顛倒住宅，大紀町，日本

建筑設(shè)計：奧斯陸建筑學院與拉斐爾·祖博爾，隈研吾事務所

Architects: Oslo School of Architecture with Raphael Zuber, Kengo Kuma and Associates

1 外景/Exterior views

今天，建筑師拉斐爾·祖博爾對建筑空間和空間的意義更感興趣。他致力于為每個空間賦予建筑個性化的表達。結(jié)構(gòu)是組織建筑并使建筑有序化的重要組成部分，即便在這個由學生和教授組成的大團隊中開發(fā)的項目當中，拉斐爾·祖博爾的影響仍然強烈而明顯。

2015年4月，奧斯陸建筑與設(shè)計學院（AHO）摘得LIXIL國際大學建筑設(shè)計競賽一等獎。次年夏天，他們在隈研吾事務所的建筑師指導下，將設(shè)計深化并繪制施工圖。2016年冬天，這棟“顛倒住宅”在北海道大紀町建成，期間設(shè)計團隊與當?shù)亟ㄔO(shè)方在工地緊密合作。如今，這座住宅在開闊的美目草原上等待其作為第五屆競賽住宅的新生。

競賽主題是反常規(guī)的：“享受極寒之宅”。過去，建筑室內(nèi)外之間存在強硬的邊界，隔絕外部寒冷的同時保持內(nèi)部溫度。而“顛倒住宅”希望挑戰(zhàn)這一理念，將外部世界的“凜冽”帶入室內(nèi)。這棟建筑將供暖的室內(nèi)空間最小化，轉(zhuǎn)而創(chuàng)造一系列室外灰空間，在斯堪的納維亞的簡樸思維下演繹了日本傳統(tǒng)數(shù)寄屋的遺產(chǎn)。建筑粗獷的墻面界定了景觀中的清晰界限，并將精確表達的木制屋頂與地板粘連為一體。由此形成的整體成為一個工具，用風、雪和陽光來改變居者對世界的感受。

住宅的入口部分由一對交叉墻體界定——花園室，這里匯聚了冬雪，并在高墻的陰影下保存至晚春。由此穿過主入口，進入室外起居室，一組不同標高的木質(zhì)地板將人引向壁爐，而緩坡屋頂則綿延至周邊的景觀和日落的遠方。隔壁是廚房，由一架陡坡屋面遮擋強風。一條走道穿過交叉墻體，進入室內(nèi)空間：一處逼仄、昏暗的空間，通過一臺開敞壁爐取暖。一扇狹長、低矮的窗戶將視野聚焦于室外花園室的冬雪或夏花。房間另一端，則是最私密的空間：一個浴缸藏在墻后的低矮屋頂下，還有一塊床板漂浮在雪地上，面朝日出，屋頂天窗朝向草原上的穹窿。

顛倒住宅是許多片段的巧妙組合，而非任何一個統(tǒng)領(lǐng)性的設(shè)計概念。每一片墻體、地板、屋頂、柱子和臺階的比例及關(guān)系都經(jīng)過仔細推敲——尤其是每個元素與建筑整體以及所在環(huán)境的關(guān)系。（黃華青 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: LIXIL JS Foundation

類別/Object: 旅館/Guest house

地點/Location: 158-1 Memu, Taiki-cho, Hiroo-gun, Hokkaido,Japan

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: 奧斯陸建筑與設(shè)計學院/AHO (The Oslo School of Architecture and Design) 學生/Students:Laura Cristea, Mari Hellum, Stefan Hurrell, Niklas Lenander導師/Tutors: Neven Fuchs-Mikac, Thomas McQuillan,Raphael Zuber

本地建筑師/Local Architects: 隈研吾事務所/Kengo Kuma and Associates (Takumi Saikawa, Katsuhito Komatsu)

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineer: Oak Structural Design Office(Masato Araya)

總承建商/General Constructor: Takahashi Construction Company (Hideyuki Hirakawa)

面積/Area: 140 m2

建設(shè)周期/Construction: 2015.09 – 2016.02

攝影/Photos: Shinkenchiku-sha

線圖/Drawings: AHO Team

2 外景/Exterior views

Today the architect Raphael Zuber is much more interested in the architectural space and the meaning of the space. He focuses on the specific essence each space has to give the building its character and individual expression. Never the less, the structure is an important part to organize and order the building.Even this project was developed in a large team at the AHO with students and professors, among them Raphael Zuber–his influence remains strong and obvious. And still today he designs in this essential spatial way.

In April of 2015, The Oslo School of Architecture and Design (AHO) was awarded the first prize in the LIXIL International University Architectural Competition. During the following summer, they developed the project in detail and made construction drawings, supervised by architects from Kengo Kuma and Associates. In winter 2015-2016 the Inverted House was built in Taiki-cho, Hokkaido, and the students from AHO were working closely on site with the local contractor throughout the process. Now the house is awaiting its new life as the 5th competition house on the open fields of Memu Meadows.

The theme of the competition was atypical: "House for Enjoying the Harsh Cold". Traditionally, architecture has created a strong division between inside and outside,keeping the cold at bay while preserving heat within.The Inverted House seeks to challenge this idea and to bring the "harshness" of the world into the house itself.By minimalising heated interior spaces and creating a series of sheltered exterior spaces, the building reads the legacy of traditional Japanese Sukiya-zukuri in the light of Scandinavian frugality. Its rough walls create a clear division in the landscape, holding together precisely articulated wooden roofs and floors. The resulting unity becomes an instrument, using wind, snow and sun to change the feeling of the world for its inhabitants.

The house is approached through the first space defined by the cross-wall: the Garden Room, that gathers snow in winter and keeps it until late spring in the shadow of the high walls. From here, the Outside Living Room is entered through the main entrance,where a series of elevated wooden floors leads to the fireplace, while a large, gently sloping roof extends toward the surroundings and the sunset. Adjacent, the Room for Cooking is protected from the strong winds by a very steep roof. A passage around the cross wall leads to a protected interior, an Inside Room, a narrow,dark space heated by an open fireplace. A long, low window focuses the view on winter snow or summer flowers in the Garden Room outside. At the other end,one finds the most intimate spaces: a bathtub is hidden beyond the wall, closely under the roof, and a sleeping platform floats above the snow, facing the sunrise,with a roof opening towards Memu's full sky.

The Inverted House is a delicate instrumentation of many pieces, rather than one dominating concept.Each wall, floor, roof, pillar, and step, has been carefully considered in proportion and relation to the building as a whole and to the world in which it is built.

3 平面圖/Plan

4 遠眺/Overlook

評論

賈蓮娜：為享受極寒而建的房子，一個有意思的命題。從遠處看，淺色的混凝土墻形成像巖壁一樣的避風處，走近后會發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個從幾個方向看來截然不同的房子：有火的寬大檐下，分享食物和歡聚；混凝土巖壁下是一處遮風避雨的室外臥室；巖壁的后面藏著幽暗狹窄的室內(nèi)空間，從外部看它是一個讓人安下心來的大坡屋頂。垂直的混凝土和水平的木構(gòu)件；淺色的墻體與深色的屋檐，形成對比。最長的那堵混凝土墻的兩端是水與火。冷與熱、內(nèi)與外、明與暗，互相凸顯又相互依存。這似乎是一個為場所感驅(qū)動的設(shè)計。巖壁、檐下、壁爐、煙囪，或許在這里確實能讓人體驗到某種更為原始和接近本質(zhì)的生活。相互分離的“房間”像是一個正常房子各個部分的展開，使用場景的完整性和內(nèi)在邏輯（比如煙囪之于火）在這兒是更為重要的，而不是一個建筑的外部整體形象。一座內(nèi)外顛倒的房子。

鄒歡：正如建筑師設(shè)定的主題——感受極度的寒冷，這所位于日本北海道的住宅讓人真真切切地感受到了呼嘯的北風和皚皚的白雪所帶來的感官刺激。在水平方向上展開的體量使建筑與雪地帖服在一起，低矮的水平帶形窗更讓人產(chǎn)生置身于雪中的感覺。夸張的體量元素碎片化處理，造成水平立面上大塊的陰影，同時形成層次豐富的外部灰空間，使居住者與外界的接觸更為多樣化，加強了居住體驗，抑或是與寒冷的共舞。素混凝土的建筑外表一如既往地傳達出日本味道，灰色和黑色混凝土與茫茫雪原共同組成一幅寒冷孤寂的畫面。

5 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Comments

JIA Lian'na: This is a house built for enjoying the harsh coldness, which is an interesting topic. Seen from a distance, the light tone concrete walls form a shelter like nature rocks. At a closer look, this house has a rather different facade from each side. There's a fire place at the side with the big eave,telling the story of food-sharing and reunions. There's an open bedroom at the concrete rock-like side.The narrow and dim interior space is hidden behind the concrete walls. It looks like a very comforting big sloped roof from the outside. The vertical concrete and horizontal timber components, the light tone walls and dark color eaves, are in contrast with each other. At the ends of the longest concrete wall there is water and fire. Cold and hot, outside and inside, light and dark – each quality highlights its opposite, and coexists in dependence. This house seems to be a design driven by the place. Rocks,roof eave, fireplace, chimney... perhaps living in here can make people experience the life that is more primitive and closer to the essence. The separated "rooms" look like an expanded arrangement of a common house. The integrity of usage scenario and inherent logics, e.g. chimney vs. fire, are more important here, rather than the exterior look of the house. It is a house inside out. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)ZOU Huan: Just like the theme the architect set – to experience the harsh cold, this house that is located in Hokkaido, Japan let people genuinely feel the sensory stimulation brought by the howling north wind and the pure white snow. The mass that spread horizontally kept the building and the snow together. The low striped windows give people the feeling of being in the snow even more. The dramatic fragmentation processing of the body elements creates massive shadows on horizontal facades, and forms rich outer disheartened space in the meantime, which makes the contact between the occupants and the outside world more diverse, strengthens the living experience, or the dance with the cold. The plain concrete appearance of the building conveys the Japanese feeling as always. The gray and black concrete and the vast snowfield together composed a cold and lonely picture. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)