瓦西特自然保護(hù)區(qū)游客中心，沙迦，阿聯(lián)酋

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：X建筑師事務(wù)所

瓦西特自然保護(hù)區(qū)曾是一個廢水池和垃圾場。2005年，恢復(fù)受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的工作啟動：40,000m2垃圾獲得清理，35,000棵樹被重新種植，土地從有害化學(xué)物的污染中恢復(fù)，獨(dú)特的鹽灘和沿岸沙丘也開始受到保護(hù)。

為了使非候鳥重新回到這里，人們投入數(shù)年的努力，終于使保護(hù)區(qū)重新棲居了350種鳥類，成為33,000只候鳥的登陸區(qū)，以及沙迦城的綠肺。

建在保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的濕地游客中心不但用于接下來長期的自然環(huán)境保護(hù)，而且面向公眾開放，向人們展示關(guān)于濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的豐富性，講解常到此地以及阿聯(lián)酋其他濕地區(qū)域的候鳥。這個設(shè)施成了觀鳥者和研究人員的天堂。

中心的建筑與周邊環(huán)境融為一體，并利用現(xiàn)有地形把對自然風(fēng)景的視覺影響降至最低。當(dāng)游客到來時(shí)，一條小路帶領(lǐng)人們通往地下的線形展廳。一面全透明的墻能讓游客真切感受到鳥類的自然環(huán)境，仿佛走入其中?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: EPAA, 環(huán)境與保護(hù)區(qū)管理局/Environmental and Protected Area Authority

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Ahmed Al-Ali, Farid Esmaeil,Mirco Urban, Pariya Mana fi, Dana Sheikh, Abdullah Bashir,Waleed Al Mezaini, Christian Geronimo, Brian Abarintos,Eyad Zarafeh, Haider Al Kalamchi

建筑面積/Built up Area: 2534m2

攝影/Photos: Nelson Garrido

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

2 原有廢水池和垃圾場/Original waste-water and rubbish dump

3 總平面/Site plan

4 圖解/Diagram

Wasit Natural Reserve was originally a wastewater and rubbish dump. The rehabilitation process of the damaged eco-system started in 2005, 40,000m2of rubbish removed, 35,000 trees been re-planted, healing the land from toxic chemicals and conservation of the Unique salt fl ats and coastal sand dunes.

After years of efforts to bring the nonmigratory birds back to the site, WNR is now home to 350 species of birds, a landing zone for 33,000 migrate birds, and a breathing lung to Sharjah city.

A wetland visitor centre is established on site to continue protecting the natural environment,to educate people on the richness of the wetland ecosystem and to provide information about the birds that frequent the area and other wetlands areas of the Emirate. The facility became a heaven for bird watchers and researchers.

The architecture of the centre blends with its'surroundings and uses the existing topography to minimise the visual impact on the natural scene. When visitors arrive, a pathway leads them underground into a linear Gallery. A fully transparent wall allows the visitors to experience the birds'natural environment and become part of it.□

5 外景/Exterior view

6 平面/Plan

7.8 剖面/Sections

1-男廁/M WC

2-看門人/Janitor

3-殘疾人廁所/Disabled WC

4-看門人/Janitor

5-女廁/F WC

6-走廊/Corridor

7-廚房與吧臺/Kitchen and counter 8-食物儲藏室/Food storage

9-女更衣室/F changing

9 入口/Entrance

10 門廳/Lobby

11 展廳內(nèi)景/Interior, Viewing Gallery

10-男更衣室/M changing

11-垃圾處理室/Garbage disposal room

12-餐廳/Cafe

13-觀覽展廳/Viewing Gallery

14-暖通機(jī)電設(shè)備區(qū)/MEP Area

15-女廁/F WC

16-男廁/M WC

17-禱告室/Prayer room

18-茶水間/Pantry

19-經(jīng)理辦公室/Manager's oきce

20-助理辦公室/Assistant's oきce

21-會議室/Meeting room

22-紀(jì)念品商店/Souvenir shop

23-倉庫/Storage

24-紀(jì)念品商店/Souvenir shop

25-庭院/Courtyard

26-前臺/Reception

27-儲物柜/Storage locker

28-報(bào)告廳倉庫/Lecture hall storage

29-報(bào)告廳/Lecture hall

30-走廊/Corridor

31-動物廚房/Animal food kitchen

32-冷凍室/Freezer

33-冷藏室/Fridge

34-風(fēng)干食品倉庫/Dry food storage

35-繁殖室/Breeding room

36-看門人/Janitor

37-哺乳室/Baby room

38-殘疾人廁所/Disabled WC

39-女廁/F WC

40-男廁/M WC

41-垃圾處理室/Garbage disposal room

42-泵房/Pump room

43-電話區(qū)/Telephone room

44-儲藏室/Store

45-暖通機(jī)電設(shè)備區(qū)/MEP area (OTS)

46-大蒼鷺鳥舍/Aviary: Large Heron

47-食籽雀屬鳥舍/Aviary: Seed Eaters

48-巨鷺鳥舍/Aviary: Goliath Heon

49-猛禽鳥舍/Aviary: Bird of Prey

50-小型涉水鳥鳥舍/Aviary: Small Waders

51-朱鷺鳥舍/Aviary: Ibis

52-朱鷺巖墻/Ibis rock wall

53-露天水池/Water pond (Open to sky)

54-現(xiàn)存凈水廠/Existing puri fi cation plant

12 展廳與鳥舍通過全透明墻相隔/Viewing Gallery is seperated from Aviary by a fully transparent wall

13 橫剖面/Cross section

評論

張路峰：為最小限度地干擾鳥類的活動，主體建筑采用了下沉的策略，連接停車場和主入口的通道逐漸下降，到達(dá)門廳時(shí)已完全隱沒在地平線以下。參觀走廊采用了類似“復(fù)廊”的形式，結(jié)構(gòu)柱隱藏在中間的展板中，雙側(cè)懸挑的屋面之下得以形成連續(xù)的玻璃面，觀鳥視野毫無障礙。平面圖形看似簡單粗暴，仔細(xì)琢磨發(fā)現(xiàn)非常合理：游客流線和工作人員流線相交，門廳恰好在交叉點(diǎn)上，方便管理和服務(wù)。從空中看，這種簡明的視覺記號也許能給鳥類提供某種定位信息。

朱捷：瓦西特自然保護(hù)區(qū)游客中心的建筑體量并不小巧，但建筑師巧妙地利用了自然地形，將該建筑物整合成為自然保護(hù)區(qū)優(yōu)美景觀的一部分，最大限度地減少了其對景觀視野的影響。當(dāng)然，整個自然保護(hù)區(qū)從一個廢水池和垃圾場被改造成上萬只候鳥登陸的沙漠綠肺，這更是值得贊譽(yù)的。

14 觀鳥空間/Birdwatching space

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng: In order to reduce the interference to birds' activities to the maximum degree, the main building is designed in a sunken form. The channel connecting the parking space and the main entrance gradually declines and completely hides beneath the horizon line when reaching the lobby. The corridor for visitors is in the form of"double-lane corridor", with the structural pillars hidden inside the exhibition board.And a consecutive glass surface is formed under the hanging roof, which makes it barrier-free for bird observation. The plan seems simple and rough, but is quite reasonable after discrete analysis: the circulation of visitor crosses with that of the staffat the lobby, convenient for management and services. It is a plain visual mark from the air that might provide certain locating information for birds.

ZHU Jie: The architects utilise strategically the natural territory to deal with the large architectural mass of Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre. In this way, the buildings become parts of the beautiful scenery to minimise the visual impacts on the landscape in the Nature Reserve. Particularly, it is deserved to be admired that the previous wastewater and rubbish dump in the site are transformed into an oasis for thousands of migrate bird. (Translated by ZHANG Jingqiu)

15 餐廳/Cafe