烈焰下的琉璃傳承

文、圖／ 三斗

○酷愛琉璃的祖孫三代。The three generations with a passion for colored glaze.

6月28日，在博山區(qū)大辛社區(qū)一家手工藝琉璃作坊里，一片熱火朝天的景象。這里出產(chǎn)的琉璃燈工工藝品，都是按國外訂戶的要求制作的，不久將漂洋過海，將“博山琉璃”的名片傳播到異國他鄉(xiāng)。

工作臺(tái)前的藝人已被噴燈的火焰映紅了臉，孫磊的一天就是在這里開始的。料棒在噴燈下迅速熔化，他要在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)料棒進(jìn)行拉扯、再加熱，最后再塑形。不出5分鐘，一件生動(dòng)形象、惟妙惟肖的作品便呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。

受家庭熏陶，在作坊里長大的孫磊，耳濡目染，學(xué)到了不少琉璃制作的技巧；1996年他開始正式跟隨父親學(xué)習(xí)琉璃燈工制作。在父親的精心教導(dǎo)下，他很快熟練掌握了琉璃制作的工藝流程。多年來，孫磊在琉璃燈工制作工藝上積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，特別是制作琉璃燈工動(dòng)物、植物等生命力強(qiáng)的實(shí)物，取材于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，善于抓住動(dòng)物的靈氣、植物的生機(jī)，用琉璃展現(xiàn)它們的形象，留住了自然的意韻。

父親孫鳳軍有“琉璃葡萄孫”之名，自然是在琉璃葡萄的制作上獨(dú)具特色。孫磊也悉得真?zhèn)鳌?/p>

○五顏六色的琉璃棒是燈工的主要材料。Colorful glass sticks are the main materials of lampworking.

○借助鉗子、刀片等小工具，對(duì)料條進(jìn)行塑形。Using such small tools as pliers and blades to shape the material strip.

○噴燈的火焰映紅了孫磊的臉。The flame of the blast burner flushed Sun Lei’s cheeks.

累累碩果的葡萄給人們帶來豐收的喜悅，象征著平安、吉祥，被賦予了多子多福、后繼有人、生活美滿的寓意。市面上制作琉璃葡萄的藝人不在少數(shù)，然而葡萄作品卻很難在國內(nèi)的各類評(píng)比中脫穎而出，這是孫磊和父親經(jīng)常討論和反思的。以往制作的琉璃葡萄色澤單一、不鮮活，缺少現(xiàn)實(shí)中葡萄的真實(shí)感。為此，父子二人特意到葡萄架下觀察其藤蔓、枝葉以及葡萄的生長結(jié)構(gòu)，葡萄表面的一層霜，是當(dāng)今琉璃葡萄作品中所欠缺的，吹制出掛霜的葡萄，絕對(duì)會(huì)增加葡萄的逼真度。于是，針對(duì)葡萄表面的那層霜，他們不斷地思考、研發(fā)、試制，經(jīng)過反反復(fù)復(fù)的試驗(yàn)、調(diào)色，終于制成掛霜琉璃葡萄。整串葡萄外形錯(cuò)落有致，顏色深淺不一，特別是在表面，因?yàn)橛辛四菍颖”〉陌姿颖普?、鮮活起來。這一創(chuàng)作也成為琉璃藝術(shù)發(fā)展史上的又一座里程碑。

“創(chuàng)新是琉璃工藝的永恒話題，唯有不斷創(chuàng)新，才能讓琉璃更具生命力?！睂O磊說。

在世界琉璃工藝發(fā)展史上，燈工工藝是一種在公元前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)并使用的古老工藝，傳承至今，愈加璀璨迷人，而像孫磊這樣年輕的琉璃藝人也愈來愈多，他們?cè)诹已嫦卵堇[著琉璃傳承，也讓山城的琉璃藝術(shù)之花愈加絢麗繁茂。

編輯/欒小惠

On June 28, a colored glaze handicraft workshop in Daxin Community, Boshan District, the“Land of Chinese Colored Glaze”, showed a bustling scene, despite its dim lights and rudimentary facilities. Its blown glass craftworks are all manufactured according to the requirements of foreign clients. Before long, they will be transported across the sea, conveying the image icon of “colored glaze of Boshan”to overseas countries.

Previously the colored glaze grapes had only one color, and lacked vividness and a sense of reality. Therefore, Sun Lei and his father meticulously observed the vines, branches, leaves and growth structure of grapes on a grape trellis.They found that the frost on the surface of grapes was a missing element in the existing colored glaze grape works.Blowing frosted grapes would definitely increase the fidelity of grapes. Thus,for the frost on the surface of grapes,they kept thinking, doing R&D and trial production. Through repeated tests and toning, they finally created frosted colored glaze grapes. The bunch of grapes is well-proportioned in appearance, with different shades of colors. In particular, with a thin layer of frost on the surface, the grapes appear more vivid and lifelike. The creation became another millstone in the development history of colored glaze art.

“Innovation is an eternal topic of colored glaze technology. Only continuous innovations can add more vitality to colored glaze,” said Sun Lei.