?be made的“多面孔”

江蘇 李建高

◎用法點(diǎn)撥

be made結(jié)構(gòu)能與不同的介詞構(gòu)成多種形式的短語，它們大多與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相結(jié)合，對(duì)它們的考查也成為中考命題的一大亮點(diǎn)。有關(guān)be made的眾多“面孔”，我們只有用心辨析，才不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。

1.be made of意為“由……制成”，制作過程中僅發(fā)生物理變化，從成品仍可看出原材料。例如：

The shirt is made of cotton.這件襯衣是純棉的。

These desks and chairs are made of wood.這些桌椅是木頭制成的。

2.be made from意為“由……制成”，成品完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作過程中發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化，在成品中已無法辨認(rèn)。例如：

Nylon is made from air,coal,water,etc.尼龍是由空氣、煤和水等制成的。

These wines are made from grapes.這些酒都是由葡萄釀造的。

3.be made by意為“由……制作；由……制造”，by后接動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：

This cake was made by my mother this morning.這塊蛋糕是我媽媽早上做的。

The model planes were made by the boy in blue T-shirt.這些飛機(jī)模型是由那個(gè)穿藍(lán)色T恤衫的男孩制作的。

4.be made in意為“在……生產(chǎn)；在……制造”，in后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。例如：

The watch is made in Switzerland.這塊手表是在瑞士生產(chǎn)的。

Not many films are made in Finland.芬蘭出品的電影不是很多。

5.be made into意為“被制成……”，表示原材料被用來制成某種東西。例如：

Milkisoftenmadeintobutter.牛奶經(jīng)常被制成黃油。

As we all know,metal can be made into all kinds of things.眾所周知，金屬能夠制成各種各樣的東西。

6.be made up of意為“由……組成；由……構(gòu)成”，側(cè)重組成、構(gòu)成的方式。例如：

The football team is made up of eleven players.足球隊(duì)由11名隊(duì)員組成。

Animal bodies are made up of cells.動(dòng)物的身體是由細(xì)胞組成的。

7.be made to do sth.意為“被要求去做某事”。要注意的是，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中 see、watch、hear、notice、make、have、let等動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式不帶to；當(dāng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，這些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式就要帶to。例如：

He made us wait for a long time yesterday.→We were made to wait for a long time by him yesterday.他昨天讓我們等了很長時(shí)間。

We saw Mr.Yu leave the office at 9:00 this morning.→Mr.Yu was seen to leave the office by us at 9:00 this morning.我們看見余先生早上九點(diǎn)離開了辦公室。

8.be made for意為“為……制造的”，for后接表示服務(wù)的對(duì)象。例如：

This machine is made for farmers.這臺(tái)機(jī)器是為農(nóng)民制造的。

These school uniforms are made for children.這些校服是為孩子們做的。

9.be made after意為“仿照……制成”，after后接表示仿照的參照物。例如：

This building is made after that one.這幢建筑物是仿照那幢建成的。

These shelves are made after an old pattern.這些書架是仿造一種舊式樣做的。

◎真題回放

1.Your gloves should be made______leather,for they feel soft and smooth.【2017·宿遷中考題】

A.in B.on C.for D.of

【答案與解析】D 句意:你的手套應(yīng)該是皮革制成的，因?yàn)樗鼈兏杏X很柔軟光滑。B項(xiàng)無此搭配，可先排除；be made in意為“在……生產(chǎn)；在……制造”，be made for意為“為……制造的”，be made of意為“由……制成”。根據(jù)句意可知答案。

2.—Where is Maotai______?

—In Guizhou，China. 【2016·銅仁中考題】

A.made of B.made from

C.made in D.made by

【答案與解析】C 由答語“In Guizhou，China.(在中國貴州)”可知，空白處應(yīng)填made in，be made in意為“在某地制造”。

3.—Food safety is very important.

—So some rules______to stop people from polluting food. 【2014·咸寧中考題】

A.must make B.must be made

C.must made D.be made

【答案與解析】B句意：——食品安全很重要?！虼艘欢ㄒ贫ㄒ恍┲贫茸屓藗冞h(yuǎn)離食品污染。這里的rules與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且結(jié)合句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

4.—The skirt looks different from others and it is nice.

—Thanks.It______by my mother last month.【2006·重慶中考題】

A.made B.is made

C.has been made D.was made

【答案與解析】D 從答句的時(shí)間狀語last month可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，但主語是物(the skirt)，再結(jié)合by my mother可知，此處應(yīng)用“由某人制作”的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

5.In some African countries,children are made______heavy work because their parents have died.【2018·西安模擬】

A.doing B.done C.do D.to do

【答案與解析】D “make+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“讓或迫使某人做某事”。make后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式 to 省略。在 let、see、make、hear等動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式不帶to，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，這些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式要帶to。

◎嘗試練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇。

( )1.That’s a nice watch!Is it______in China?

A.make B.making

C.made D.makes

( )2.—Is the tie made______silk?

—Yes.It’s made______Italy.

A.from;in B.of;in

C.from;of D.of;from

( )3.Though he often made his little sister______,today he was made______by her.

A.cry;to cry B.cried;crying

C.to cry;cry D.cry;cry

二、根據(jù)句意，填入恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或介詞短語。

1.This piece of wood was made_______a small table.

2.The skirt is made_______cotton,and it was made______China.

3.We all know that paper is made______wood.

4.The TV sets are made________the workers in the factory.

5.I wonder if this kind of cars is made______Japanese or German ones.

6.The coat was made______her daughter.

7.The research group is made______six experts and two assistants.