritage. A safeguarding index， announced in 2017 by the provincial government， has been in place to standardize and evaluate the safeguarding efforts so that regional governments could see how well they are doing and if they need to do more to catch up with pacesetters.

On another development， Zhejiang has made headway in safeguarding traditional performing arts. In 2015， the province launched an action plan for safeguarding and revitalizing traditional regional operas. The action plan has been successful. In 2017， a special project to safeguard traditional storytelling performances kicked off. In May 2018， over 150 storytellers staged 44 performances in a national demonstration and study show held in Shaoxing. The storytellers were from 11 provinces and cities. Among the attendees were 30 plus experts and scholars. In June 2018， Zhejiang staged 23 shows at a national showcase hosted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism featuring ballad-singing and storytelling inscribed on the national list. Zhejiang won Excellence Award for Organization for presenting the biggest number of intangible cultural heritage， best safeguarding practice and the fullest range of performances.

Cultural Heritage Day is another big event on second Saturday of June since 2006 in China to strengthen heritage protection in the country. This year， Zhejiang featured the construction of cultural belt along the Grand Canal on the day. A series of events were held across the province to enhance public awareness and promote cultural heritage， which can interwoven into the fabrics of the society.