回歸課本抓基礎(chǔ)注重語篇提能力

劉習(xí)文

第一輪系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)的目的是基礎(chǔ)知識過關(guān)。在復(fù)習(xí)備考中，同學(xué)們往往脫離課本，陷入題海。但萬丈高樓平地起，依托考綱和課本夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，以不變應(yīng)萬變才是備考的不二法寶。

[抓課本、重基礎(chǔ)]

以課本為依據(jù)，重點(diǎn)搞好詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)，但是不能孤立地復(fù)習(xí)詞匯，要結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)語法、書面表達(dá)等，激活已有的知識，同時運(yùn)用聯(lián)想等手段，建立詞匯思維網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。

1. 充分利用構(gòu)詞法復(fù)習(xí)單元詞匯，做到詞不離句。如：

If you adopt this way in study， you can enlarge your vocabulary， enrich your knowledge and even broaden/widen your horizons.

Although Annie Frank lived alone in a lonely house， she didnt feel lonely. She knew that loneliness was what she was supposed to overcome， so she did anything alone.

2. 整理積累“詞塊”，在語境中運(yùn)用、復(fù)習(xí)詞匯。

詞塊，也稱為“語言塊”“語塊”，就是預(yù)制好的并被頻繁使用的詞匯組合，這種組合有特定的結(jié)構(gòu)和相對完整的意思，并能在使用中根據(jù)需要生成。語言知識的獲得和能力的提高就是通過擴(kuò)大語塊、搭配能力和有效掌握最基本的詞匯和語言結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。如：

come/live up to （sbs） expectations，spare no effort，on a regular basis，attach great importance to，it is generally assumed that ...，there is no such thing as ...，這些都屬于“詞塊”。

再如：He was troubled by a feeling that things just didnt add up.

His whole school education added up to no more than one year.

Add up your score and see how many points you get.

The bad weather added to our difficulties.

Will you add more sugar to your coffee？

3. 改編課文，訓(xùn)練語法填空或短文改錯，結(jié)合語法知識落實(shí)考綱詞匯。

復(fù)習(xí)課文是為了運(yùn)用詞匯知識，有利于實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的提高，并在應(yīng)考中運(yùn)用自如。

例1 Book 2的Unit 4（語法填空）

Not long ago， a girl called Daisy took a magic trip around the world， riding a flying chair. First， she came to Tibet in China to visit antelopes. But to her great ____________（disappoint）， she could only see mountains and people. Then an antelope told her ____________（sad） that they were being killed ____________ large numbers by humans for their wool to make clothing. ____________ they might be gone forever in three years.

答案 disappointment；sadly；in；And。

例2 Book 1的Unit 1（改錯）

Dear Miss Wang，

Im writing to ask you for the help. At the moment I am having some trouble with my classmates. Im getting well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy help each other. But we have become real good friends. However， others students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love， that makes me angrily. I dont want to end the friendship， but I hate others gossiping. I feel really upset. How should I do？

Id appreciate it if you could give me some advices.

Yours，

Lisa

答案 刪掉the；getting后加on/along；help→helping；But→And；real→really；others→other；that→which；angrily→angry；How→What；advices→advice。endprint

[抓例句，重訓(xùn)練]

要準(zhǔn)確理解語句、篇章需要扎實(shí)的語法功底。我們學(xué)習(xí)語法不是為了研究語法，而是為了掌握語法規(guī)則，用于準(zhǔn)確理解文意和書面表達(dá)。復(fù)習(xí)時我們可以結(jié)合各單元語法項(xiàng)目，訓(xùn)練書面表達(dá)，活化語法的運(yùn)用。具體可以這樣做：

1. 呈現(xiàn)課文原句并掌握其中的語法知識。

2. 采用循序漸進(jìn)、靈活多樣的訓(xùn)練，如句子填空、改錯、比較練習(xí)、完成句子、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、整合句子、短文填詞等，消化語法規(guī)則。如：

用名詞性從句連接句子

LiuXiang had an operation and has recovered. That is reported .

→It is reported that Liuxiang had an operation and has recovered.

He made a decision. He would accept his ugly wife.

→He made a decision that he would accept his ugly wife.

用名詞性從句整合句子

Clearly， English is more and more important. Last Saturday we invited Professor Zhang to give us a report on how to learn English well. His report helps us a lot. Now many students spend one more hour in learning English.

→It is clear that English is more and more important. Last Saturday we invited Professor Zhang to give us a report on how we should learn English well. His report leads to the result that now many students spend one more hour in learning English.

It is three to five now. The football match is to begin. But there is a problem. Jack hasnt come yet. Everybody knows that Jack is a leading part of our team. Without him， we are difficult to win the game. So we worry about it.

→It is three to five now. The time is when the football match is to begin. But there is a problem that Jack hasnt come yet. Its known that Jack is a leading part of our team. So we worry about the fact that without him， we are difficult to win the game.

例3 用名詞性從句寫作，靈活運(yùn)用所掌握的基本語法規(guī)則。

寫作要求：至少運(yùn)用三種名詞性從句，根據(jù)提示，寫一篇70詞左右的英語短文。

一些學(xué)生使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息的主要原因是他們認(rèn)為很方便；

毫無疑問，他們也可以快速獲得問題的準(zhǔn)確答案；

我認(rèn)為這有可能使學(xué)生失去思考的興趣；

應(yīng)該采取措施解決這個問題，比如父母和老師應(yīng)該鼓勵他們獨(dú)立完成作業(yè)。

答案 The main reason why some students prefer to get information on the internet is that they think it convenient. There is no doubt that they can have quick access to the accurate answers. I hold the belief that it is possible that students may lose interest in thinking. We can solve the problem by taking the measure that parents and teachers are supposed to encourage them to do homework by themselves.

[抓語篇，重結(jié)構(gòu)]

語篇是一個大語言單位。圍繞語篇，側(cè)重文章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，可以培養(yǎng)我們從較高層次處理信息以及語篇分析能力，從而達(dá)到培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力的目的。

1. 分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，處理語篇信息

文章的結(jié)構(gòu)就是文章的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。高中課本中文章題材豐富、內(nèi)容新穎，知識面廣。同學(xué)們應(yīng)從文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、文章的內(nèi)容、作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度及相關(guān)的背景知識等方面理解文章，尤其注重好起承轉(zhuǎn)合的信息詞。如：

例4 Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news

標(biāo)題是My First Work Assignment

根據(jù)文章段落之間的關(guān)系，段首段尾的信息詞，可以將其分為三部分：endprint

Para. 1～8 His discussion with his new boss was to influence his life as a journalist.

Para. 9～12 What needs to remember when going out to cover a story.

Para. 13～16 The importance of listening.

2. 抓要點(diǎn)，重運(yùn)用，培養(yǎng)寫作能力

以教材話題為載體，注重知識點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、系統(tǒng)化，以點(diǎn)帶線、以線帶面，夯實(shí)語言知識；以語篇為主脈，深入挖掘課本中的經(jīng)典詞句；按照考綱的要求和考題的思路，拓展話題閱讀和寫作，全面提高語言運(yùn)用能力。如：

例5 Book 2 Unit 4 wildlife protection

用括號中所給詞語翻譯句子，然后將這些句子連成一篇短文。

保護(hù)野生動物非常重要。（protect）

目前它們有滅絕的危險。（in danger，die out）

一方面，為了獲取食物或動物身上厚厚的皮，人們捕獵動物。（on one hand，hunt，fur）

另一方面，人們不能與一些他們認(rèn)為很兇猛的動物和平相處。（on the other hand，fierce）

人們常常置它們于死地，使得野生動物面臨危險。（endanger）

為了保護(hù)它們不至于滅絕，建立野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)很有必要。（extinction，set up）

只要人類讓野生動物安詳?shù)厣睿鼈兙蜁蔀槲覀兊呐笥选＃╥n peace）

1. It is important to protect wildlife.

2. At present they are in danger of dying out.

3. On one hand， people hunt animals for food or for the thick furs.

4. On the other hand，people cannot get along well with the wildlife which they think are fierce.

5. They attack the wild animals to death，which has endangered the wildlife.

6. In order to protect the wildlife from extinction， it is necessary to set up wildlife reserve.

7. As long as humans let wildlife live in peace， the wild animals will become our friends.

連句成篇 It is important to protect wildlife because at present they are in danger of dying out. On one hand，people hunt animals for food or for the thick furs. On the other hand，people cannot get along well with wildlife， which they think are fierce and attack them to death， which has endangered the wildlife. In order to protect the wildlife from extinction， it is necessary to set up wildlife reserve. As long as humans let wildlife live in peace， the wild animals will become our friends.endprint