Module10 Units3—4單元點撥

Unit 3

一、重點詞匯

1. abrupt

【原句再現(xiàn)】 He hears an abrupt scream... （P.34， L.3）他突然聽到一聲尖叫……

【點撥】 adj. 突然的，意外的；唐突無禮的

Excuse me for my abrupt question. 請原諒我這個唐突的問題。

【拓展】 abruptness n. 突然；唐突；粗魯無禮

abruptly adv. 突然地，意外地

The path ends off abruptly. 這條路突然到頭了。

2. weep （wept， wept）

【原句再現(xiàn)】 He knows the meaning of the scream but—too numb with sorrow to weep... （P.34， L.3）他知道這聲尖叫的含義——但他對悲傷太麻木了，以至于都沒有哭泣……

【點撥】 vi. 哭泣，流淚；n. 一陣哭泣

She wanted to laugh and weep all at once. 她哭笑不得。

But be wanted： Youll read it and weep. 但是提醒一句：你閱讀它，可能會流淚。

【拓展】 weep for / over...為……而哭泣；weep to see... 因為看到……而哭泣；a weeping willow垂柳；a weeping pipe滴水管；a weeping day雨天

3. cure

【原句再現(xiàn)】 So far， there is no cure for Aids.（P.34， L.12）目前艾滋病沒有治愈的方法。

【點撥】 1） cure n. 治療，療法；治療；痊愈；療法

Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds.

2） cure vt. 治愈

I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.

【拓展】 cure與treat區(qū)別：用作動詞，兩者都可表示“治療”，但含義有區(qū)別：cure通常強調結果，指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾?。欢鴗reat則通常強調過程，指對病人進行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思。

This medicine will cure your cough.

The dentist is treating my teeth.

其實cure和treat所搭配的介詞也不同：

The doctors cured her of cancer.

Which doctor is treating you for your illness？

beyond cure 不可救藥

4. contrary

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Contrary to what many people think， ... （P.34， L.23）與許多人想象的不同，……

【點撥】 adj. 相反的（常作定語）；n. 相反（事物）

The plane is flying a contrary direction. 飛機向相反的方向飛去。

【拓展】 by contraries 與預期的相反

Many things in our lives go by contraries. 我們的生活中有不少與事與愿違的事情。

on the contrary 正相反，與此相反

Its not an idea around which we can unite. On the contrary， I see it as one that will divide us. 這不是一個可以讓我們團結起來的主意。恰恰相反，我看它會分裂我們。

contrary to 與……相反

Contrary to popular belief， proper exercise actually decreases your appetite. 與大部分人的想法相反，適度的運動實際上會降低食欲。

5. familiar

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Although most people are familiar with Aids and how it is spread，... （P.34， L.26） 雖然很多人都熟悉艾滋病及其傳播方式，……

【點撥】 adj. 熟悉的，親切友好的，親密的

I like to wander through familiar streets. 我喜歡閑逛穿過熟悉的街道。

【拓展】 sb. be familiar with sth. 某人對某事熟悉；sth. be familiar to sb. 某事對某人來說是熟悉的

Most of us are familiar with the four great inventions in ancient China. 我們大多數(shù)人熟悉中國四大發(fā)明。

Your name is familiar to me. 你的名字我是熟悉的。

6. conclude

【原句再現(xiàn)】 To conclude， Aids education is the best way... （P.41， b） 最后，艾滋病教育是……最佳方法。endprint

【點撥】 1） 表示“結束”，可用作及物或不及物動詞，表示以某種方式結束通常與介詞 with， by 等連用。

To conclude， I wish you all good health and a long life.

2） 表示“斷定”或“推出”，是及物動詞，但通常只接 that 從句或不定式的復合結構（且不定式只能是to be型）作賓語，通常不接簡單賓語，也不用于進行時態(tài)。

The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.

3） 表示“決定”，其后通常接不定式或 that 從句。

We concluded to wait for fair weather. / We concluded that we would wait for fair weather.

4） 期刊雜志等在連載文章時，表示“待續(xù)”用to be continued，表示“下期續(xù)完”用to be concluded，表示“全部載完”則通常用concluded。

【拓展】 conclude的名詞是conclusion，其短語有： arrive at a conclusion = come to a conclusion = draw a conclusion得出結論；in conclusion 在結束時；to conclude最后一句話

7. additional

【原句再現(xiàn)】 It is hard for Aids patients to suffer the additional pain... （P.41， h）艾滋病患者難以承受……額外的痛苦。

【點撥】 adj. 另外的，附加的，額外的

It will take an additional week to complete the task.

【拓展】 1） addition n. 加；附加

Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

詞組：in addition to除此以外，另外

2） additional的動詞形式add所構成的短語：

① add to 增加，加強

The bad weather added to our difficulties.

② add up to 總計達，總共是；等于；意味著，看來實際是……；總體來說

All his school education added up to no more than one year.

③ add up 加起來，總計At the exits polite assistants will take the goods and add up the cost.

④ add... to 把……加到……

【高考真題】 There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. （2006北京卷）

8. promote

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Several months later， Mrs Tang was promoted at work. （P.43） 幾個月后，唐女士工作上得到了提拔。

【點撥】 vt. ① 提升，提拔Our English teacher has been promoted to headmaster.

② 宣傳，推銷 （商品） Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？

③ 促進，發(fā)揚We should promote world peace. 我們應該促進世界和平。

【拓展】 promote的形容詞形式：promotable

This is a promotable property. 這是一個可提升的屬性。

名詞形式：promotion / promoter

二、重點詞組

1. die of

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...his mother has just died of Aids， the same disease that took his father. （P.34， L3）……他媽媽剛剛死于艾滋病，又是同樣的疾病奪走了他爸爸的生命。

【點撥】 1） die of... 死于……，因……而死

He died from a heart attack.

2） die from... 死于……，因……而死

The animals died of starvation in the snow.

【拓展】 關于 die from 與 die of 的區(qū)別：若死因存在于人體之上或之內，一般用介詞 of；若死因不是存在人體之內或之上，而是由環(huán)境造成的，則一般用介詞 from。

3） be dying for sth. （to do sth.） 迫切想要 （做） 某事She is dying to be thin.

4） die away （聲音、風、光線等） 漸息，漸弱

The noise of the motorcar died away.endprint

5） die down （慢慢） 熄滅，平靜下來

After the excitement of the audience died down， the speaker restarted his speech..

【高考真題】 Though the wind ， the rain remains steady， so you still need a raincoat. （2006年湖北卷）

A. turned upB. gone back

C. died downD. blown out

【解析】 C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。die down （火焰、風暴、疼痛） 等減弱、減低，覺察不到。

6） die off 一個一個地死去 （= die one by one）。As the widow was still middleaged， her relatives all died off.

7） die out （家族、種族、習俗、觀念等） 滅絕，絕跡。Many old customs are dying out.

2. burst

【原句再現(xiàn)】 However， since the disease burst on the scene in the 1980s， ... （P.34， L.28）但是，自從艾滋病在二十世紀八十年代突然爆發(fā)以來，……

【點撥】 1） be bursting to do sth. 急于要做某事

He was bursting to tell her the news.

2） burst forth 突然出現(xiàn)，突然爆發(fā)出，突然喊出

Flames burst forth from the ceiling.

3） burst into① 突然闖入

Two masked men burst into the school.

② 突然……起來

She burst into tears / laughter=burst out crying / laughing.

4） burst out

① 大聲叫喊 “I dont believe that”， he burst out.注：在此burst out 與 burst forth 同義。

② 突然……起來She burst out crying / laughing.注：burst out 后通常接動名詞。

5） burst in upon sb. 突然出現(xiàn)在某人面前

The police burst in upon the murderer and arrested him. 警察突然出現(xiàn)在那個兇手面前并且逮捕了他。

3. devote

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...has devoted himself to bringing uptodate technology and international attention to Chinas Aids problem. （P.35， L.39）……一直致力于向中國引進最新技術，引起國際對中國艾滋病問題的關注。

【點撥】 1） devote ones life / time / money / energy to （doing） sth. 把……獻給……；把……用在……

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

2） devote oneself to sb. （doing sth.）

① 獻身于或致力于（做）某事

After graduation he continued to devote himself to research.

② 專用于He devoted all his time to his job.

③ 喜歡，熱愛

She devoted herself to tabletennis in her teens.

【拓展】 devoted adj.； devotedly adv.； devotion n.

be devoted to （doing） sth.

① 致力于，獻身于

The students are devoted to their studies.

② 專用于

This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage.

③ 喜歡，疼愛

The couple were devoted to each other.

Her devotion to the cause of education is well known. 她對教育事業(yè)的獻身精神是眾所周知的。

4. provide... with

【原句再現(xiàn)】 UNAIDS provides people with HIV testing and HIV or aids medical care. （P.35， L.45）聯(lián)合國艾滋病規(guī)劃署為人們提供艾滋病病毒檢測以及艾滋病及艾滋病病毒的醫(yī)療服務。

【點撥】 provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.“提供某人某物”

She did all she could to provide us with every facility.= She did all she could to provide every facility for us.她想方設法為我們提供一切方便。endprint

【拓展】 supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. for sb.；offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.

5. have access to

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...because their mother had access to prescription Aids medicines... （P.35， L.55） ……由于他們的媽媽使用了處方艾滋病藥物……

【點撥】 have access to 得以接近；得以進入；得以使用

Every student in our school has access to the library. 在我們學校每位學生都可利用圖書館。

Before liberation， the working people had no access to education. 解放前，勞動人民沒有受教育的機會。

6. end in

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...but it often ends in a messy situation. 但常常是以糟糕的境地而結束。

【點撥】 end in 以……告終

end in bubbles 終成泡影

The meeting ended in disorder. 會議在一片混亂中結束。

【拓展】 end up doing sth. 結果……，最終……

They were going to a concert， but ended up watching TV at home. 他們原計劃去聽音樂會，但結果卻在家看電視。

end up with 以……告終

He ended up his speech with a short poem. 他朗誦了一首短詩，結束了他的演講。

Unit 4

一、重點詞匯

1. involve

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...， requires great effort and involves many countries working together. （P.50， L.4）……需要極大的努力并牽涉到各國的通力合作。

【點撥】 vt. ① 卷，裹；包圍，圍住

Fog involved the village.

② 使專注，使忙于（后面常跟介詞in連用）

I was involved in a research project.

③ 與……直接有關This problem is closely involved with the management of the company.

【高考真題】 Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which spending quite a lot of time with students. （2013福建卷24）

A. enjoysB. involves

C. practicesD. suggests

【解析】 B。考查動詞辨析。A項“喜歡”；B項“需要，包含”；C項“練習”；D項“建議；暗示”。句意為：Michelle找到一份做高中教師的工作，需要花很多時間與學生在一起。故答案選B。

【拓展】 involve的名詞是involvement 牽連，參與；加入；財政困難；牽連的事務

My personal involvement with him and his family is deep.

2. assess

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...as it helps us assess the problem of cybercrime. （P.50， L.17）...因為這可以幫助我們評估網(wǎng)絡犯罪問題。

【點撥】 vt. ① （為征稅）估定（財產）的價值（后面常接介詞at）

This is the house assessed at two million dollars.

② 確定（稅、罰款、賠償金等）的金額

After the accident the damage was assessed at ￡5 billion.

③ 對……進行估價，評價

Her needs were assessed at 3000 yuan a month.

【拓展】 assess的名詞assessment

Assessment is changing for many reasons.

3. confidential

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...the company cant protect their confidential information or their money. （P.51， L.38）……公司不能保護他們的機密信息或者他們的錢財。

【點撥】 adj. 機密的，秘密的

a confidential order密令；confidential information機密情報

【拓展】 ① confidentially adv.

② （形似詞）confident adj. 有信心的，自信的

a confident manner充滿信心的態(tài)度；be confident of success=be confident that one can succeed確信成功endprint

confidently adv.；confidence n. 信心，信任；自信

相關短語：enjoy / have ones confidence得到某人的信任；be in ones confidence被某人信任；have / place confidence in sb. 信任某人；take sb. into ones confidence把某人當作知心人

【高考真題】 Only five years after Steve Jobs death， smartphones defeated PCs in sales. （2017江蘇卷29）

A. controversialB. contradictory

C. confidentialD. conventional

【解析】 D?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。A. controversial有爭議的；B. contradictory對立的，相互矛盾的；C. confidential機密的，秘密的；D. conventional傳統(tǒng)的。句意：智能手機在銷量上打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個人電腦，故選D。

4. suspect

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...most countries do not have arrangements for dealing with suspects from other countries. （P.51， L.44）……大多數(shù)國家都沒有針對他國嫌犯的處理手段。

【點撥】 vt. 懷疑suspect + sth. / sb. of （doing） sth. / that從句 / sb. to be...。

He suspected a plot against his life.

I suspect that he is a thief.=I suspect him to be a thief.

She suspected him of taking her money.

【拓展1】 n. 可疑對象，嫌疑犯

The detective followed the suspect for three days.偵探跟蹤嫌疑犯三天了。

【拓展2】 adj. 可疑的，不可信的

Some of the evidence they offered was highly suspect. 他們提供的一些證據(jù)非?？梢?。

5. considerate

【原句再現(xiàn)】 I realize now what I did was not very considerate.（P.59）我現(xiàn)在意識到我做的事情欠考慮。

【點撥】 adj. 體貼的，體諒的；深思熟慮的；慎重的

It was very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.

【拓展1】 considerable， considerate的區(qū)別和用法：considerable， considerate是一對形近易混的一組形容詞。considerable意為“相當大的，相當多的；值得考慮的”。

He has been ill for a considerable time.

considerate考慮周到的，體貼的，后面常跟of結構。

She is always considerate of others； she is kind and sympathetic.

【拓展2】 consider vt. 主要有以下四種用法：

1） 作“思考”、“考慮”（=think about） 解，后面可接動名詞、由“how， what等 + 動詞不定式”或者從句作賓語。但要特別注意：consider后面不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語。

They are considering going to Nanjing for the Spring Festival.

Have you considered how to get there？

2） consider 還可作“顧慮到”、“顧及”、“體諒” （=take into account）解。這時其后用名詞或動名詞作賓語。

All of you should consider the feelings of other people.

3） 作“認為”、“以為”、“覺得”（=be of the opinion， regard as）解時，后面多接賓語從句，這時一般不接動名詞作賓語。

I consider that he is fit for the position of the manager.

consider作“認為”解時，后面還可以接一個賓語和一個動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構成復合賓語結構，但這種結構的動詞不定式主要是“to be + 名詞/形容詞”；有時也可以是實義動詞，不過這種不定式多用完成時。

They consider Jim （as / to be） their best teacher.

I consider her to have done wonderfully in the final exam.

注：consider作“認為”解時，后面偶爾也出現(xiàn)接不定式作賓語的情況，不過這時大都用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語后移。

Do you consider it wise to interfere？ 你覺得干預是明智的嗎？endprint

4） 固定結構“consider... as / to be + 名詞/形容詞”多側重于表示經(jīng)過思考“認為……是……”。

We consider his suggestion as having possibilities.

【拓展3】 considering當介詞和連詞用，表示“就……而論，照……說來，鑒于；考慮到”。

He is strong considering his age.

6. import

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...to make sure that youre not trying to import pirated goods， ... （P.62， L.29）……以確保你沒有企圖攜帶侵權物品入境，……。

【點撥】 1） vt. 進口，輸入；引進；含有……意思，意味著

Many countries import wool from Australia.

2） n. ① 進口，輸入

Some of the long words in English dictionaries are imports from other languages.

② 進口商品

Electronic products are the major import from Japan.

③ 意義，含義

The import of his remarks was that we should work harder.

④ 重要性，重大

This is a question of great import.

【拓展】 import的反義詞：export 出口，輸出；傳播，輸出（思想或活動）

English has been newly exported to that area.

二、重要短語

1. relate...to

【原句再現(xiàn)】 Cybercrime refers to any criminal offence related to the Internet. （P.50， L.7）網(wǎng)絡犯罪指任何與因特網(wǎng)相關的犯罪行為。

【點撥】 relate...to / with sth. 把……與……聯(lián)系起來

It is hard to relate these results with any known cause. 這些結果很難與任何已知的原因聯(lián)系在一起。

【拓展】 be related to 和……有聯(lián)系，和……有關；with / in relation to 有關；涉及

What he does cant be related to what he says. 我無法把他做的和說的聯(lián)系起來。

【高考真題】 Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. （2017江蘇卷32）

A. in contrast toB. in defense of

C. in face ofD. in relation to

【解析】 D。考查介詞短語。A. in contrast to對比，截然不同；B. in defense of為……辯護；C. in face of面對；D. in relation to與……有關。句意：根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項極其重要的技能。故選D。

2. break into

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...had had their security systems broken into in the previous year. （P.50， L.27） ……他們的安全系統(tǒng)在前一年遭到入侵。

【點撥】 1） break away （from） ① 突然逃掉或離開The thief broke away from the policeman.

② 斷絕往來，脫離

He broke away from all his old friends.

③ 改掉（舊習慣），破除（舊作法）

You must break away from such old habits.

2） break down ① （機器、車輛等）壞了

My car broke down after an hours driving.

② （計劃、談判等）失敗

Their plans have broken down.

③ （談話、通訊等）中斷

He broke down as he was calling.

④ （健康、精神等）變壞

Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

【高考真題】 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks in disasters.（2013福建卷28）

A. turn downB. turn out

C. break downD. break out

【解析】 C。考查動詞短語辨析。A項“調小，拒絕”，B項“結果證明……”，C項“出故障，分解”，D項“爆發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意：當發(fā)生災難無線網(wǎng)絡無法使用的時候，老式的電話就有作用了。故答案為C。endprint

【高考真題】 He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead， because the airconditioning system . （2012陜西卷19）

A. broke inB. broke up

C. broke outD. broke down

【解析】 D?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。break in打斷；闖入；開始工作；break up結束，散開；分解；break out爆發(fā)；break down崩潰，垮掉；出毛??；拋錨。題干意思是：他時不時地停下來擦去額頭的汗水，因為空調出毛病了。選D。

3） break in ① 突然進來，強行進入

He broke in and stole her jewels.

② 插嘴，打岔

Please dont break in on our conversation.

4） break into ① 強行進入

The thieves planned to break into a bank.

② 突然……起來

The man broke into a run when he saw the police.

③ 打斷，插嘴

He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning.

④ 占用時間 Social activities break into my time.

【拓展1】 break into 與 break in 有時可表示相同的意思，但前者通常為及物的，后者通常為不及物的。

5） break off ① 停止講話He broke off in the middle of a sentence.

② 暫停，休息Lets break up for a rest.

③ （使）折斷The mast has （been） broken off.

6） break out （火災、戰(zhàn)爭等）突然發(fā)生或爆發(fā)

The American Civil War broke out in 1860.

【拓展2】 break out是不及物動詞，所以不能帶賓語，也不能用于被動語態(tài)。

7） break through ① 突破，有重要創(chuàng)見

Scientists are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.

② 克服，征服

You must try to break through your shyness.

③ 強行穿過（進入） The enemys defences were strong but our soldiers broke through.

【拓展3】 break through有時指太陽、月亮等從云層里出來。The sun broke through at noon.

8） break up ① 解散，驅散

The police broke up the crowd.

② （學校等）放假

When do you break up for Christmas？

③ 結束，破裂

The weather shows signs of breaking up.

④ 擊碎，撞碎

The ship broke up on the rocks.

⑤ 絕交

Shes just broken up with her boyfriend.

3. a / the key to sth. or doing sth.（做）某事的關鍵

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...， would no doubt agree that teamwork is a key to dealing with cybercrime，... （P.51， L.57）

to作為介詞的短語歸納：

the key to the bike 自行車鑰匙

the answer to Exercise One 練習一的答案

a secretary to the managing director 總經(jīng)理的秘書

the words to a tune 一致的言語

the entrance to the park 通向公園的入口

the way to my home通向我家的路

the only access to the library 到圖書館的唯一通路

4. belong to

【原句再現(xiàn)】 One of the conditions of belonging to the organization....（P.62， L.28） 加入該組織的條件之一……

【點撥】 表示“屬于”

The English book belongs to me.=The English book is mine.

【俚語】 擁有

Who belongs to the English book？ 這本英語書是誰的？endprint

【拓展1】 belong to可引申指“是……的成員”。Do you belong to the tennis club？

【拓展2】 belong to 沒有進行時態(tài)，也沒有被動語態(tài)。

【拓展3】 belonging n. 常用復數(shù)形式，意為“所有物，行李”。

It didnt take me long to arrange my belongings. 整理行李沒花去我多少時間。

5. put into effect

【原句再現(xiàn)】 ...these laws must be put into effect by member countries.（P.62， L.28）

【點撥】 實行、實現(xiàn)、實施 The new system will soon be put into effect.

【拓展1】 與put into effect 近義的詞組：put into practice實行，實現(xiàn)

It is time to put into practice the things you have learned.

【拓展2】 put短語歸納：put aside 存錢；put away 放好，收起來；存錢；put an end to 結束；put back 把 （鐘） 撥慢；推遲；阻礙；put down 撲滅，平息，鎮(zhèn)壓；放下；put forward 提出；put into 插入；譯成；put off 延期，拖延；put on 上演；穿戴；put on weight 長胖；put out 熄滅，撲滅；伸出，拿出；put sb. to bed 打發(fā)某人睡覺；put sb. to the trouble of 麻煩某人做；put up 掛起，張貼；舉起，抬起；建造，搭起；為某人提供膳宿；put up with 忍受，容忍；put ones heart into 用心去做

【高考真題】 At the last moment， Tom decided to a new character to make the story seem more likely. （2013全國新課標30）

A. put upB. put in

C. put onD. put off

【解析】 B?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。根據(jù)句意，Tom為了使故事看起來更加具有可能性，他在最后一刻加入了一個新角色。

【高考真題】 You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. （2012福建29）

A. set asideB. take up

C. put awayD. give out

【解析】 A。根據(jù)后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知上半句應該是建議對方要多留出時間進行運動，set aside留出，撥出；take up占據(jù)，從事；put away收拾好；give out發(fā)出，分發(fā)，根據(jù)句意只能選擇A項。

【高考真題】 Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says. （2012全國卷27）

A. put outB. put down

C. put awayD. put together

【解析】 B?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。put out熄滅；put down記下，寫下；put away收拾好；put together放在一起。句意：Mary非常擅長在課上記筆記。她能把她的老師說的每個詞寫下來。

（作者：吳濤，南京市第三高級中學）endprint