Module 4Great Scientists

詞匯短語園地

1. educate vt. 教育；教導

She was educated in China and now is living in Korea.

她是在中國受的教育，現(xiàn)在住在韓國。

The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the old.

這一運動旨在教育公眾尊重老人。

educate sb in/on sth 在某事上教育某人

Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.

有必要對兒童進行吸毒有害的教育。

education n. 教育

educated adj. 受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的

educational adj. 教育的；有教育意義的

2. support vt. 支持；幫助；支撐；養(yǎng)（家）

n. 支持；幫助；支撐（物）

If you raise the question at the meeting， Ill support you.

如果你在會上提出這個問題，我將支持你。

Support the babys head when you hold it.

抱嬰兒時要把他的頭托住。

Mark has one child to support from his second marriage.

馬克得供養(yǎng)他第二次婚姻生的一個孩子。

There is strong public support for the change.

公眾強烈支持這一變革。

Her family and friends have given her lots of support.

家人和朋友給了她很多幫助。

When my father died， I became the real support.

我父親死后， 我成了真正的頂梁柱。

in support of 支持……

come to ones support 支持某人

Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.

只有幾個人表示支持這一提議。

We found the new evidence to come to his support.

我們找到新的證據(jù)來支持他。

3. replace vt. 取代，代替；把……放回原處

The new design will finally replace all existing models.

新的設計最終將會取代所有現(xiàn)有的型號。

I picked them up and replaced them in the bag.

我撿起它們，放回袋子。

replace sb/sth with/by sb/sth 用……替換；以……接替

It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.

不吃正餐，改吃點心，這不是什么好主意。

Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.

在課堂上電腦永遠不會取代老師。

4. explode vt. 使爆炸；vi. 爆炸

explosion n. 爆炸

There was a huge sudden bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.

突然一聲巨響，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭。

Bombs were exploding all around the city.

城里到處都響起炸彈的爆炸聲。

More than one hundred people were injured in the explosion.

一百多人在這次爆炸中受傷。

explode into/with... 突然發(fā)生……

We all exploded into wild laughter.

我們都突然大笑起來。

Tom exploded with rage.

湯姆勃然大怒。

explosive adj. 會爆炸的；爆炸性的

5. escape v. 逃跑；逃脫

n. 逃跑；逃脫

Two prisoners have escaped.

兩名囚犯逃走了。

When he was a child he often escaped into a dream world of his own.

小時候他常常躲進自己的夢想世界中。

I had a narrow escape.

我是死里逃生。

There was no hope of escape from her miserable marriage.

她沒有希望從不幸的婚姻中解脫出來。

escape from... 從……逃跑；逃脫

She managed to escape from the burning car.

她設法從燃燒的汽車里成功逃脫了出來。

escaped adj. 逃跑了的

6. clear v. 移走，清除；（煙、霧等）消散

I had cleared my desk before I left.

離開前，我把桌子清理干凈了。

The fog wont clear until tomorrow.

霧明天才會消散。

clear away 消散，散去

clear...of... 移走/清除……中的……

clear...off... 從……中移走/清除……

The mist cleared away as the sun came out.

太陽出來霧就消散了。

I cleared my desk of papers and got down to work.

我清理好桌上的文件后開始工作。

Clear all those papers off the desk.

把桌上所有那些文件都拿走。

7. producer n. 生產(chǎn)者；制片人

production n. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；作品；

演出（的?。?/p>

Libya is one of major oil producers.

利比亞是主要石油生產(chǎn)國之一。

Who is the producer of this film？

誰是這部電影的制片人？

Production of the new aircraft will start next year.

新飛機的生產(chǎn)將于明年開始。

It is important not to let production fall.

重要的是別讓產(chǎn)量下滑。

Every year the school puts on a musical production.

這所學校每年都上演一部音樂劇。

produce v. 生產(chǎn)；制造

n. 產(chǎn)品；（尤指）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品

product n. 產(chǎn)品；制品；（自然、化學或工業(yè)過程

的）產(chǎn)物

productive adj. 生產(chǎn)的；多產(chǎn)的；有效益的

8. breakthrough n. 突破

Scientists always try their best to make a breakthrough in their own fields.

科學家們總是盡他們最大的努力在他們各自的領域取得突破。

An important breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved.

談判已取得了重大突破。

breakthrough是由短語break through構(gòu)成的合成名詞，英語中有很多類似的例子。如：

break out 爆發(fā)→outbreak n. 爆發(fā)

break down 故障→breakdown n. 故障

burst out 突然開始（做某事）→outburst n. 爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)

come out 出來，結(jié)果是→outcome n. 結(jié)果；效果

put out 生產(chǎn)→ output n. 產(chǎn)量

9. quantity n. 數(shù)量（作不可數(shù)名詞，和質(zhì)量相對；

作可數(shù)名詞，指具體數(shù)量）

quality n. 質(zhì)量（作不可數(shù)名詞，和數(shù)量相對）；

（人的）品質(zhì)（可數(shù)名詞）

I prefer quality to quantity.

我重質(zhì)不重量。

This hotel buys a vast quantity of meat every day.

這個酒店每天都要買很多肉。

Quality is more important than quantity.

質(zhì)量比數(shù)量重要。

He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.

他有成為成功商人的所有品質(zhì)。

be of good/bad quality 質(zhì)量好/不好

in quality 質(zhì)量方面

in quantity 大量的

a large/small quantity of 大量/少量的……

The machine is of good/bad quality.

這機器質(zhì)量好/不好。

It is often cheaper to buy goods in quantity.

批量購物一般比較便宜。

Put a small quantity of sugar into the coffee.

放少量糖到咖啡里。

The police found a large quantity of drugs at his home.

警方在他家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量毒品。

quantitative adj. 數(shù)量上的；定量的

qualitative adj. 性質(zhì)上的；定性的

比較：quantity，number，amount的區(qū)別

quantity可與可數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞連用，number只與可數(shù)名詞連用；amount只與不可數(shù)名詞連用。

My birthday wish is that I can have a large quantity of presents/money.

我的生日愿望是能有很多禮物/錢。

I could give you any number of reasons for not going.

我可以給你許多不去的理由。

No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the swimming pool.

再怎樣鼓勵，他也不肯往游泳池里跳。

10. as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果；由于

She died as a result of her injuries.

她由于受傷而死亡。

As a result of her hard work， she won the scholarship.

由于努力學習，她獲得了獎學金。

比較：as a result of 和as a result的區(qū)別

as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果（引出狀語）

as a result 結(jié)果……（作狀語）

He was late as a result of a heavy snow.

他由于大雪而遲到了。

As a result， he became successful at the age of 45.

結(jié)果，他在45歲時成功了。

表示原因的短語：

because of/thanks to/owing to/due to/as a consequence of 由于，因為……

背景大鏈接

Science Hero： Jules Verne科學英雄：儒勒··凡爾納

儒勒·凡爾納（Jules Verne，1828年2月8日—1905年3月24日），法國小說家、博物學家，現(xiàn)代科幻小說的重要開創(chuàng)者之一。他一生寫了六十多部科幻小說，總題為《在已知和未知的世界漫游》。他因其大量著作和突出貢獻，被譽為“科幻小說之父”。

Thats right the time for the Science Hero Award， where we honor a particular man or woman from history who made a contribution to science. Todays Science Hero， though， wasnt a scientist at all， but a science fiction writer. In fact， he was one of the pioneers of the genre of science fiction.

Jules Verne is our hero. Jules Verne was born in France in 1828 and originally studied to be a lawyer. But he was fascinated with the exploration of nature and the world. Also， he loved writing. In his writing he was able to bring scientific ideas to a general audience. If he were alive today， hed probably be writing for us.

Jules Verne also wanted to challenge people to think about new things that science could bring them. His stories were full of fantastic machines， but they were always things that could in principle be constructed. Because of this combination of knowledge and imagination， he was able to anticipate many things that now actually exist.

For example， you may know that in his novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea， Verne imagined an enclosed boat that could travel underwater—what we now call a submarine. But did you know that on board his submarine he put another imaginary device， the electric stove？ Or that he was one of the first to suggest putting people inside a giant bullet and firing it at the moon？ Thats not quite how we got there， but the principle is much the same.

那正好是頒科學英雄獎的時間，我們以此紀念那些在歷史上為科學做出貢獻的個人。然而今天的科學英雄根本不是科學家，而是一位科幻小說作者。事實上，他是該體裁的先驅(qū)之一。

儒勒·凡爾納是我們的英雄。他于1828年出生在法國，起初他是學習法律的。但他對探索自然和世界十分著迷，而且他喜歡寫作。在他的作品中，他能將科學概念帶給讀者。如果他還活著，他很可能還在為我們創(chuàng)作。

儒勒·凡爾納也想挑戰(zhàn)人們?nèi)ニ伎伎茖W可能帶給他們的新事物。他的故事中充滿奇妙的機器，但都總是理論上可以創(chuàng)造出來的東西。由于知識和想象力的結(jié)合，他能預見很多現(xiàn)在確實存在的事物。

比如，在凡爾納的《海底兩萬里》中，你可能知道他設想了一艘可以在海底穿梭的船——我們現(xiàn)在稱之為潛水艇。但你知道在其潛水艇上，他放置了另一件想象的工具——電爐嗎？或者說他是第一個建議把人放在巨型炮彈里，瞄準月球發(fā)射的人之一嗎？雖然我們并不是那樣登上月球的，但理論上大致相同。