塔爾校舍及幼兒園，塔爾，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：安杰拉·多伊貝爾Architect: Angela Deuber

1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

建筑師安杰拉·多伊貝爾專注于結(jié)構(gòu)的本質(zhì)及結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊感（精簡到最大化）。結(jié)構(gòu)在呈現(xiàn)建筑的過程中扮演著重要角色。她用結(jié)構(gòu)來闡述建筑的空間組織和歷史。視覺結(jié)構(gòu)和真實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)有時無需完全相同，但可以相互體現(xiàn)建筑單體的組織性與功能性。塔爾小學(xué)項(xiàng)目中，隱藏在雙層結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的功能為學(xué)校帶來了一種私密的氛圍。結(jié)構(gòu)及陽臺的形式不會讓孩子們暴露在外，可以在令人驚訝的私密空間里玩耍。

塔爾新建成的這座學(xué)校與原有的教堂一起構(gòu)成了村子的新中心。它位于一塊均勻的坡地中間，每個立面都根據(jù)坡度進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。地塊沿對角線分為坡底的果園和頂部的柏油區(qū)。從路上看，這所新的小學(xué)和幼兒園坐落在一片郁蔥的風(fēng)景之中，臺階和場地的自然坡將它與街道連接起來。

建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個由柱和樓板構(gòu)成的體系，中間由用于保溫的間隙隔開。外觀為齊整的立面，與內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)一同支撐著混凝土板的重量。它們都承擔(dān)著結(jié)構(gòu)荷載，而在構(gòu)造上是相互獨(dú)立的。教室由非結(jié)構(gòu)性的泥漿砌塊墻分開，并可以根據(jù)學(xué)校未來的要求移除。

淺灰色的混凝土立面表現(xiàn)出一種鮮明的外觀。碩大的過梁由堅(jiān)固的內(nèi)柱支撐，并朝著結(jié)構(gòu)樓板的角部和中間敞開；在這里，松木窗框可與房間等高。墻體的厚度與洞口的三角造型帶來了一種隨建筑位置而變化的空間感受：中心的室內(nèi)特征在靠近邊緣處進(jìn)行了弱化，以便讓視線融入曠野。（尚晉 譯）

3 外景/Exterior view

4 有支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的會堂內(nèi)景/Interior view of the auditorium with the supporting structure

The architect Angela Deuber focuses on her work on the essential (reduced to the maximum)and compact structures. Therefore the building structure pays an important role to explain the building. She uses the structure to explain the spatial organisation and the history of a building.The visual structure and the real structure do not need to be the same but help each other to express and show how the volume is organised and functions. In the school in Thal the functions behind two layers of structure and give the school rooms an intimate atmosphere. Because of the shape of the structure and the balconies the children are not exposed to the outside and work and play in astonishing intimate spaces.

Together with the existing Church, the recently completed school in Thal forms the new centre of the village. It stands in the middle of a uniformly sloping plot whose incline adjusts each of the elevations independently. The plot is divideddiagonally into an orchard on the lower slope and a tarred area on the upper. Seen from the road, the new primary school and kindergarten sits in a green landscape accessible from the street via steps or the natural rise of the site.

The structure consists of a column and slab system split by the fissure created for insulation.The exterior expression is an articulated facade that,united with the internal structure, supports the weight of the concrete slabs. Both carry structural loads and are constructionally interdependent. The classrooms are divided by non-structural slurried clay block walls, which can be removed according to the school’s future requirements.

The light grey concrete facade has a strong physical presence. Supported by stout internal columns, exaggerated lintels open up toward the corners and middle of the structural floor slabs where larch window frames are allowed to reach the full height of the room. The thickness of the wall, and the triangular geometry of the openings,produces a spatial experience that is modulated according to ones position in the building: the interiority in the centre is relieved nearing the edge allowing the view to dissolve into the open.

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 二層平面/1st floor plan

7 三層平面/2nd floor plan

8 軸測圖/Axonometric plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 塔爾市政府/Municipality of Thal

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Patrick Gartmann (Conzett Bronzini Gartmann AG)

原校舍的拆除時間/Demolition of the existing school building: 2011.08

建設(shè)周期/Period: 2009-2013

施工時間/Construction: 2011.09

竣工時間/Completion: Autumn 2013

攝影/Photos: Schaub Stierli Fotografie

評論

白晨：建筑由室內(nèi)外兩個獨(dú)立的結(jié)構(gòu)組成：異化為外廊的外維護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)和主體建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)。表達(dá)了建筑物在室內(nèi)外不同的態(tài)度和作用。從遠(yuǎn)看，這個建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)烈，但其實(shí)是很充分地應(yīng)用了從所在地環(huán)境印象中得到混凝土的母題。從室內(nèi)看，內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的三角形梁稍暗，梁之間形成了與周圍建筑相和諧的洞口。外結(jié)構(gòu)的三角形欄桿，明亮，響應(yīng)地平線和山脈的形態(tài)。

張?jiān)纾夯炷恋耐獠勘憩F(xiàn)，來自地形的斜線，這些斜線與三角形的變截面梁體的整合，鉸接懸臂體系下只受軸力的短柱，向外部開放的角部，獨(dú)立的外表皮與廊道系統(tǒng)，兩個結(jié)構(gòu)體縫隙間保溫層的填充，以及外廊扶手上花費(fèi)的心思，構(gòu)成了這座建筑硬性的指向建造藝術(shù)（Baukunst）的部分，仿佛千百年來它有責(zé)任要長成這種樣子。而作為一棟公共建筑，它仍需要它軟性的部分，即使這部分只是分隔內(nèi)部空間的白色填充墻體及木質(zhì)的家具。它們被賦予了極少的形式力量，似乎無需多久就可以被改動、被剝?nèi)ィ珓幼鬏p盈、可信。外廊中柱避讓入口所發(fā)生的詼諧偏擺，可以看成是生活的柔軟刻入了堅(jiān)硬的藝術(shù)自治。

9 內(nèi)景/Interior views

10 內(nèi)景/Interior views

11 結(jié)構(gòu)體系的內(nèi)柱與外柱/The inner and the outer shell of the structural system

Comments

BAI Chen: The exterior and interior structures of the building are independent systems: the building envelope, acting as the veranda, and the main building. This is an expression of different attitudes and effects of the building from inside and outside. Seen from afar, the expression of the building structure is very strong. It is in effect a thorough application of the concrete motif generated from the impression of the site.From the inside, the triangle beams of the interior structure seem to be darker. The beams formed geometric openings that are harmonious with the surrounding buildings. The triangle balustrades outside are lighter, echoing with the shapes of horizon and mountains. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

ZHANG Zao: The external performance of concrete, the oblique lines that come from the terrain, the integration of these oblique lines and the variant-sectioned triangle beams, the short columns in the hinge-cantilever system that only bear axial forces, the corners that open to the outside, the independent outer skin and corridor system, the filling of insulation layer in the gap between the two structural systems, and the thoughts spent on the arm rails of the verandas, formed the hard part of this building that points to construction art (Baukunst), as if after thousands of years it has the responsibility to grow like this. But as a public building, it still needs its soft part, even if this part is just the white filled walls that separate the inner spaces and the wooden furnitures. They are given very little power of form, as if they can be changed or stripped away before long, but the actions are light and believable.The humorous deflection of the veranda central column to avoid the entrance can be regarded as the softness of life carved into the hard autonomy of art. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)