蔣學(xué)文
“詞不離句,句不離文”是完形填空最突出的一個特點。很多時候,所給的4個選項從語法角度來看往往都正確,或者沒有明顯的語法錯誤,致使單獨從此空所在的句子很難做出判斷。題目的設(shè)置絕大多數(shù)是就近暗示,如關(guān)鍵詞、短語甚至是標(biāo)點符號,都有可能是答題的突破口。如:
When you are? 1 ,you can also say you are very happy,because you have something else that? 2? cant buy. When you meet with? 3 ,say loudly that you are happy,because you have more chances to challenge yourself.
Take every chance you get,and you can be a happy and lucky person.
1. A. poor B. tall
C. short D. angry
2. A. performance B. confidence
C. word D. money
3. A. thieves B. animals
C. problems D. signs
【分析】 第1題選A。分析見第2題。
第2題選D。根據(jù)cant buy可知第2題要選用money,即第2題應(yīng)選D。既然沒有錢,那當(dāng)然是“窮”了,因此第1空的答案為A。
第3題易誤選A,這是由于忽略語境造成的。由下文的because you have more chances to challenge yourself(因為你有更多的機會挑戰(zhàn)自己)可知是遇到“問題”了。故正確答案為C。
這類題單純考查我們根據(jù)上下文選用適當(dāng)?shù)牧?xí)慣搭配的能力,這要求我們先理解上下文的語義,再根據(jù)詞語的習(xí)慣用法或句子成分中的習(xí)慣搭配做出正確的判斷。如:
After three weeks,the smog began to? 1 . But in the following weeks and months over 4 000 people died as a? 2? of the smog.
1. A. remember B. forget
C. arrive D. lift
2. A. part B. usual
C. end D. result
【分析】 第1題選D。三個星期后,煙霧就開始消散了(lift)。
第2題選D。因為as a result of是固定搭配,意思為“由于……的結(jié)果”。
要熟練掌握教材中所學(xué)的重點詞匯的詞義和用法,特別是近義詞的細(xì)微差別以及詞語的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法等。如:
Riding a bike is a good exercise. Maybe I will save enough? 1? to buy a new bike. My neighbor,Mrs Wilson,has a bike that she can? 2? to me,but I would rather use my own bike…
1. A. time B. jobs
C. things D. money
2. A. lend B. borrow
C. buy D. use
【分析】 第1題選D。買自行車肯定要存夠“錢”,不然肯定就買不了。
第2題選A。此題易誤選B項,因為borrow和lend都有“借”的意思。但borrow意為“借入”,常與介詞from搭配;lend意為“借出”常與介詞to搭配。一些同學(xué)因記不清它們的用法,從而錯選答案B。
考點四、考查行文邏輯
考查考生對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解,如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、增補關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系等。如:
One day somebody asked him,“Please tell me,Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom half of your pictures, 1? not on the top half?” “Because Im small,” Jimmy said,“and my brushes cant? 2? so high.”
1. A. then B. and
C. but D. or
2. A. change B. turn
C. pull D. reach
【分析】 第1題選C。句子意思為:Jimmy,請告訴我,你為什么在畫的底部作畫,而不在上面作畫呢?從句子意思我們可知前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞but。
第2題選D。因為自己還太矮小,所以伸手達不到那么高。
就是要具有能夠把握文章中句子之間、段落之間、上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系的能力。要善于利用能體現(xiàn)它們之間關(guān)系的連接詞語,如and,but,however,though,yet,so,because等來把握語篇結(jié)構(gòu),或者根據(jù)語篇能填出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞語,尤其要學(xué)會根據(jù)上下文的意思及結(jié)構(gòu)進行簡單的邏輯推理來確定填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。如:
Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old,and when he was five he was already very1at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures,and many people2his pictures...
1. A. poor B. sad
C. glad D. good
2. A. bought B. brought
C. sold D. took
【分析】 第1題選D。由后文he drew many beautiful interesting pictures可推知,他是“擅長”(be good at)繪畫。
第2題選A。根據(jù)Jimmy所作的畫是既漂亮又有趣,當(dāng)然就可推知有很多人來“買”了。
有的完形填空題不測試語言知識,也不測試對語境的理解,上下文中沒有足夠能選出正確答案的信息,只能依靠常識,從已經(jīng)知道的常識中鎖定選項。如:
Christmas comes in the winter. It is always on? 1? date each year. Its on December 25. We always wake up early on Christmas Day. When we get up,we find presents at the end of our beds. We? 2? our presents in the morning. We have a big lunch? 3 .
1. A. the first B. the last
C. the same D. a difficult
2. A. buy B. sell
C. open D. close
3. A. in the morning B. at noon
C. in the evening D. at night
【分析】從語法上分析,3個題中的每一項都可以填入空格。Christmas Day 是每年的12月25日,這幾乎是人人都知道的常識,因此,第1題中的A、B、D都不能選,只有選C項;當(dāng)小孩兒在Christmas Day的早上醒來看見床頭的禮物時,自然是迫不及待想打開看看是什么,因此,第2題仍然選C;have lunch當(dāng)然是中午了,因此,第3題選B。
要掌握各種語法規(guī)則及其在文章中的具體運用,特別是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),形容詞、副詞的比較等級,動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),人稱代詞的格,物主代詞的形容詞性和名詞性,主謂一致,必須接-ing和to do的動詞,接to do 和-ing意義區(qū)別較大的動詞,連詞及各種從句的用法等。如:
Last Tuesday Ted? 1? a letter from the police. In the letter he was asked? 2? to the police station.
1. A. received B. receives
C. receiving D. receive
2. A. to go B. going
C. went D. goes
【分析】 第1題選A。根據(jù)表過去的時間狀語last Tuesday,便可推知要用一般過去時。
第2題選A。考查ask sb to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)形式。