華南理工建筑學(xué)人：橫峰側(cè)嶺，中華之南

“華南理工建筑學(xué)人” 卷首語(yǔ)的安排與之前的幾卷不同，是緣于《世界建筑》雜志社希望由學(xué)院邀請(qǐng)對(duì)華南建筑有更深入了解的人來(lái)寫，以避免從雜志角度可能造成的偏頗。耽擱很久也無(wú)法找到合適的人選，期限將至，只好自己提筆，好在作為一位“哈建工建筑學(xué)人”的“外人”，我也算相對(duì)比較了解華南建筑學(xué)人吧。

從談月份開(kāi)篇，是《世界建筑》的建筑學(xué)人專輯過(guò)往幾篇的開(kāi)篇模式，同濟(jì)、天大建筑學(xué)人的卷首語(yǔ)都是從5月這個(gè)話題引出的。今年華南建筑還是5月，而同樣的季節(jié)，京津還時(shí)有漫天沙塵，寧滬還在感知5月帶來(lái)“青春”的信息，華南的5月卻已經(jīng)雷聲滾滾、滂沱大雨、間或烈日當(dāng)空、偶爾暑氣蒸人了。是啊，遠(yuǎn)在中華之南，廣東自古以來(lái)就是“中央王國(guó)”里一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的特別存在，氣候如此，人文亦如此。

華南建筑學(xué)人，這一群體在學(xué)界的印象中一直是模糊不清的，2012年華南建筑學(xué)科80華誕，當(dāng)我們的《華南建筑80年大事記》出版的時(shí)候，許多朋友臉上那種吃驚的表情告訴我，他們?cè)緦?duì)這80年厚重密實(shí)的歷史知之甚少。也難怪，之前是沒(méi)有專門的文獻(xiàn)縱覽華南建筑的學(xué)科歷史的。也因此，我們堅(jiān)持那本書的書寫方式就是：只陳列史實(shí)，評(píng)說(shuō)留給讀者。

對(duì)于從1970年代末開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)建筑的人來(lái)說(shuō)，華南建筑是個(gè)鮮明而又模糊的概念。鮮明的是具體的建筑：白天鵝賓館、白云賓館、南越王墓博物館……，而模糊的恰恰是“學(xué)人”的身影。相較于清華、東南、同濟(jì)建筑學(xué)人明晰的群峰或者峻嶺形象，華南建筑學(xué)人的信息是模糊而多元的。整個(gè)1980年代初期，華南建筑學(xué)人的信息是交錯(cuò)拼貼的，林克明與《南方建筑》、劉管平與園林、趙伯仁與劇場(chǎng)建筑、何鏡堂與深圳科學(xué)館、陸元鼎與民居、羅保鈿的深圳居住區(qū)規(guī)劃……而龍慶忠先生這樣的建筑史學(xué)大家，縱然是對(duì)中國(guó)營(yíng)建歷史研究視野獨(dú)特，且在中國(guó)確立博士培養(yǎng)體系的時(shí)候成為清華、東南、華南3個(gè)首批建筑博士點(diǎn)的核心教授，卻因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)離“主場(chǎng)”而并不被國(guó)內(nèi)建筑學(xué)界廣泛了解。而曾經(jīng)是重慶大學(xué)創(chuàng)系主任的陳伯齊、真正屬于中國(guó)的設(shè)計(jì)大師（吳良鏞語(yǔ)）夏昌世，則是在去世多年后才漸漸被憶起。

1992年3月我初到嶺南，首先感受到的，除了整整一個(gè)月潮濕無(wú)比、嶺南特有的 “回南天” 的氣候氛圍，就是疏朗與自由的人文氛圍。從抗戰(zhàn)勝利的1945年起，華南建筑學(xué)科棲臨紅樓，這里既沒(méi)有學(xué)府的森嚴(yán)氣氛，也沒(méi)有輩分遞進(jìn)的層層疊疊，一班年輕教師呼呼呵呵，一起教書、一起炒更，全然不分彼此，根本不懂得什么叫“學(xué)緣”。入鄉(xiāng)日久，俗理漸知，華南建筑學(xué)人在廣東的密度令人睜目，日常交往中，某些年齡段的建筑師，見(jiàn)面只需要了解單位所屬，經(jīng)常忽略畢業(yè)的學(xué)校，因?yàn)榛静挥脝?wèn)，都是華南建筑紅樓里面出來(lái)的。

轉(zhuǎn)眼快30年了，于我而言，華南建筑的歷史依然是不斷學(xué)習(xí)、不斷理解的過(guò)程。身處其中，也會(huì)有許多不識(shí)真面的困惑。1990年代以來(lái)，何鏡堂、吳碩賢院士帶領(lǐng)下的華南建筑群體越來(lái)越多地走到了中國(guó)建筑的舞臺(tái)中心。聚光燈下，華南建筑與學(xué)人精彩不斷。國(guó)家勘察設(shè)計(jì)大師中出現(xiàn)了建筑77級(jí)的陶郅、79級(jí)的陳雄、81級(jí)的倪陽(yáng)，而建筑79級(jí)許瑞生，被學(xué)界屢屢關(guān)注的不是他廣東省副省長(zhǎng)的職務(wù)，而是他以南粵古驛道保護(hù)發(fā)掘?yàn)槠瘘c(diǎn)，進(jìn)而推動(dòng)的基于民間社會(huì)力量自省自新的扶助貧困、挽救遺產(chǎn)、保護(hù)資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，展現(xiàn)華南建筑學(xué)人獨(dú)特的建筑觀與歷史觀。

回望華南建筑學(xué)人，我們把鏡頭焦距放開(kāi)：中南、西南幾位建筑大師即刻入鏡：武漢中南建筑設(shè)計(jì)院袁培煌、云南省建筑設(shè)計(jì)院饒維純、成都西南建筑設(shè)計(jì)院黎佗芬、廣西省建筑設(shè)計(jì)院蔣伯寧……他們離開(kāi)母校之后扎根遙遠(yuǎn)的地方，成就了建筑理想。

鏡頭朝向香港：出自香港、史觀獨(dú)特的中國(guó)建筑史代表性專著《華夏意匠》，作者李允鉌，1960年代畢業(yè)于華南建筑紅樓，該書的序作者是兩位華南建筑教師：龍慶忠、陸元鼎。

鏡頭朝向臺(tái)灣：賀陳詞、楊卓成兩位代表了一批畢業(yè)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)年代，后轉(zhuǎn)赴臺(tái)灣，閃亮在寶島的華南建筑校友。賀陳詞先任教于成功大學(xué)、東海大學(xué)等校，他沒(méi)有喝多少洋墨水，對(duì)臺(tái)灣建筑教育的貢獻(xiàn)卻居功至偉，至今仍是受人緬懷。楊卓成以作品見(jiàn)精神，圓山大飯店、中正紀(jì)念堂、士林官邸等一系列特點(diǎn)鮮明的建筑工程為臺(tái)灣建筑貢獻(xiàn)了最杰出的中華印跡。

鏡頭回轉(zhuǎn)：大約始于2008年，短短10年華南建筑青年學(xué)子在香港形成了一個(gè)群體，他們不一定在香港讀書，而是在海外短暫學(xué)習(xí)工作后來(lái)到香港生活工作，他們的微信群叫：永遠(yuǎn)的27，這里的27，一層含意是華南建筑的教室樓的號(hào)碼，另外一層含意是永遠(yuǎn)的青春。當(dāng)香港迷茫消極之際，他們不僅在奮斗，不僅僅在別人的公司里面奮斗，有的人已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在自己的公司里奮斗了。

“橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰，遠(yuǎn)近高低各不同。”華南建筑學(xué)人86年走來(lái)，與國(guó)家共患難，與時(shí)代同奮進(jìn)，無(wú)論是抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期粵北辦學(xué)的堅(jiān)守、建筑創(chuàng)作禁錮時(shí)期對(duì)技術(shù)理想的高揚(yáng)、國(guó)家困難時(shí)期潛心亞熱帶建筑科學(xué)的執(zhí)著，還是近40年火紅激蕩的建筑年代，華南建筑學(xué)人不變的是進(jìn)取、實(shí)干。華南建筑以謙虛為學(xué)、踏實(shí)做人鑄就著“中華之南”一個(gè)又一個(gè)建筑“特別”?！?/p>

The reason for different arrangement for writing the prologue of theSCUTArchitecture Alumniis thatWorld Architecturemagazine wanted the School of Architecture to invite someone with a deep understanding on architecture in South China to do it. That, in their view, would avoid possible biases since it is not written by someone from the magazine. I have tried in vain to fi nd such a suitable person. But as the deadline drew near, I had to do it myself. Fortunately, as an "outsider" from the architecture alumni of Harbin Architecture and Engineering University, I happened to be quite familiar with SCUT architecture alumni.

Opening the chapter by referring to the month is a recent common practice in the Architecture Alumni issues ofWorld Architecture. The prologue ofTongji University Architecture AlumniandTianjin University Architecture Alumnialso start by talking about May. We followed the same practice in this issue. But May looks vastly different in different cities: Beijing and Tianjin encounter occasional dust storms; Nanjing and Shanghai are still tasting the last breeze of spring; while the weather in South China is highly unpredictable with thunders,pouring rains, blazing sun and steaming heat.Located in the far south of China, Guangdong has been a remote and special existence in this "Central Kingdom" since ancient times. This also applies to its climate, as well as its culture and social fabrics.

The impression of the SCUT architecture alumni has been very blurry in the academic circle. We published theSouth China Architecture:Events in 80 Yearswhen we celebrated the anniversary of the architecture discipline in South China. The surprised expression on the faces of our friends indicated that they knew very little about the 80 years of our history. And that's because there was not a single article dedicated to providing an overview of the history of the architecture discipline in South China.That is why we insisted that there should be nothing but historical facts in the book so that we could leave our readers room for comments.

For those who began learning architecture in the late 1970s, South China architecture is a distinct yet vague concept. What are distinct are the architecture like White Swan Hotel, Baiyun Hotel,and the Museum of the Nanyue King Mausoleum,and what is vague is the presence of the architecture"alumni". Throughout the 1980s, when compared with the distinct presence of architecture alumni from Tsinghua University, Southeast University and Tongji University, the profile of SCUT architecture alumni was vague yet diverse. TheSouth Architecturemagazine founded by LIN Keming, landscape design by LIU Guanping, theatre architecture of ZHAO Boren, Shenzhen Science Museum designed by HE Jingtang, LU Yuanding's research on folk houses,and Shenzhen's planning on residential areas designed by LUO Baotian, these are vivid examples of the presence of the SCUT architecture alumni.And masters of architecture history such as LONG Qingzhong are not widely known by the domestic architecture circle for being away from "home".Professor LONG has a unique research perspective on the construction history of China, and was a key architecture professor in Tsinghua University,Southeast University and South China University when China fi rst established its doctoral cultivation system. While CHEN Boqi, the founding dean of the Architecture Department of Chongqing University,and XIA Changshi, "a design master who truly belongs to China", according to WU Liangyong, were only talked of years after their passing away.

When I first came to Guangdong in March,1992, the first things I experienced are a whole month of rainy and humid weather and the pleasant free atmosphere in the architecture circle here. Since 1945 when China won the war of resistance against Japanese aggression, the SCUT architecture discipline moved in the Red Mansion.Free of the choking academic atmosphere or hierarchal interpersonal relationship, a group of young teachers worked together and did part-time jobs together without any concern for "academic consanguinity". As I live here longer, I gradually get to know the astounding fact that there are a large number of SCUT architecture alumni in Guangdong.In day to day communication, we only ask architects of a certain age group about where they work but not where they were graduated. Because almost everyone of them were from the Red Mansion where the SCUT architecture discipline was stationed.

Almost 30 years have passed. For me, the history of architecture in SCUT is still a process of continuous learning and understanding. As someone who is a part of this process, I sometimes have my own confusions. Since the 1990s, the architecture group in South China led by academicians HE Jingtang and WU Shuoxian came to the center stage of China's architecture circle more often. The SCUT architecture alumni has made outstanding achievements under the limelight. We produced several National Survey and Design Masters such as TAO Zhi from Grade 1977, CHEN Xiong from Grade 1979 and NI Yang from Grade 1981. And XU Ruisheng from Grade 1979 was known to the academia more for his effort in cultural relic protection instead of his Vice Governor title. In his campaign of protecting the South China Historical Trail, he promotes the sustainable development of poverty alleviation, cultural heritage rescue and resources conservation based on the self-re fl ection and self-renewal of social power and presented the unique outlooks of architecture and history of the SCUT architecture alumni.

When looking back at the SCUT architecture alumni, if we extend the focal length, architectural masters from the central and southeast of China including YUAN Peihuang from the Central-South Architectural Institute, RAO Weichun from the Architecture and Engineering Design Institute of Yunnan Province, LI Tuofen from the China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute in Chengdu, and JIANG Boning from the Architectural Design Institute of Guangxi Province will all be included. After graduation they settled in different places far away from South China and realized their dreams of architecture.

Camera turning towards Hong Kong:Cathay's Idea: Design Theory of Chinese Classical Architectureis a book published in Hong Kong and written by LI Yunhe, an alumni graduated from the Red Mansion.This book, prefaced by LONG Qingzhong and LU Yuanding, has a unique perspective on China's architecture history.

Camera turning towards Taiwan: HE Chenci and YANG Zhuocheng represent a group of SCUT architecture alumni graduated in the war time, later moved to Taiwan and became important figures there. HE Chenci was a professor in the National Cheng Kung University and Tunghai University.He did not spend much time studying overseas but are still widely remembered for his contribution to architecture education in Taiwan. YANG Zhuocheng represented his spirit in his distinct works such as the Grand Hotel, Taipei, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, and Shilin Official Residence, etc. His works have left the most distinguished imprint to Taiwan's architecture circle.

Camera revolving: In a short period of just 10 years, young alumni of the SCUT architecture circle has formed a group in Hong Kong, beginning since about 2008. Not all of them were educated in Hong Kong, but some chose to live and work in the city after coming back from overseas study. Their WeChat group is called "Forever 27". The number"27" here refers to the number of a classroom in the SCUT Architecture Building, and it also means staying young forever. While Hong Kong is now stuck in bewilderment and negativity, these group of young people keep on fighting not only in the companies they work for, but some are already starting their own businesses.

It's like a range

When looked from the front.

But it's like a peak

When looked at sideways.

The mountain shows its different features

In different levels near and far.

In the past 86 years, the SCUT architecture alumni have always stayed with the country and blazed the trail with their insistence of carrying on the education undertaking during the anti-Japanese war, their enthusiastic persistence for technology during a time when architecture creation was forbidden, their dedication to subtropical architecture science in the time of national difficulty, and their hard work in the last 40 years of rapid development. What remain unchanged are their progressive and pragmatic spirits. With humility and pragmatism, the SCUT architecture alumni have created "unique" architectures in "the South of China" one after another.□(Translated by DU Kejun)