陳燕紅
一些學生問:“我已認真審題,抓住要點行文,內容表達完整,字體工整,為何還得不到高分呢?”這正是問題所在,全國卷的書面表達是半開放性的寫作,雖然對詞數要求不高,但對文體語言規(guī)范、得體性以及內容構思能力的要求并不低。
認真解讀高考評分標準,我們不難領悟到,要在高考英語寫作中得到高分,就要使文章語句表達得體,內容豐富起來,多寫一些讓閱卷者感到出彩的亮點詞和句。作為高三的考生,應該為高分寫作找到突破口。要想讓英語寫作出彩,可以從以下幾方面為文章潤色。
“潤”詞
詞匯是語言的建筑材料,文章的好壞,遣詞很關鍵。一位語言學家說得好:“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion,it is a courtesy to others, and a favor to yourself -a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.”
考生如果用心遣詞,就會使文章增色不少。
試比較以下兩句:
He isa good teacher.(普通)
He is a caring and insightful teacher.(具體)
通過比較可以看出,前一句不如后一句表達得具體、生動。一個詞的內涵越具體,它表達的內容越豐富??忌鷮懽鲿r要多用具體、特定的詞來描述一個具體的人或物,如a kind lady給人感覺很籠統、空泛,我們可以用很多更為個性、具體的詞描繪一個人,如hospital, optimistic, spirited, cultivated, easy-going ,generous, humorous, thoughtful, gentle等。
考生還應多積累閱讀的語篇材料中的好詞美句,并應用到寫作當中。有一名學生,原本寫作語句表達貧乏,聽從老師的建議用心積累做過的某些閱讀篇章中的好詞句,他現在的寫作水平明顯上了一個臺階。以下是他某次考試的寫作修改稿,恰如其分地運用了最近閱讀語篇中積累的亮點詞匯。Dear Chris.
In your last letter,you asked if'I could recommend some suitable Chinese books for you to read. Therefore, I'm writing to recommend you a book named A Dream of Red Mansons.
As one of the Four Great Classical Novels.A Dream of Red Mansions is considered as an encyclopedia of Chinese traditional culture. As a novel based on 18th- century Chinese society,it will present you the society of Qing dynasty and a noble family's ups and downs as well as many people with distinctive characters,which makes this book really worth reading and studying.I am sure that you will he immersed in its appealing plots and have a better knowledge of Chinese profound traditional cul- ture.
I also sincerely welcome you to visit me and experi-ence the charm of Chinese culture during the summer va-cation. If you come,I'll show you around the cityI live in and share with more great Chinese novels.
Yours,
Li Hua
“潤”句
解讀高考評分標準“應用較多的語法結構”,就是指句式的多樣性表達。單一的句式和結構會使文章讀起來單調乏味,缺乏吸引力,而靈活多變的句式則使行文流暢白然,豐富生動,讓閱卷者眼前一亮。考生如果能正確使用同位語、非謂語動詞、復合句和特殊句式,可以使文章語言充滿層次感,讓閱卷者感到賞心悅目。
1.巧用同位語,簡潔明了
I'd like to invite you to join us fora visit to the near-by nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Fes-tival,the day for the elderly in our culture.(邀請信:請外教去敬老院)
2.活用非謂語動詞,重點突出
I'm writing to invite you to bea judge at our Englishspeech contest to be held in our school on June lst.(邀請信:請外教當裁判)
Informed that you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for an-imals,l cannot resist my inner excite-ment,hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for animals.(申請信:申請成為“動物代言人”)
The bag,containing my ID card,passport and so on,is very important tome.(求助信:請航空公司幫忙尋找行李箱)
3.利用特殊句式,句式多樣
Not only did this activity bring us close to nature, but it also promoted the friendship among us.(倒裝句)
It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that Ifound we hada lotin common.(強調句)
In my opinion,the guy of my age will share almost the same experiences as me and it is easier to talk to each other. We can share our feelings of traveling and football. If possible,I hope that he likes pets.(省略句)
寫作訓練建議
多數考生對英語書面表達感到無從下手,習慣以漢語思維遣詞造句和謀篇,所寫的句子簡單、支離破碎,行文不夠流暢、緊湊,且語法錯誤多,而新課標對寫作要求提高到一個新層面。針對這一狀況,對高考寫作訓練提幾點建議:
第一,進行多層次的寫作練習,如詞語替換、句型轉換、擴展或連接句子、一句多譯、根據關鍵詞(句)寫短文、改寫范文句子、仿寫等語言技能訓練。
第二,堅持循序漸進的訓練原則,先易后難,由詞句到篇,堅持“詞不離句,句不離篇”的原則。
第三,對優(yōu)秀生,應大量閱讀美文,收集好詞組和好句子并應用到寫作當中。對基礎較差的考生,要注重夯實基礎,強化基本句型訓練,結合寫作模板進行寫作,并多背一些優(yōu)秀范文。
第四,建立作文檔案袋??忌哑綍r收集的寫作資料、老師批改過的作文、同學修改過的習作和老師評講的寫作范文都放在檔案袋里,以便體驗自己的進步和反思自己存在的問題,及時調整訓練方向,以便老師了解自己的寫作水平,從而能夠及時得到老師有針對性的輔導。
第五,重視寫作互批和講評。在批改同學習作時,不要一味找錯,要畫出同學寫得好的詞語和句子,潛意識要多寫些出彩的好句子,體驗寫作的成就感。在聽老師講評時,多積累一些同學寫出的精彩詞語、漂亮句子和優(yōu)秀范文,記下其出彩之處。對同學寫作中出現的錯誤進行修改,若也是自己常出現的錯誤,則及時用錯題本登記起來。
第六,盡可能多找老師面批作文,這樣比較有針對性,領悟能力提高較快。