雷欽斯和博納杜茨村社區(qū)工作空間，雷欽斯，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計：米夏埃爾·海米；米歇爾·瓦塞拉；諾貝特·馬蒂斯

Architects: Consortium CREST AULT: Michael Hemmi, Haldenstein & Michele Vassella, Chur & Norbert Mathis, Chur

1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

建筑師米夏埃爾·海米、米歇爾·瓦塞拉曾與諾貝特·馬蒂斯聯(lián)合組建事務(wù)所，能參加像雷欽斯社區(qū)工作空間這樣的大型競賽。這些建筑師對建筑材料充滿信心，相信以當(dāng)代的創(chuàng)新方式、利用傳統(tǒng)建筑就能帶來無限可能。

林地院落和帶消防站的維護區(qū)位于博納杜茨和雷欽斯這兩座村莊之間。它位于建造區(qū)的盡頭。這兩座長長的建筑構(gòu)成了阻擋強風(fēng)的院落。主體建筑由垂直的木構(gòu)件建成，即落葉松木板。這種木材出自兩市的森林。對于這種耐久的木建筑，建筑師使用了月相木材（月木），其特性在于穩(wěn)定、耐久、防火、堅硬、抗蟲等。施工理念是對傳統(tǒng)“井干”的現(xiàn)代演繹，即采用水平木條在角部交叉加固。這座建筑的榫接體系使消防站的車庫僅為單層外墻成為可能。木條的尺寸是12cm×24cm，立在最小化的混凝土基礎(chǔ)上。木構(gòu)件為工字形，通過凹槽相互連接。

消防員的辦公室和會客室有供暖，所以采用了內(nèi)保溫。兩座高起的建筑從整體中凸出，并將其劃分為不同的功能區(qū)。

對于露天車庫，建筑師采用了不同的水平木料施工方式，甚至設(shè)計了木鹽倉。通常這種設(shè)施會采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和預(yù)制的構(gòu)件。落葉松構(gòu)件之間清晰可見的垂直開口、不同建筑體量的塑造，以及統(tǒng)一建筑材料的使用使建筑構(gòu)成了一個精美細(xì)致的整體。（尚晉 譯）

3 外景/Exterior view

The architects Michael Hemmi, Michele Vassella,who during the competition still had a joined office teamed up with Norbert Mathis to be able to participate in a larger competition like the communal work space in Rh?züns. The architects trust in building materials and in the possibility one can gain if one uses traditional architecture in a creative contemporary way.

The wood courtyard and maintenance area with fire department is situated between the two villages Bonaduz and Rh?züns. It is at the final end of the construction zone. The two long buildings form a courtyard which shelters from the strong winds. The main building is constructed out of vertical wooden elements. The main building is constructed out of wooden planks in larch. The wood comes out of the forests of the two municipalities. For this standing wooden construction the architects used moon phase wood (moon wood), which has specific qualities of stability, durability, fire resistance, hardness, resistance against vermin and the alike. The construction principal is a modern adaption of the traditional"Strickbau", which would be a horizontal constriction and interlink and stabilise the construction in the corners. The constriction system, which was developed for this building, made it possible to build the outside wall for the vehicle in the fire depot in one layer. The wooden planks have a dimension of 12 × 24 cm and are placed on minimal concrete fundaments. The wooden elements have an H shape and are interlinked with each other through shape slots.

The offices and the sitting rooms from the fireman are heated and therefore insulated from the inside. The two head buildings, which stick out, stricture the ensemble and divide it into its functions.

For the open carport the architects used different construction principles with horizontal wooden elements. The architects designed even the wooden salt silo. Normally such facilities use standardised and prefabricated elements. The visually very present vertical gaps between the lark elements,the sculptural use of different building volumes and the use of the same construction material binds the buildings together to a fine and precise ensemble.

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 二層平面/1st floor plan

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 博納杜茨和雷欽斯市政府/Municipalities Bonaduz and Rh?züns

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Walter Bieler

施工時間/Building Year: 2009-2010

攝影/Photos: Ralph Feiner

6 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

7 橫剖面/Cross section

8 眺望/Overlook

評論

鄒歡：這個位于瑞士山區(qū)小鎮(zhèn)邊緣的消防站遠(yuǎn)看去完全是一個田間谷倉——這正是許多瑞士建筑師的創(chuàng)作靈感源泉。由消防站功能決定的建筑平面布局和體型，用田間谷倉的傳統(tǒng)建筑材料——豎條木板來實現(xiàn)，加入了混凝土的協(xié)助，平實樸素，符合消防站簡潔高效的功能要求。所有的細(xì)節(jié)都由構(gòu)造的邏輯來體現(xiàn)，材料顏色也未加修飾。但是建筑師并不滿足于田間谷倉的簡單復(fù)制，于是在連續(xù)的外墻面上通過一個簡單的措施來加強設(shè)計感——錯動角度的木板拼接形成一個有節(jié)奏感的立面，在陽光的照射下形成生動的有韻律的光影。胡恒：這樣規(guī)模的建筑群采用全木外墻和屋頂，很有氣魄，亦可見設(shè)計者的野心。概念有了，空間布置精當(dāng)（平面太漂亮了），技術(shù)的配合也很完善，自然會出來好作品。不過，我看該設(shè)計的真正要點在露天車庫。這排倉庫類的功能性用房，按通常的做法是毋需多費心思，簡單處理了事。但這里被設(shè)計的燦爛奪目，像一只文藝復(fù)興時期的細(xì)木鑲嵌的珠寶匣。停在里面的工程車，也像是一塊塊一串串珠光寶氣的首飾、玩物，既華麗又可愛，意趣盎然。我想，這跟富庶與否或工業(yè)化程度關(guān)系不大，它表現(xiàn)出的是建筑理念的層級——即使是一個車庫，它仍然是文明、文化的象征。

9 樓梯間/Staircase

Comments

ZOU Huan: Looking from a distance, this fire station which is located on the edge of a Swiss mountain town is nothing more than a field barn – a source of inspiration for many Swiss architects. The architectural layout and size that are determined by the fire station functions are achieved with the traditional building materials of field barns – wooden boards – with the assistance of concrete. It's plain, simple and efficient, which meets the functional requirements of fire stations. All the details are expressed by the logic of structure, and the colours of the materials are not modified. But the architect is not satisfied with a simple copy of a field barn, so he strengthens the sense of design by a simple treatment on the continuous outer wall – to form a rhythmic facade by putting together wooden boards with shifted angles, which forms vivid rhythm of light under the sunlight. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

HU Heng: It is very courageous and ambitious for the architects to adopt entirely wood exterior walls and roofs for the building complex of this kind of scale. With the concept ready, the spatial layout is very delicate and appropriate, technical support is also optimized.Therefore, what presented is a beautiful work. However,I believe the real gist of the design is the open carport.Usually, this array of functional rooms similar to warehouses may not require so much deliberation. But they are designed so dazzling, like a jewelry box from the Renaissance cladded with fine wood slats. The fire trucks parked inside are like shiny pieces of jewelries and toys, which are gorgeous, cute and very interesting.I wonder this has little to do with wealth and the degree of industrialization. It is more likely an expression of the hierarchy of the architecture philosophy – even though it is a garage, it isnone the less a symbol of civilization and culture. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

10 車庫/Carport