營(yíng)口市2005～2014年猩紅熱流行特征

肖巖

【摘要】 目的 分析2005～2014年?duì)I口地區(qū)猩紅熱的流行病學(xué)特征， 為制定有效的預(yù)防控制措施提供理論依據(jù)。方法 采用描述性流行病學(xué)分析方法對(duì)2005～2014年?duì)I口市猩紅熱發(fā)病情況進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 2005～2014年?duì)I口市共報(bào)告猩紅熱病例1774例， 無(wú)死亡病例， 平均發(fā)病率為7.4356/10萬(wàn)， 其中， 2012年發(fā)病率最高， 為12.559/10萬(wàn)， 2009年發(fā)病率最低， 為3.8127/10萬(wàn)；發(fā)病為春末夏初和冬季兩次高峰， 5～6月發(fā)病共422例， 占總發(fā)病例數(shù)23.79%， 11～12月份發(fā)病共447例， 占總發(fā)病例數(shù)25.20%；病例以男性居多， 男性發(fā)病率為9.3327/10萬(wàn)， 女性發(fā)病率為5.4524/10萬(wàn)， 男性年平均發(fā)病率明顯高于女性， 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（χ2=120.728， P<0.01）。最小發(fā)病年齡為2個(gè)月， 最大發(fā)病年齡58歲， 發(fā)病以3～8歲兒童為主， 共報(bào)告發(fā)病1329例， 共占發(fā)病總數(shù)的74.92%；病例主要以學(xué)生和托幼兒童為主， 學(xué)生發(fā)病689例， 構(gòu)成比為38.84%， 幼托兒童發(fā)病652例， 構(gòu)成比為36.75%， 散居兒童發(fā)病363例， 構(gòu)成比為20.46%， 其他發(fā)病為70例， 構(gòu)成比為3.95%。結(jié)論 2005～2014年?duì)I口市猩紅熱發(fā)病呈上升趨勢(shì)， 加強(qiáng)學(xué)校和托幼機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)測(cè)與培訓(xùn)指導(dǎo)工作以及開(kāi)展健康教育宣傳工作是防制工作的重點(diǎn)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 猩紅熱；流行特征；預(yù)防控制

DOI：10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.34.091

Epidemiological characteristics of scarlatina during 2005～2014 in Yingkou city XIAO Yan. Yingkou City Center for Disease Prevention and Control， Yingkou 115004， China

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of scarlatina during 2005～2014 in Yingkou area， and to provide theoretical reference for establishing effective prevention and control measures. Methods Morbidity situation of scarlatina in Yingkou city during 2005～2014 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis method. Results There were totally 1774 reported scarlatina cases in Yingkou city during 2005～2014， without death case. Mean morbidity rate was 7.4356/100 thousand， along with the highest morbidity rate in 2012 as 12.559/100 thousand and the lowest in 2009 as 3.8127/100 thousand. Morbidity peak occurred in late spring and early summer， and winter. There were 422 cases in May～June， accounting for 23.79%， and 447 cases in November～December， accounting for 25.20%. Male cases were the majority with morbidity rate as 9.3327/100 thousand， while morbidity rate in female cases was 5.4524/100 thousand. Male cases had obviously higher mean morbidity rate than female cases， and the difference had statistical significance （χ2=120.728， P<0.01）. The minimum morbidity age was 2-month-old， and the maximum age was 58-year-old. Children aging 3～8 years old were the majority， as 1329 cases accounting for 74.92%. They were mainly students and kindergarten children. There were 689 students， accounting for 38.84%， 652 kindergarten children， accounting for 36.75%， 363 scattered inhabiting children， accounting for 20.46%， and 70 cases with other pathogenesis， accounting for 3.95%. Conclusion Morbidity rate of scarlatina shows its rising trend in Yingkou city during 2005～2014. It is necessary to enhance monitoring and training in school and kindergarten， and develop health education as key points in prevention and control work.