阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心

地址：利雅得，沙特阿拉伯

施工時間：2014年-2017年

建筑師：扎哈·哈迪德建筑事務(wù)所

建筑設(shè)計：扎哈?哈迪德，派特里克?舒馬赫

項目規(guī)模：占地面積約70 000平方米

攝影師：Hufton+Crow

阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心是一座非盈利機構(gòu)，致力于進行政策方面的獨立研究，以提高全球能源使用效率并改善社會福祉。

七萬平米的研究中心由五座建筑組成：能源知識中心、能源計算中心、會議中心（配有展覽廳和可容納300人的禮堂）、有10萬冊文獻的圖書館，以及供教徒在校園內(nèi)做禮拜的Musalla。

研究中心的設(shè)計在技術(shù)和環(huán)境方面做了充分的考量，將校園內(nèi)的五個元素融為一個整體，并考慮了利雅得高原的環(huán)境條件，力求將能耗降到最低。它也是扎哈?哈迪德建筑事務(wù)所第一座即將被美國綠色建筑協(xié)會授予LEED鉑金級認證的建筑。

建筑師將研究中心設(shè)計為細胞狀的、部分模塊化的系統(tǒng)，將不同的樓整合在一起，通過互通的公共空間連為一體。

六邊棱形的蜂巢狀結(jié)構(gòu)得以使用最少的材料在限定的體量下創(chuàng)造一格一格的單元。這種結(jié)構(gòu)和布局原則將研究中心設(shè)計為沙漠中凝結(jié)在一起的結(jié)晶體，也是對于當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境條件和內(nèi)部規(guī)劃的最佳解決方案。蜂巢的格子向它們的中軸壓縮，仿佛自然界中向西流淌的旱谷的外延。

研究中心從本質(zhì)上看是進行前瞻性研究的機構(gòu)，而阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心的建筑也同樣對未來做了規(guī)劃，這種形態(tài)的構(gòu)型可以在不犧牲研究中心視覺特色的同時進行擴展。

研究中心模塊化的設(shè)計創(chuàng)造了一種統(tǒng)一且連續(xù)的組織化的、空間的和結(jié)構(gòu)的模式，調(diào)動了所有的元素。六邊形的單元與四邊的矩形相比也提供了更多的聯(lián)結(jié)。

研究中心五座建筑的大小和布局各有不同，以便最大限度地滿足各自的功能。每座建筑都做了功能分區(qū)，可適應(yīng)不同需求或者工作方式的變化。如需額外增加單元，也可通過擴展研究中心的蜂巢格子輕易實現(xiàn)，以應(yīng)對未來研究中心可能的擴張。

研究中心建筑群的特定布局和形態(tài)也有利于緩和利雅得高原強烈的陽光和酷熱的天氣。

校園的建筑群中間有一座大型庭院。由鋼柱組成的森林撐起一片林冠，為庭院遮陰避日。校園大門朝西北向，仿佛一個堅硬的保護殼，隔絕了來自南邊炙熱的陽光，也使得來自北方的風(fēng)可以在溫?zé)岬脑路轂橥ピ航禍?。此外，它也為校園未來向北的擴張帶來便利，同時可以與西邊的研究人員的公寓生活社區(qū)建立連接。

本著行人優(yōu)先的原則，校園內(nèi)的每一座建筑都是從中央的庭院進入，這座庭院也可用作集會場所和溫?zé)峒竟?jié)各建筑間的連接通道。此外，主要建筑之間還有一條地下通道，以方便在一年中最炎熱的時間在校園內(nèi)通行。

相對比于外部用于隔絕酷熱天氣的堅硬的保護殼，研究中心建筑的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)則是孔狀的。每一座建筑中都有一系列特殊的六邊形孔洞，創(chuàng)造了可庇蔭的天井，同時柔化了射入建筑內(nèi)的光線。

基于太陽和風(fēng)向等條件，如晶體結(jié)構(gòu)般的棱形孔洞在南方、西方以及東方是偏高的，使內(nèi)部空間免于陽光直射，這樣偏向北方和西北方的天井就為內(nèi)部空間帶來非直射的陽光。

置于每一個天井南側(cè)屋頂?shù)摹安讹L(fēng)者”可以捕捉來自北方的季風(fēng)，為每一個天井帶來涼意。

研究中心的建筑致力于提升透明性，鼓勵研究者和來訪者之間積極交流。中央?yún)^(qū)域不同層的地板錯落排列，創(chuàng)造出空間的層次感，可看到上層和下層空間，為公共區(qū)域的層與層之間創(chuàng)造了透明性，在這里研究者們可以進行日常會面和交流，而安全區(qū)和需要私密性的房間則被安排到樓層重疊不透明的地方。

基于以下主動和被動的解決方案，阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心被美國綠色建筑協(xié)會授予LEED鉑金級認證：

? 通過建筑塊化、朝向設(shè)計、外墻優(yōu)化、系統(tǒng)選擇，以及會議中心南向屋頂?shù)拿磕?000兆瓦時發(fā)電量的太陽能光伏陣列，研究中心可節(jié)能45%（基于美國采暖，制冷與空調(diào)工程師學(xué)會的基線標(biāo)準）。

? 所有研究中心的飲用水在當(dāng)?shù)匮h(huán)再利用，而全部的灌溉用水都來自非飲用水源。

? 40%的研究中心建筑材料都采自500英里之內(nèi)，30%的建筑材料來自于回收物。

? 98%的建筑木材由森林管理委員會認證。

? 大約4000噸廢物未通過垃圾填埋來處理。

阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心被霍尼韋爾智能建筑獎稱為沙特阿拉伯“最智能”的建筑。在環(huán)境可持續(xù)性、安全性和生產(chǎn)力三個維度上，研究中心都獲得了非常高的分數(shù)。

KAPSARC (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Centre) is a non-profit institution for independent research into policies that contribute to the most eあective use of energy to provide economic and social wellbeing across the globe.

KAPSARC develops policies and economic frameworks that reduce the environmental impact and overall costs of energy supply and enable practical technology-enabled solutions to use energy more eきciently.Collaborating with international research centres, public policy organizations, worldwide government institutions and global industry, KAPSARC brings together leading experts from around the world to tackle energy challenges; freely sharing its knowledge, insights and analytical frameworks.

The 70,000m2 KAPSARC campus incorporates fi ve key buildings: the Energy Knowledge Centre; the Energy Computer Centre; a Conference Centre with exhibition hall and 300-seat auditorium; a Research Library with archives for 100,000 volumes; and the Musalla.

KAPSARC’s design has solid technical and environmental considerations at its heart, drawing the fi ve elements of the campus into a uni fi ed whole. Recently awarded LEED Platinum certi fi cation by the US Green Building Council, the centre is designed in response to the environmental conditions of the Riyadh Plateau to minimise energy and resource consumption.

The primary organising strategy of the design is a cellular, partially modular system that integrates diあerent departmental buildings as a single ensemble with interconnecting public spaces.

Hexagonal prismatic honeycomb structures use the least material to create a lattice of cells within agiven volume. This structural and organizational principle determined KAPSARC’s composition as an amalgamation of crystalline forms that emerges from the desert landscape, evolving to best respond to the environmental conditions and internal programme requirements. The honeycomb grid is compressed towards its central axis as an extension of the natural wadi that runs to the west.

A research centre is by its very nature a forward-looking institution and KAPSARC’s architecture also looks to the future with a formal composition that can expand or adapt without compromising the centre’s visual character.

The modular design generates consistent organisational, spatial and structural strategies that drive all elements of the plan. The six sides of the hexagonal cells also oあer greater opportunities for increased connectivity when compared to rectangular cells with only four sides.

KAPSARC’s fi ve buildings diあer in size and organisation to best suit their use. Each building is divided into its component functions and can be adapted to respond to changes in requirements or working methods. Additional cells can readily be introduced by extending KAPSARC’s honeycomb grid for future expansion of the research campus.

The speci fi c arrangement and form of KAPSARC’s buildings contribute to softening the strong light and heat of the Riyadh Plateau.

The buildings of the campus surround a large public courtyard shaded by canopies supported from a forest of crafted steel columns. Presenting a solid, protecting shell to the harsh sunlight from the south,the KAPSARC campus opens to north and west; encouraging prevailing winds from the north to cool the courtyard during temperate months and facilitating connections with any future expansion of the campus to the north, as well as creating connections with the researcher’s residential community to the west.

Privileging the pedestrian, each of the buildings within the campus is entered through this central public courtyard that also serves as a meeting space and link between buildings during temperate seasons. An underground link also connects the main buildings on the campus for use at the hottest times of the year.

With its strong, protective shell on the exterior that shields from the extremes in weather, KAPSARC’s architecture is porous within. Speci fi c hexagonal cells strategically located within each building are left open to create a series of sheltered courtyards that bring softly-controlled daylight into the interior.

Orientated for the sun and wind conditions, the crystalline forms of the prismatic architectural cells gain in height towards the south, west, and east to shield internal spaces from direct sunlight, while the courtyards within are oriented to the north and northwest to bring indirect sunlight into the spaces below.

‘Wind-catchers’ integrated within the roof pro fi les on the southern sides of each courtyard catch the prevailing winds from the north, cooling each courtyard.

KAPSARC’s architecture promotes transparency and encourages an active exchange between researchers and visitors. By strategically oあ-setting fl oorplates, spatial layering eあects are created throughout the centre to provide views to the fl oors above and below; oあering transparency between fl oors in public areas designed as collective zones for researchers to meet informally and exchange ideas. Secure areas and rooms requiring privacy are located within areas of each building where fl oorplates overlap.

KAPSARC was recently awarded LEED Platinum certi fi cation from the United States Green Building Council(USGBC) through its application of passive and active solutions including:

A 45% reduction in energy performance (compared to the ASHRAE baseline standards) achived via KAPSARC’s building massing and orientation, fa?ade optimization, system selection and the solar PV array located on the roof of the south-facing Conference Centre with a capacity of 5,000MWh/year.

All KAPSARC’s potable water is recycled and reused on site and 100% of irrigation water is from non-potable sources.

40% of KAPSARC’s construction materials have been sourced from within 500 miles, and 30% of materials made with recycled content.

98% of all wood certi fi ed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

4,000 tonnes of waste separated and diverted from land fi ll.

KAPSARC has also been named Saudi Arabia’s ‘smartest’ building in the Honeywell Smart Building Awards programme. Based on criteria that include environmental sustainability, safety and productivity, KAPSARC received outstanding scores across all three categories.