跨越時代的鐵路

文／張汝峰

○鐵路運輸作為中國主要交通方式，見證了幾十年間社會的變遷，它仿佛從過去緩緩開來，又在不斷加速中疾速向未來駛?cè)?。圖／王志堅As the main transport means of China, railway transport witnessed the social changes for decades. It seems to slowly move from the past, and rush to the future at accelerating speed.

從蒸汽機(jī)車到內(nèi)燃機(jī)車，從電力機(jī)車到動車組，從時速40公里到350公里，歷史的畫卷慢慢展開，一切似乎并不遙遠(yuǎn)。

以膠濟(jì)鐵路1904年建成通車為起點，山東鐵路已走過110多年的滄桑歲月。它經(jīng)歷了外來侵略鐵蹄下的屈辱與抗?fàn)帯⒔夥艖?zhàn)爭時期的保障運輸、中華人民共和國成立后的修復(fù)與建設(shè)、改革開放后的蓬勃發(fā)展四個時期。火車頭的更新?lián)Q代，見證了山東的飛速發(fā)展。

改革開放40年，齊魯大地日新月異。伴隨國家在重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工程的投入力度持續(xù)加大，山東鐵路網(wǎng)的建設(shè)如火如荼。到2015年，全省新建、改建鐵路約3800公里，鐵路營業(yè)里程達(dá)到5500公里，形成了以京九、京滬、煙大輪渡-藍(lán)煙-膠新、青榮-青島-日照-連云港通道為“四縱”，以德龍煙、邯濟(jì)-膠濟(jì)、瓦日、菏兗日通道為“四橫”的“四縱四橫”鐵路運輸格局。

○自1974年批量生產(chǎn)以來，“東風(fēng)4”型內(nèi)燃機(jī)車是上世紀(jì)中國鐵路內(nèi)燃牽引的主型機(jī)車。圖/王志堅Since the batch production in 1974, “Dongfeng 4” diesel locomotive became the main locomotive with diesel traction of China’s railways in the last century.

○上世紀(jì)80年代，上火車是件“體力活”。圖/王志堅In the 1980s, boarding a train was “physical work”.

○最早一批“綠皮火車”緩緩駛離車站。圖/王志堅The earliest batch of “Green Trains” slowly pulled out of the station.

○那時，悶熱的車廂里全天擠得水泄不通，倒水的乘務(wù)員常常汗透衣背。圖/王志堅In that period, the sweltering carriage was overcrowded all day, and the train attendants serving water often sweat profusely.

○如今的列車服務(wù)力爭讓車上的每個人都舒心乘車。圖/王志堅Nowadays, for train services, we strive to make every person on the train feel comfortable.

○最早的青島老站。圖／王志堅Earliest Old Qingdao Station.

○在老站基礎(chǔ)上重建的青島新站。圖／王志堅Now, New Qingdao Station rebuilt on the basis of the old station.

黨的十八大以后，山東鐵路建設(shè)邁進(jìn)新時代。青榮城際、德大鐵路、石濟(jì)客專、龍煙鐵路等一批新線投入運營，榮成站、青島北站等一批新站投入使用，正在建設(shè)的青連鐵路、濟(jì)青高鐵、魯南高鐵臨沂至曲阜段積極推進(jìn)，京滬二通道、雄安至商丘、鄭州至濟(jì)南、曲阜至菏澤等高鐵前期工作有序開展。四通八達(dá)的密集路網(wǎng)，大幅提升的鐵路運能，增量提質(zhì)的客貨運輸，成為推動全省經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的動力引擎。

鐵路的“觸角”日益深入山東的每一片土地，切實改變著山東人的日常生活。截至2017年底，全省鐵路運營里程達(dá)到5700公里，全省17市全部通上火車。1240公里的高鐵運營里程，把全國193個城市拉進(jìn)“高鐵朋友圈”。時速350公里的“復(fù)興號”馳騁齊魯大地，我們從普速時代跨入高鐵時代，旅客年發(fā)送量一路

高歌猛進(jìn)，突破1.34億大關(guān)。

○如今的站臺寬敞明亮，動車與高鐵正逐漸成為鐵路交通的主流。圖/王志堅Nowadays, the platforms are bright and spacious. Bullet trains and high-speed trains are gradually becoming the mainstream of railway traffic.

○曾經(jīng)，電氣化列車與內(nèi)燃機(jī)車還是“先進(jìn)車型”，在上世紀(jì)末到本世紀(jì)初，它們代替“綠皮車”成為運輸主力。圖/王志堅In the past, electrified trains and diesel locomotives were “advanced train types”. From the end of the last century to the beginning of this century, they have become the main transport means in place of “Green Trains”.

“泉馨驛站”“高鐵儒行”“陽光家園”“海之情”等一大批群星璀璨的鐵路服務(wù)品牌成為“好客山東”和“厚道儒商”的最美標(biāo)識。網(wǎng)上購票、接續(xù)換乘、自主選座、網(wǎng)上訂餐、微信支付、刷臉進(jìn)站、“復(fù)興號”WIFI全覆蓋、鐵路常旅客會員等智能化服務(wù)，讓旅客的出行體驗更美好。

抓住“一帶一路”建設(shè)機(jī)遇，濟(jì)南鐵路局加強(qiáng)與地方政府協(xié)調(diào)，大力開發(fā)跨局、跨境班列運輸和多式聯(lián)運，助力山東融入“一帶一路”建設(shè)，為中歐、中亞之間進(jìn)出口貨物提供全新更利的物流模式。

覆蓋全省的鐵路大動脈，融合省會城市群和黃河三角洲高效生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，串聯(lián)環(huán)渤海藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)帶，牽手京津冀和長三角生活圈，鋪設(shè)黃河流域出海大通道，構(gòu)筑對接?xùn)|北亞自由貿(mào)易橋頭堡，日益成為拉動區(qū)城經(jīng)濟(jì)的保障線、惠及民生的幸福線、內(nèi)引外聯(lián)的主干線、綠色節(jié)能的環(huán)保線。

編輯／王雪芃

○老濟(jì)南火車站已成為時代的記憶。圖／王志堅The old Jinan Railway Station has become a memory of the times.

○2011年建成的濟(jì)南西站在經(jīng)過最新一輪運行圖調(diào)整后，?？康摹皬?fù)興號”高鐵將新增至26列。圖／何延海After the latest round of operation diagram adjustments for the Jinan West Railway Station completed in 2011, the“Fuxing” high-speed trains will be increased to 26.

Starting with the Jiaozhou-Jinan Railway which was completed and open to traffic in 1904, Shandong Railway has undergone over 110 years of vicissitudes. It has gone through the humiliation and struggle during wartime,the guaranteed transport during the Chinese Liberation War, the restoration and construction after the founding of New China, as well as the four periods of vigorous development after the reform and opening-up. The upgrading of locomotives has witnessed the rapid development of Shandong Railway.

After the 18th CPC National Congress, Shandong Railway construction entered a new era. A number of new railways such as the Qingdao-Rongcheng Intercity Railway, the Dezhou-Dalailong Railway, the Shijiazhuang-Jinan Passenger Dedicated Line and the Longkou-Yantai Railway were put into operation. The dense railway network extending in all directions, the greatly elevated railway transport capacity as well as the passenger and cargo transport with quantity increased and quality improved have become the power engines propelling the rapid economic development of the entire province.

The antenna of railways is increasingly permeating every piece of land where the people of Shandong live,in reality changing our daily life bit by bit. As of the end of 2017, Shandong has realized a railway operating network of some 5,700km, and 17 prefecture-level cities are connected by railways. We have entered a high-speed railway era further than a simple railway era. The annual number of passengers carried advanced triumphantly, breaking through 134 million.

The railway artery covering the whole province has increasingly become a security line promoting district and city economy, a happy line benefiting people’s livelihood, a trunk line with internal guidance and external contact,as well as an environment-friendly line that is green and energy-saving.