The gravity impact in a rotating micropolar thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures

Mohmed I.M. Hill Rmdn S. Tntwi Mohmed I.A. Othmn

a Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

b Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt

Abstract A model of micropolar thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures influenced by the gravitational field is established. The medium rotates with a uniform angular velocity. The physical quantities are obtained analytically and represented graphically with different cases.

Keywords: Gravity; Micropolar thermoelasticity; Microtemperatures; Rotation.

1.Introduction

The linear theory of elasticity has an essential importance in the stress analysis of steel, which is the commonest engineering, structural material; this theory describes the mechanical behavior of the common solid materials, e.g., concrete,wood and coal. In the case of elastic vibrations characterized by high frequencies and small wavelengths, the influence of the body microstructure becomes significant. Metals, polymers, composites, soils, rocks and concrete are typical media with microstructures. Most of the natural and man-made materials, as engineering, geological, and biological media possess a microstructure. The micropolar elasticity theory takes into consideration the granular character of the medium applied to materials for which the ordinary classical theory of elasticity fails owing to the microstructure of these materials. Within this theory, solids can undergo macro deformations and microrotations; the motion of this kind of solids are completely characterized by the displacement vector and the microrotation vector. Eringen [1] extended the micropolar theory to include the thermal effects. Boschi and Ie?san [2] extended a generalized theory of micropolar thermoelasticity. The microtemperatures and the micro deformations of nanoparticles are very important in the future technologies. Recently, several continuum theories with microstructure are formulated.

A thermodynamic theory of the elastic materials with the inner structure, micro deformations, and the particles possess microtemperatures is proposed by Grot [3] . The thermodynamics of a continuum with microstructure are extended with assuming that the microelements have different temperatures.The concept of microtemperatures is introduced to describe this phenomenon. The microtemperatures depend homogeneously on the micro coordinates of the microelements. Riha[4] presented a study of the heat conduction in materials with microtemperatures. Ie?san [5] investigated the concepts of the micropolar thermoelastic material having microtemperatures.Casas and Quintanilla [6] investigated the exponential stability in thermoelastic bodies with microtemperatures. Scalia and Svanadze [7] presented the solutions of the theory of thermoelasticity with microtemperatures. Ie?san [8] discussed thermoelastic bodies with microstructures and microtemperatures. Othman et al. [9-12] discussed interesting problems in thermoelasticity with microtemperatures, different mechanical, and thermal effects of micropolar thermoelasticity with microtemperatures. The propagation of plane waves in a rotating media is important in many realistic problems as the rotation of heavenly bodies and the moon. Schoenberg and Censor [13] established the propagation of the waves in a rotating, homogeneous, isotropic, and linear elastic medium for any orientation of the rotation axis with respect to free space taking into consideration the Coriolis and the Centripetal acceleration. Othman et al. [14,15] studied the effect of rotation on the porous thermoelastic material.

Bromwich [16] established the effect of the gravity, which is neglected in the classical theory of elasticity, on the wave propagation of an elastic medium. Othman and Hilal [17] investigated the effect of rotation and initial stress in thermoelastic material with voids. Othman et al. [18] and Othman and Hilal [19] studied the effect of the gravity field on thermoelastic materials. Marin et al. [20] discussed the qualitative results on mixed problems of micropolar bodies with microtemperatures. Abd Elaziz and Hilal [21] discussed the influence of Thomson effect and inclined loads in electromagneto-thermoelastic solid with voids under Green-Naghdi theories.

The main objective of the present work is to investigate the variation of the physical quantities in the problem for a homogenous, isotropic, micropolar thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures analytically for different cases. The physical quantities represented graphically.

2.The basic equations and formulation of the physical problem with solution

Consider the linear theory of thermodynamics for isotropic elastic materials with inner structure. According to Eringen[1] , Ie?san [8] and Schoenberg and Censor [13] , the field equations and the constitutive relations for a homogeneous,isotropic micropolar thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures without body forces, body couples, heat sources,and first heat source moment, rotated with a uniform angular velocity, can be formulated as

Where, λ, μ are the Laméconstants, α, β, γ andk?are the micropolar constants, αtis the linear thermal expansion coefficient, ρis the density,Ceis the specific heat at constant strain,kis the thermal conductivity,uiis the displacement vector,Tis the absolute temperature,T0is the reference temperature chosen so that (T-T0) /T0| ＜＜ 1 , φiis the microrotation vector, σijare the components of the stresses,eijare the components of strains, δijis the Kronecker delta, ?ijris the permutation symbol,eis the dilation, ?is the uniform angular velocity,mijis the couple stresses,Jis the microinertia,wiis the microtemperatures vector, μ1,b,ki(i= 1 , 2, ..., 6) are the constitutive coefficients,qijis the heat flux moment,qiis the first heat flux moment andQiis the mean heat flux vector.

Consider an isotropic linear homogeneous micropolar thermoelastic medium with micro- temperatures and a half-space(y≥0), the rectangular Cartesian coordinate system (x,y,z)originated on the surfacez= 0. For 2-D problem; the dynamic displacement vectorui= (u,v, 0) , the medium rotated with a uniform angular velocity ?i= (0, 0, ?) , and the microrotation vector φι= (0, 0, φ3) . Then the microtemperatures vector iswi= (w1,w2, 0) . All quantities considered will be functions of the time variabletand the coordinatesxandy. In the used equations a dot denotes differentiation with respect to time, while a comma denotes material derivatives;Eqs. (2.1) -( 2.4 ) under the gravity will be:

where λn(n= 1 , 2, ..., 6) can be obtained from eliminating the functions between Eqs. (3.10) -( 3.15 ), while the Eq. (3.16) can be factored as

where(n= 1 , 2, ..., 6) are the roots of the characteristic equation of Eq. (3.16) .

The general solution of Eq. (3.16) , which are bound aty→ ∞ , is given by

3.Boundary conditions

Consider the following boundary conditions to determine the constantsRn(n= 1 , 2, ..., 6) and ignore the positive exponentials to avoid the unbounded solutions at infinity. Then the surface of the medium aty= 0 suggests these conditions

wherep2is the applied constant temperature to the boundary.

Substituting the expressions of the considered quantities in these boundary conditions, to obtain the values of the constantsRn(n= 1 , 2, ..., 6) .

Particularcases

In the present work we consider the following particular cases:

(i) Non-rotating medium: taking ?= 0 in Eqs. (2.1) and( 2.2 ).

(ii) Absence of the gravity: takingg= 0 in Eq. (2.1) .

(iii) Absence of micropolar: taking α, β, γ ,k?,j= 0 in Eqs. (2.1) and ( 2.2 ).

4.Numerical results and discussion

To illustrate the obtained theoretical results; according to Eringen [22] the magnesium crystal-like thermoelastic micropolar material was taken, (SI units are used).

These numerical values are used to obtain the variation of the real parts of the displacementu, the microtemperature vectorw1, the temperatureT, the stress σyy, the microrotation φ3and the first flux momentqxywith the distancey.

Figs. 1 -6 represent the change in the behavior of the physical quantities against the distanceyin 2-D withg= 9 . 8 m/ s2,in the case of ?= 0. 4 rad/ s , 0.

Figs. 7 -12 show the behavior of the physical quantities against the distanceyin 2-D during ?= 0. 4 rad/ s in the case ofg= 9 . 8m/s2, andg= 0. Figs. 13-15 depict the variation of the physical quantities against distanceyin 2-D in the case of presence and absence of micropolar when the rotation and the gravity are present.

Fig. 1 shows the variation of the displacement component μ which increases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤ 2, 3 ≤y≤ 4.5, 5.5 ≤y≤ 8 and 8.5 ≤y≤ 15, while it decreases in the ranges 2 ≤y≤ 3, 4.5 ≤y≤ 5.5 and 8 ≤y≤ 8.5 with the increase of the rotation.

Fig. 2 clarifies the variation of the microtemperatures vectorw1. It is seen thatw1decreases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤1, 2.5 ≤y≤ 3.5, 4.5 ≤y≤ 6, 7 ≤y≤ 8, 9 ≤y≤ 10.5, 11.5≤y≤ 12.5 and 14 ≤y≤ 15, while it increases in the ranges 1 ≤y≤ 2.5, 3.5 ≤y≤ 4.5, 6 ≤y≤ 7, 8 ≤y≤ 9, 10.5 ≤y≤ 11.5 and 12.5 ≤y≤ 15 with the increase of the rotation.

It is clear that from Fig. 3 the variation of the temperatureTincreases with the increase of the rotation through 0 ≤y≤ 15.

Fig. 1. Variation of the displacement μagainst y .

Fig. 2. Variation of the microtemperatures vector w 1 against y .

Fig. 3. Variation of the temperature T against y .

Fig. 4. Variation of the stress σyy against y .

Fig. 4 depicts the variation of the normal stress σyy, which increases with the increase of the rotation for 0 ≤y≤ 15.Fig. 5 explains that the microrotation vector φ3increases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤ 1, 1.5 ≤y≤ 2.5, 3.5 ≤y≤ 5, 6 ≤y≤ 6.5,7 ≤y≤ 9 and 10 ≤y≤ 15 while it decreases in the ranges 1 ≤y≤ 1.5, 2.5 ≤y≤ 3.5, 5 ≤y≤ 6, 6.5 ≤y≤ 7 and 7 ≤y≤ 10 with the increase of the rotation.

Fig. 6 determines the variation of the first heat flux momentqxy, it is noticed thatqxydecreases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤0.3, 0.7 ≤y≤ 1.9, 3.1 ≤y≤ 4.2, 5.3 ≤y≤ 6.5, 7.5 ≤y≤ 8.7, 9.7 ≤y≤ 11 and 12 ≤y≤ 15, while it increases in the intervals 0.3 ≤y≤ 0.7, 1.9 ≤y≤ 3.1, 4.2 ≤y≤ 5.3, 6.5≤y≤ 7.5, 8.7 ≤y≤ 9.7 and 11 ≤y≤ 12 with the increase of the rotation.

It can be deduced that the rotation has an effective role in the variation of all the physical quantities in the problem.

Fig. 7 shows that the displacement componentuincreases for 0 ≤y≤ 15 with the increase of the gravity. Fig. 8 clarifies the variation of the microtemperatures vectorw1, which increases fory＞ 0 with the increase in the gravity.

It is clear that from Fig. 9 the variation of the temperatureTincreases with the increase of the gravity for 0 ≤y≤ 15.Fig. 10 depicts the variation of the normal stress σyywhich increases with the increase of the gravity for 0 ≤y≤ 15.

Fig. 11 explains that the variation of the microrotation vector φ3decreases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤ 1, 2 ≤y≤ 3 and 4 ≤y≤ 15, while it increases in the ranges 1 ≤y≤ 2, and 3 ≤y≤ 4 with the increase of the gravity.

Fig. 5. Variation of the microrotation vector φ3 against y .

Fig. 6. Variation of the first heat flux moment q xy against y .

Fig. 7. Variation of the displacement μagainst y .

Fig. 8. Variation of the microtemperatures vector w 1 against y .

Fig. 9. Variation of the temperature T against y .

Fig. 10. Variation of the stress σyy against y .

Fig. 11. Variation of the microrotation vector φ3 against y .

Fig. 12. Variation of the first heat flux moment q xy against y .

Fig. 13. Variation of the displacement μagainst y .

Fig. 12 states that the variation of the first heat flux momentqxy, which decreases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤ 0.5 and 1 ≤y≤ 2, while it increases in the ranges 0.5 ≤y≤ 1 and 2 ≤y≤ 15 with the increase of the gravity. The gravity has a significant role in the variation of the physical quantities in the problem.

Fig. 13 shows the variation of the displacement componentudecreases with the ranges 0 ≤y≤ 1, 4 ≤y≤ 15 and increases in the range 1 ≤y≤ 4 with the increase of micropolarity of the medium. It is clear that from Fig. 14 the variation of the temperatureTincreases with the increase of micropolar parameters in 0 ≤y≤ 15.

Fig. 15 shows the variation of the tangential stress σxy, which increases in the ranges 0 ≤y≤ 1, 2.1 ≤y≤ 2.7,4 ≤y≤ 5, 5.5 ≤y≤ 15 while it decreases in the ranges 1 ≤y≤ 2.1, 2.7 ≤y≤ 4, and 5 ≤y≤ 5.5 with the increase of the micropolar parameters. It is clear that all the functions are continuous and all the curves converge to zero. The micropolar has an important role in the variation of all the physical quantities in the problem.

The 3-D Figs. 16-18 , where ?= 0. 4 rad/ s andg=9 . 8 m/ s2with presence of the micropolar att= 0. 5 s ; show that the behavior ofu, , φ3, and σxy, which propagate like waves and finally converge to their initial states.

5.Conclusions

Fig. 14. Variation of the temperature T against y .

Fig. 15. Variation of the stress σxy against y .

Fig. 16. the 3-D curve of the displacement μversus the distances.

Fig. 17. the 3-D curve of the microrotation vector φ3 versus the distances.

Fig. 18. the 3-D curve of the stress σxy versus the distances.

The results presented in this article may be serving as benchmarks for many branches for the future technology. The microtemperatures theory is a very useful theory in the field of geophysics and earthquake engineering and seismologist working in the field of mining tremors and drilling into the earth's crust. It is found that the rotation and the gravity have great roles in the variation of the considered physical quantities as micropolar presence. The value of all physical quantities converges to zero with increasing the distanceyand all the functions are continuous.

Appendix