陳 巍
(珠峰財產(chǎn)保險股份有限公司, 北京 100055)
2017年國務(wù)院發(fā)布《新一代人工智能發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,人工智能作為引領(lǐng)未來的戰(zhàn)略技術(shù),成為國際競爭的新焦點、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的新引擎。工業(yè)4.0本質(zhì)上是將傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)要素彼此連接構(gòu)成巨大網(wǎng)絡(luò),并通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將虛擬世界和現(xiàn)實世界實現(xiàn)更高層次的自動化控制,因此各學(xué)科實現(xiàn)人、機器和虛擬世界底層互連是工業(yè)4.0的要素之一。工業(yè)4.0戰(zhàn)略的核心是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和信息技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的互動平臺上,實現(xiàn)數(shù)字技術(shù)[1-3]、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)[4-5]、智能材料等眾多先進技術(shù)的融合,也包括生物產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)和制造[6],大規(guī)模并行科學(xué)計算[7],和觀測網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)實時監(jiān)控與共享[8]。
人工智能是控制論、信息論、結(jié)構(gòu)生物9等學(xué)科相互滲透的綜合性學(xué)科。在大數(shù)據(jù)進入各領(lǐng)域的今天,人工智能對科學(xué)問題基于底層技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建,才能真正實現(xiàn)工業(yè)4.0的數(shù)據(jù)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化。有了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中基于底層設(shè)備的風(fēng)險控制研究以及密鑰保護[10],才能保證自動駕駛和航行構(gòu)成涵蓋海陸空的空中立體交通系統(tǒng)[11-14]。工業(yè)4.0是新技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上的工業(yè)化加信息化,正是因為系統(tǒng)中嵌入的新技術(shù),比如移動設(shè)備自適應(yīng)動態(tài)補丁[15],寬帶和設(shè)備的健壯性網(wǎng)絡(luò),虛擬現(xiàn)實和人機接口等智能方面,才能實現(xiàn)精益生產(chǎn),使信息物理系統(tǒng)這個基石真正堅固,建立一個基于工業(yè)4.0的體現(xiàn)個性化和數(shù)字化的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)生產(chǎn)模式。
1)智能探月采樣鉆頭:月球環(huán)境的特殊性[16-17]增加了鉆取采樣任務(wù)的難度[18],采樣鉆頭對樣心的影響程度、破碎月壤所需的功耗等參數(shù)以及螺旋鉆桿與月壤顆粒相互摩擦所產(chǎn)生的輸土功耗曲線[19-21]均可以利用計算機得到。
2)安全系統(tǒng):在數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模、設(shè)備種類總量、攻擊方法[22]均爆發(fā)的時代,動態(tài)、細粒度的隨機化方案[23]可以降低攻擊[24]成功率,虛擬化硬件能很好地解決防御上的缺陷[25-26]。
3)陸面過程模式:基于通用陸面過程模式CLM 4.5構(gòu)建了超高分辨率的陸面河岸生態(tài)水文模式[27-28]。高分辨率流域生態(tài)水文模式和人類地下取水用水的陸面模式在全球尺度上被構(gòu)建[29-32]并且分辨率在不斷增加。
4)材料設(shè)計:機器學(xué)習(xí)用于探索鉑金屬在石墨和其他金屬存在下的抗毒性、穩(wěn)定性[33-36],精確預(yù)測全混式反應(yīng)器以及鼓泡塔中細菌在不同反應(yīng)階段的濃度[37-41]。計算機模擬跌落和沖擊環(huán)境可提高產(chǎn)品設(shè)計成熟度[42-43]。
5)結(jié)構(gòu)生物和藥物設(shè)計:計算機輔助X射線晶體學(xué)發(fā)明了以DNA聚合酶β為Host,目標DNA為Guest的新一代快速結(jié)晶系統(tǒng)[44]。此系統(tǒng)直接查看藥物DNA高分辨率相互作用,目前已開發(fā)出有效殺傷乳腺癌和胰腺癌的新藥[45]。
6)計算機輔助藥物設(shè)計:拓撲衍生功能基團對已知藥物高通量基團篩并查進行抗癌藥物研發(fā)[46-50]。以蛋白藥物共結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)的模擬篩查重建甾體類抗癌藥物與蛋白的作用[51]。
7)其他新技術(shù):除其在視覺處理[52]和安全方面[53]的廣泛應(yīng)用,人工智能在大計算量的流體力學(xué)和災(zāi)害模型中也有廣泛應(yīng)用:比如海波極值算法[54-55]和各種隱患消除的新技術(shù)等[56-59]。
工業(yè)4.0發(fā)展過程中產(chǎn)生海量的數(shù)據(jù),在工業(yè)人工智能領(lǐng)域,生產(chǎn)制造個性化、定制化將成為常態(tài),為此互連互通和跨界,將制造業(yè)向智能化轉(zhuǎn)型,實現(xiàn)橫向、縱向的全價值鏈集成是必然趨勢。
[1]Chen,B.Overcoming Calibration Problems in Pattern Labeling with Pairwise Ratings:Application to Personality Traits[C]//Computer Vision-ECCV 2016 Workshops Springer,Cham,2016:419-432.
[2]Ponce-López,V.ChaLearn LAP 2016:First Round Challengeon First Impressions-Dataset and Results[C]//Computer VisionECCV 2016 Workshops Springer,Cham,2016:400-418.
[3]Escalante,H.J.ChaLearn Joint Contest on Multimedia Challenges Beyond Visual Analysis:An overview[C]//2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition(ICPR),2016:67-73.
[4]Chen,B.Cyber-physicalsystemenablednearbytrafficflow modelling for autonomous vehicles[C]//36th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference,Special SessiononCyberPhysicalSystems:Security,Computing,and Performance(IPCCC-CPS).IEEE,2017.
[5]Chen,B.&Wang,B.Location Selection ofLogistics Center in e-Commerce Network Environments[J].American Journal of Neural Networks and Applications,2017,3(4):40-48.
[6]Kou,Y.&Others.Structural and kinetic study of N7-methyl,N7-benzyl and C8-chloro guanine lesions using human DNApolymeraseβ[D].2015.
[7]曾毓金,謝正輝.基于CMIP5模擬的中國區(qū)域陸氣耦合強度評估及未來情景預(yù)估[J].氣候與環(huán)境研究 2015,20(3):337-346.
[8]Jia,B.Diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2fluxes and their climate controlling factors for a subtropical forest in Ningxiang[J].Adv.Atmos.Sci,2015,32(4):553-564.
[9]Koag,M.-C.Transition-state destabilization reveals how human DNA polymeraseβproceeds across the chemically unstable lesion N7-me thylguanine[J].NucleicAcidsRes,2014,42(13):8755-8766.
[10]Chen,Y.Secure In-Cache Execution[C]//Research in Attacks,Intrusions,and Defenses Springer,Cham,2017:381-402.
[11]Wang,L.-P.Application of linear mean-square estimation inocean engineering[J].China Ocean Eng,2016,30(1):149-160.
[12]Wang,L.-P.A new model for calculating the design wave height in typhoon-affected sea areas[J].Nat.Hazards 2013,67(2):129-143.
[13]Yang z.Predicting Joint Return Period Under Ocean Extremes Based on a Maximum Entropy Compound Distribution Model[J].International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science.2017(2):117-126.
[14]Wang,L.A new method to estimate wave height of specifiedreturn period[J].Chin.J.Oceanol.Limnol,2017,35(5):1 002-1 009.
[15]Chen,Y.et al.Adaptive android kernel live patching[C]//Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium(USENIX Security 17),2017.
[16]田野,鄧宗全,唐德威,等.月球次表層取心鉆具功耗特性及地面模擬實驗[J].吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報:工學(xué)版,2016(1):166-171.
[17]鄧宗全,田野,唐德威,等.用于地外星體探測的一種新結(jié)構(gòu)取心鉆頭研究.機械工程學(xué)報[J].2013(19):104-110.
[18]Tian Ye&Deng Zong-Quan.Coring Bit with Enhanced Structural Parameters for Improved Lunar Soil Sampling and Reduced Mechanical Disturbance[J].J.Aerosp.Eng,2016,29(4):40.
[19]Tian,Y.Drilling power consumption and soil conveying volume performances of lunar sampling auger[J].Chin.J.Mech.Eng.2015,28(3):451-459.
[20]Tian,Y.Analysis of Structural Parameters of Flexible SpiralConveyor Blades and Study of its Transmission Power[J].Ammonia Plant Saf.Relat.Facil 2012(200):455-458.
[21]Tian,Y.Design of New Flexible Spiral Conveying Mechanismand Experimental Device[J].Ammonia Plant Saf.Relat.Facil 2013(469):418-421.
[22]Chen,Y.Downgrade Attack on TrustZone[J].arXiv[cs.CR],2017.
[23]Chen,Y.Remix:On-demand Live Randomization[C]//in Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy,2016:50-61.
[24]Gruss,D.Prefetch Side-Channel Attacks:Bypassing SMAPand Kernel ASLR[C]//in Proceedings of the 2016 ACMSIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security,2016:368-379.
[25]Wang,X.SecPod:a Framework for Virtualization-based Security Systems[C]//USENIXAnnualTechnicalConference,2015:347-360.
[26]Wang,X.Design and Implementation of SecPod,A Frameworkfor Virtualization-based Security Systems[J].IEEE Trans.Dependable Secure Comput,2017(1):1.
[27]Liu,S.Discharge Estimation for an Ungauged Inland River in an Arid Area Related toAnthropogenic Activities:ACase StudyofHeihe River Basin,Northwestern China[J].Advances inMeteorology,2016.
[28]Zeng,Y.Ecohydrological effects of stream aquifer water interaction:a case study of the Heihe River basin,northwestern China[J].Hydrol.Earth Syst.Sci,2016,20(6):2 333-2 352.
[29]Zeng,Y.Effects of anthropogenic water regulation and groundwater lateral flow on land processes.J[J].Adv.Model.Earth Syst,2016,8(3):1 106-1 131.
[30]Zeng,Y.Seasonal effects of irrigation on land-atmospherelatent heat,sensible heat,and carbon fluxes in semiarid basin[J].Earth System Dynamics,2017,8(1):113.
[31]Zeng,Y.Hydrologic and Climatic Responses to Global Anthropogenic Groundwater Extraction[J].J.Clim,2016,30(1):71-90.
[32]Xie,Z.-H.Coupled modeling of land hydrology-regional climate including human carbon emission and water exploitation[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2017,8(2):68-79.
[33]Gasper,R.Adsorption ofCOonLow-Energy,Low-SymmetryPtNanopa rticles:Energy Decomposition Analysis and Prediction via Machine-Learning Models.[J]J.Phys.Chem.C,2017,121(10):5 612-5 619.
[34]Shi,H.,Self-Consistent Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding ParametrizationforPt-Ru Alloys[J].J.Phys.ChemA,2017,121(12):2 497-2 502.
[35]Shi,H.First-Principles Predictions of Structure Function Relationships of Graphene-Supported Platinum Nanoclusters[J].J.Phys.Chem.C,2016,120(22):11 899-11 909.
[36]Shi,H.Ab initio and classical simulations of the temperature dependenceofzeoliteporesizes[J].Green Chem,2014,16(2):875-884.
[37]Chen,J.Metabolic modeling of synthesis gas fermentation inbub-ble column reactors[J].Biotechnol.Biofuels,2015(8):89.
[38]Chen,J.Spatiotemporal modeling of microbial metabolism[J].BMC Syst.Biol,2016(10):21.
[39]Phalak,P.Metabolic modeling of a chronic wound biofilm consortium predicts spatial partitioning of bacterial species[J].BMC Syst.Biol,2016,10(1):90.
[40]Chen,J.In silico metabolic engineering of Clostridiumljungdahlii for synthesis gas fermentation[J].Metab.Eng,2016(38):389-400.
[41]Chen,J.Experimental testing of a spatiotemporal metabolic model for carbon monoxide fermentation with Clostridium autoethanogenum.[J].Biochem.Eng.J,2018(129):64-73.
[42]田野,趙雪微,智慧,等.新型轉(zhuǎn)輪式紅酒包裝結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及其跌落有限元分析[J].包裝工程,2013(19):51-54.
[43]田野.月球表層土壤初級包裝裝置研究[J].包裝工程,2014(11):76-79.
[44]Kou,Y.N7 methylation alters hydrogen-bonding patterns of guanine induplexDNA[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc,2015,137(44):14067-14 070.
[45]Cheun,Y.Synthesis,structure,and biological evaluation of a platinum-carbazoleconjugate[J].Chem.Biol.DrugDes,.2018,91(1):116-125.
[46]Cheun,Y..Transetherification-mediated E-ring opening andstereoselective‘Red-Ox’modification of furostan[J].Steroids,2012,77(3):276-281.
[47]Kou,Y.UnexpectedopeningofsteroidalE-ringduringhypoiodite-mediated oxidation[J].Tetrahedron Lett,2013,54(31):4 106-4 109.
[48]Kou,Y.Synthesis of 14′,15′-dehydro-ritterazine Y via reductive and oxidative functionalizations of hecogenin acetate[J].Steroids,2013,78(2):304-311.
[49]Cheun,Y.Synthesis of C17-OH-north unit of ritterazine Gvia‘Red-Ox’modifications of hecogenin acetate[J].Steroids,2013,78(7):639-643.
[50]Kou,Y.Application of hypoiodite-mediated aminyl radicalcyclization to synthesis of solasodine acetate[J].Steroids,2012,77(11):1 069-1 074.
[51]Koag,M.C.Synthesisandstructureof16,22-diketocholesterol bound to oxysterol-binding protein Osh4[J].Steroids,2013,78(9):938-944.
[52]Zhang,S.Nondestructive Ultrasonic Testing in Rod StructureWith aNovleNumericalLaplaceBasedWaveletFiniteElement Method[C]//Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures,2018.
[53]Zhang,Y.Adaptive Kernel Live Patching:An Open Collaborative Effort to Ameliorate Android N-day Root Exploits[J].In Proceedings of Black Hat,2016.
[54]王莉萍,劉桂林,王莉,等.一種基于最大熵原則的臺風(fēng)影響海域設(shè)計波高推算新方法:ZL 201010595815.0[P].2015-08-19.
[55]王莉萍,劉桂林,陳柏宇,等.一種考慮臺風(fēng)影響的海洋極值聯(lián)合重現(xiàn)期推算方法:ZL 201010595807.6[P].2013-03-20.
[56]劉桂林,鄭振鈞,王莉萍,等.一種動力消波裝置及使用方法:ZL 2015 1 0575336.5[P].2017-11-03.
[57]劉桂林,曹文亮,王莉萍,等.水中潛、浮體艙內(nèi)液面固化裝置:ZL 20152 0763529.9[P].2016-01-13.
[58]陳柏宇,劉桂林,鄭振鈞,等.一種動力消波裝置:ZL 2015207009 65.1[P].2016-01-13.
[59]劉桂林,鄭振鈞,王莉萍,等.一種動力式消能防波提:ZL 201620 455212.3[P].2016-12-07.