“警告”“查找”“失敗”了“要求”“處理”應(yīng)“注意”②

廣東 林為農(nóng)

□用法點(diǎn)撥

warn

warn是動(dòng)詞,意為“警告；告誡；提醒”,常見用法如下：

1.warn sb.of sth.提醒某人注意某事。例如：

Her parents have already warned her of her homework.她的父母已告誡她注意她的家庭作業(yè)。

2.warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事。例如：

The teacher warns the kids not to go out alone at night.老師告誡孩子們晚上不要獨(dú)自外出。

3.warn sb.+that從句 警告某人……例如：

The policeman warned him that it was dangerous to drive so fast.警察警告他車開那么快很危險(xiǎn)。

【真題回放】

To keep children away from danger,we warn parents_______children at home alone.【孝感市中考題】

A.leave B.to leave

C.not leave D.not to leave

【答案與解析】D 考查warn的用法。warn sb.to do sth.意為“警告某人做某事”,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知本句的意思應(yīng)為“為了使孩子們遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn),我們警告家長(zhǎng)不要把孩子們單獨(dú)留在家里”,此處應(yīng)用否定結(jié)構(gòu),即warn sb.not to do sth.,意為“警告某人不要做某事”。

look up

look up意為“(在詞典、參考書中)查找；查閱”,其后可接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),接名詞時(shí),名詞可置于短語(yǔ)后,也可置于短語(yǔ)之間；接代詞時(shí),代詞必須置于短語(yǔ)之間。例如：

May I use your dictionary to look up a few words？=May I use your dictionary to look a few words up？ 我可以用你的詞典查找?guī)讉€(gè)詞嗎？

If you don't know the meaning of the word,you can look it up in the dictionary.如果你不知道這個(gè)詞的意思,可以在詞典中查找。

【真題回放】

You can_______the word in the dictionary if you don't know it.【青島市中考題】

A.give away B.cut off

C.take after D.look up

【答案與解析】D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。give away贈(zèng)送；cut off切除；take after相像；look up查找。句意：如果你不知道這個(gè)詞,你可以在詞典中查找它。

fail

fail作為動(dòng)詞,意思是“失??；不及格”,常見用法如下：

1.fail(in)(在某方面)失敗；(考試)不及格。例如：

His uncle failed in business again.他叔叔的生意又失敗了。

The little boy failed (in)this math test.那個(gè)小男孩這次數(shù)學(xué)考試沒及格。

2.fail to do sth.未能做成某事。例如：

I failed to catch the last bus yesterday.我昨天沒有趕上最后一班公共汽車。

【真題回放】

If you don't work hard,you will probably_______the exam.【雞西市中考題】

A.pass B.attend C.fail D.succeed

【答案與解析】C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pass通過(guò)；attend參加；fail不及格；succeed成功。根據(jù)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的意思“如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)”可推知主句的意思是“你可能考試不及格”。

request

request作為動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“要求；請(qǐng)求”,常見用法如下：

1.request sth.要求(請(qǐng)求)某事物。例如：

You have to request permission if you want to take any photos.如果你想拍照,需要申請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)許。

2.request sb.to do sth.要求(請(qǐng)求)某人做某事。例如：

We requested him to leave here as soon as possible.我們要求他盡快離開這里。

3.request+that從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。例如：

I requested that he(should)come half an hour earlier.我請(qǐng)求他早半小時(shí)來(lái)。

【拓展】request也可作名詞,意為“要求;請(qǐng)求”。例如：

It is very important to know how to make requests politely.知道如何禮貌地提出請(qǐng)求很重要。

【真題回放】

Our English teacher requested us_______the text for half an hour every day.【連云港市中考題】

A.reading B.to read

C.read D.to reading

【答案與解析】B 考查request的用法。request sb.to do sth.意為“要求某人做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

deal with

deal with意為“對(duì)付；應(yīng)付”,強(qiáng)調(diào)處理的方式、方法,常與how連用。例如：

He has learned how to deal with all kinds of difficulties.他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了如何應(yīng)對(duì)各種困難。

【辨析】do with意為“處理；安置”,強(qiáng)調(diào)處理的對(duì)象,常與what連用。例如：

What did you do with those old newspapers？你是怎樣處理那些舊報(bào)紙的？

【真題回放】

It took me almost a whole day to_______so many emails.【南京市中考題】

A.deal with B.cut in

C.cheer for D.run out

【答案與解析】A 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。deal with處理；cut in干預(yù)；cheer for為……喝彩；run out耗盡。 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推測(cè)句意是“處理這么多電子郵件花費(fèi)了我?guī)缀跻徽斓臅r(shí)間”。故選A項(xiàng)。

pay attention to

pay attention to意為“注意；關(guān)注”,短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞,其后要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Sorry,I didn't pay more attention to this problem.對(duì)不起,我沒有太在意這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

【真題回放】

—What did Helen say just now？

—Sorry,I didn't_______what she said.【十堰市中考題】

A.get on with B.pay attention to

C.look forward to D.take part in

【答案與解析】B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。get on with與……相處；pay attention to注意；look forward to期待；take part in參加。題干上句詢問(wèn)的是“海倫剛才說(shuō)什么了”,根據(jù)答句中的“sorry”可推知其意思是“對(duì)不起,我沒有注意她說(shuō)什么”。故選B項(xiàng)。

□嘗試練習(xí)

Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Tom lost the ticket,so he failed_______the movie last night.

A.watching B.to watching

C.watch D.to watch

2.Teachers always warn the school kids_______with strangers on their way home.

A.to talk B.not talk

C.not to talk D.to not talk

3.—Mum,what does this word mean？

—Why don't you_______？ You have an English-Chinese dictionary,right？

A.look it up B.look up it

C.look them up D.look up them

Ⅱ.完成下列同義句或英語(yǔ)譯句,每空一詞

4.Totake a walk after dinner is necessary.

_______necessary______________a walk after dinner.

5.I don't know what to do with the matter.

I don't know_______to_______with the matter.

6.楊老師讓我注意拼寫。

Mr.Yang asked me to_____________________my spelling.

7.你練習(xí)得越多,進(jìn)步就會(huì)越大。

______________you practice,______________progress you will make.

(答案見64頁(yè))