KEYWORDS TO UNDERSTAND CHINA

改革開放

改革開放是中國共產(chǎn)黨歷史上的一次覺醒，是決定當(dāng)代中國命運的關(guān)鍵舉措，也是決定實現(xiàn)“兩個一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)、實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的關(guān)鍵舉措。改革開放永無止境，只有進行時，沒有完成時。1978年12月，中國共產(chǎn)黨召開了具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了對內(nèi)改革、對外開放的歷史新時期。其目的就是要解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，實現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國人民富裕起來。中國改革開放最主要的成果是開創(chuàng)和發(fā)展了中國特色社會主義，中國的面貌、中國與世界的關(guān)系都發(fā)生了深刻的變化。中國實現(xiàn)了從高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉(zhuǎn)折。

中國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)30年保持10%以上的增長速度，經(jīng)濟總量已經(jīng)位居世界第二。中國解決了13億人的溫飽問題，為世界貧困人口減少的貢獻超過70%。截止到2015年，中國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入由343元增長到31195元；農(nóng)民人均純收入由133元增長到11422元，人民生活總體上達(dá)到小康水平。中國主動適應(yīng)并積極參與世界格局變革調(diào)整進程，以負(fù)責(zé)任大國形象展現(xiàn)在世人面前。2015年，根據(jù)國際貨幣基金組織公布的數(shù)據(jù)，中國經(jīng)濟對全球經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率超過25%。中國依靠自己的力量實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟社會轉(zhuǎn)型，沒有發(fā)生對外戰(zhàn)爭、海外殖民和大規(guī)模的社會動蕩，政治體制保持穩(wěn)定，法治化程度不斷提升，社會生活的自由度不斷擴大，民眾對政府的信任度接近90%。

REFORM AND OPENING UP

The process of reform and opening up was propelled by a new awakening of the CPC. It has been key to making China what it is today and will be essential to realizing the Two Centennial Goals and national renewal. It is an on-going process with no end. The process that ushered in a new historical period was first launched in 1978 at the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. Aiming to dismantle the economic straitjacket and unlock growth potential, the reform program shifted China onto a path to modernization and prosperity. In addition to the emergence and development of the concept of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the achievements of China’s reform and opening up are most convincingly evidenced by the profound changes to China and its relations with the rest of the world. China has completed the historic shift from a centrally planned economy to a dynamic socialist market economy and from a closed or semi-closed society to an open one.

After an annual growth rate of more than 10 percent for 30 years running, China has become the second largest economy in the world. The challenge of providing 1.3 billion people with adequate food and everyday essentials was successfully addressed,contributing to a 70 percent drop in the poverty-stricken population worldwide. With per capita disposable income of urban Chinese residents increasing from RMB 343 to RMB 31,195 and the per capita net income of farmers rising from RMB 133 to RMB 11,422, the goal of building a moderately well-off society has been largely achieved. China is also adapting to an evolving world landscape, and actively participates in global affairs as a responsible member of the international community. It now accounts for nearly 25 percent of world economic growth. It has fostered economic and social transformation without engaging in wars on foreign lands, pursuing overseas colonization or causing widespread social unrest. It has enjoyed political stability, strengthened rule of law and expanded individual freedom. The public’s trust in the government is near 90 percent.