?would rather用法面面觀

湖北 覃云華

◆用法點(diǎn)撥

would rather是英語中常見的慣用的結(jié)構(gòu)形式（美國英語中多用had rather）。would rather的縮寫成“'d rather”形式，would在此毫無“過去”之意，且無詞性、時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

為了幫助同學(xué)們正確地學(xué)習(xí)和使用would rather，現(xiàn)將其常見用法歸納如下：

一、would rather+動(dòng)詞原形

“would rather+動(dòng)詞原形”形式，意為“寧可……；寧愿……；最好……”，常用來表示選擇的意愿。其否定形式為“would rather not do sth.”。例如：

①The old man would rather donate money to charity than buy himself expensive things.這位老人寧愿將錢捐給慈善組織，也不愿為自己買昂貴的東西。

② You'd rather not wake a sleeping dog，would you?你總不想沒事找麻煩，對吧？

二、would rather...than...

would rather與than連用，可以構(gòu)成另一個(gè)慣用句式，即“would rather...than...”或“would...rather than...”，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”“與其……不如……”用以表達(dá)主語的意愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過選擇后做其中的一件事，而不愿做另一件事。例如：

①—Driving less，walking more is good for our health.開車越少，走路越多對我們的健康越有好處。

—So I'd rather take an hour's walk to work than consider driving a car.所以我寧愿花一個(gè)小時(shí)步行去上班，也不考慮開車去上班。

②—Let's play football on the playground.讓我們在操場上踢足球吧。

—It's too hot outside.I would stay at home rather than go out.外面太熱了。我寧愿待在家里也不愿出去。

【注意】在使用would rather...than...結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.would rather...than.../would...rather than...也可以顛倒為rather than...would...。would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，若選用的動(dòng)詞相同，那么than后的動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如：

①I would rather have rice than noodle.我寧愿吃米飯也不吃面條。

②Rather than work in such bad condition，he would give up.與其在這樣差的條件下工作，他寧愿放棄。

2.使用“would rather...than...”句型時(shí)，要注意“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”，即在than的前后要用兩個(gè)同類的詞或詞組，如兩個(gè)名詞、兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式、兩個(gè)介詞短語等。例如：

①I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班。

②I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。

③I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.我寧愿考試不及格，也不愿意考試作弊。

三、would rather與would rather...than...用于疑問句

在疑問句中，would rather與would rather...than...中的would要放在主語之前。例如：

① Which would you rather have，apples or bananas?你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉？

②Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎？

四、would rather+從句

“would rather+從句”是一個(gè)常用的虛擬語氣句型，該句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。其意為“寧愿……；還是……好些”“一個(gè)人寧愿另一個(gè)人做某事”。

在這類句型中，引導(dǎo)從句的that常被省略。在談到過去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

①John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來)

②We'd rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢。

③I'd rather she had asked me before borrowing the car.我真希望她先問我一聲再借車。

◆真題鏈接

1.His uncle would rather_______the old bike than _______a new one.

【2015·煙臺(tái)中考題】

A.repair；to buy B.to repair；buy

C.repair；buy D.to repair；to buy

【答案與解析】C 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。句意為“他叔叔寧愿_______舊自行車也不愿意_______一輛新的。”repair意為“修理”，buy意為“買”。 would rather do sth.than do sth.意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。根據(jù)語境選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.I prefer_______the failure rather than_______my dream.

【2018·龍東中考題】

A.experience;to give up

B.to experience;give up

C.experiencing;giving up

【答案與解析】C 本題考查prefer及rather than的用法。句意：我寧愿經(jīng)歷失敗，也不會(huì)放棄夢想。prefer意為“更喜歡……”，與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式；...rather than...意為“……而不愿……”，rather than前后連接的是相同的部分。故選擇C項(xiàng)。

3.—Are you going swimming this afternoon?

—I'd rather _______with you.

【2016·蘭州中考題】

A.to go shopping B.go shoping

C.to go shoping D.go shopping

【答案與解析】D 答句中I'd rather是I would rather的縮寫形式。would rather意為“寧愿”，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；shop的動(dòng)詞-ing形式為shopping，排除B項(xiàng)。故選擇D項(xiàng)。

◆跟蹤檢測

一、根據(jù)句意，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.—Which do you prefer， Chinese food or Western food?

—I would rather_______Chinese food.Let's have noodles.

A.to have B.having

C.had D.have

2.At present，many people would rather_______in the country because there is _______pollution in the city.

A.live;more B.to live;less

C.live;less D.to live;more

3.—I won't go to the concert this evening.I_______watch the NBA on TV.It's more exciting.

A.had better B.would rather

C.ought to D.have to

4.—Would you like some fried rice?

—I would rather eat noodles _______have beef in them.

A.that B.than

C.what D.as

二、根據(jù)漢語句子，完成下列英語句子。每空詞數(shù)不限。

5.他寧可住在鄉(xiāng)下，也不愿意在城市里謀生。

He'd rather__________________________.

6.她寧愿嚴(yán)格要求自己也不愿放棄夢想。

She would rathe________________________r__.

7.但愿他不會(huì)把這件事告訴她。

I would rather he__________________________about it.

8.你比較喜歡成為一位歌手還是合唱團(tuán)中的一員?

__________________________a solo artist or in a group?

9.我倒想不告訴你為好。

__________________________you.

10.我真希望你那天沒有把那消息告訴他。

I'd rather __________________________the news that day.