如果你住在外國(guó),每年10月31日晚上,當(dāng)你看到人們穿上夸張的服飾,化著僵尸妝或鬼怪妝,頭上再插把匕首什么的——總之越驚悚越夸張?jiān)胶谩憔椭?,萬(wàn)圣夜來(lái)了!這幾年,萬(wàn)圣節(jié)在中國(guó)也開(kāi)始流行起來(lái):萬(wàn)圣節(jié)服裝熱賣,萬(wàn)圣夜派對(duì)遍地開(kāi)花;尤其是主題公園,要是不在當(dāng)天推出一兩個(gè)精心策劃的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)活動(dòng),別人還以為貴公園已經(jīng)關(guān)門謝客了呢。
對(duì)于這么一個(gè)熱鬧的節(jié)日,你對(duì)它的認(rèn)識(shí)有多少?你知道嗎,萬(wàn)圣夜(Halloween)意為“萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜”,中文卻經(jīng)常直接稱為萬(wàn)圣節(jié),這是不正確的哦。我們打賭,關(guān)于萬(wàn)圣夜,有很多事情是你不知道的——
When most people think of Halloween, they think of trick—or—treating, parades[游行], bobbing[咬住懸掛物] for apples, and other family friendly activities. But, bet you didn’t know the true story behind the ancient origins[起源] of Halloween.
It all goes back some 2,000 years to the ancient Celtic festival known as Samhain, celebrated on November 1st. On the night before Samhain, people believed that the dead returned as ghosts. They would leave food and wine on their doorsteps to keep roaming spirits at bay[阻止……前進(jìn)], and wear masks when they left the house so they would be mistaken for fellow ghosts.
The Christian church turned Samhain into All Saints’ Day, or All Hallows, in the 8th century. The night before became All Hallows’ Eve, later shortened to Halloween. You’ve heard of trick-ortreating on Halloween, but what about “souling”or “guising[偽裝]”? All three of these traditions originated in Medieval Britain.
On All Souls’ Day, November 2nd, the needy would beg for pastries[酥皮糕點(diǎn)] known as soul cakes. In return, they would pray for peoples’ dead relatives. This was called “souling.”
In the Medieval Halloween tradition of “guising,”young people would dress up in costume and accept food, wine, money and other offerings in exchange for singing, reciting poetry or telling jokes.
In 19th century America, Irish and Scottish immigrants[移民] revived[使復(fù)興] these old traditions. The result was trick-or-treating. At first it was much more about the tricks, in the form of pranks[惡作劇] and hijinks[喧鬧的玩樂(lè)], than the treats. It wasn’t until the 1950s that the custom took on its current familyfriendly kid-centered form.
Today, Halloween is big business, with US consumers[消費(fèi)者] spending more than 2.5 billion on costumes annually[一年一次]. Add in the candy and it’s estimated[估計(jì)] that Americans spend up to six billion on Halloween each year, making it the second-most commercial[商業(yè)的] holiday after Christmas.
So whether you’re a fan of tricks, treats or trivia[瑣事], there’s a bit of Halloween history…we bet you didn’t know. (laughing)
大多數(shù)人一想到萬(wàn)圣夜,就會(huì)想到“不給糖就搗亂”、游行、咬蘋(píng)果游戲,以及其他適合一家人玩的活動(dòng)。然而,我們敢打賭,你不知道萬(wàn)圣夜古老起源背后的真實(shí)故事。
一切要回到兩千年前那個(gè)古老的凱爾特節(jié)日——在11月1日慶祝的薩溫節(jié)。薩溫節(jié)前一晚,人們認(rèn)為死去的人會(huì)以鬼魂的形式歸來(lái)。人們會(huì)在門階放置食物和酒,防止游魂野鬼接近;出門的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)戴上面具,讓鬼魂以為他們是自己人。
公元8世紀(jì),基督教會(huì)將薩溫節(jié)變成諸圣節(jié),或叫萬(wàn)圣節(jié),而節(jié)日前一晚就成為了萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜(All Hallows’ Eve),后來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化為萬(wàn)圣夜(Halloween)。你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)萬(wàn)圣夜“不給糖就搗亂”的傳統(tǒng),但你知道“索靈”或“喬裝”嗎?這三個(gè)傳統(tǒng)都起源于中世紀(jì)的英國(guó)。
在11月2日的諸靈節(jié),窮人會(huì)向人乞討一種叫做“靈魂蛋糕”的酥皮糕點(diǎn)。作為回報(bào),他們會(huì)為施舍者死去的親人祈禱。這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)被稱為“索靈”。
在中世紀(jì)的萬(wàn)圣夜傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)“喬裝”當(dāng)中,年輕人會(huì)穿上節(jié)日服裝,接受食物、酒、金錢和其他捐贈(zèng)物,并以唱歌、背誦詩(shī)歌或講笑話等方式作為交換。
在19世紀(jì)的美國(guó),來(lái)自愛(ài)爾蘭和蘇格蘭的移民令這些古老傳統(tǒng)得以重生,結(jié)果就有了“不給糖就搗亂”。這個(gè)活動(dòng)最初更側(cè)重于搗亂(惡作劇和胡鬧)而不是給糖,直到20世紀(jì)50年代才變成現(xiàn)在這種適合一家人玩、以孩子為中心的形式。
今天,萬(wàn)圣夜是一門大生意,美國(guó)消費(fèi)者每年在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)服裝上的開(kāi)銷超過(guò)25億美元。據(jù)估計(jì),加上糖果,美國(guó)人每年花在萬(wàn)圣夜的錢高達(dá)60億美元,令萬(wàn)圣節(jié)成為繼圣誕節(jié)后第二大商業(yè)節(jié)日。
所以,不管你喜歡搗亂,還是糖果或其他瑣事,我們打賭……關(guān)于萬(wàn)圣夜的歷史,總有些事情是你不知道的。(笑)