《總統(tǒng)別戀》

宋云峰

1.《總統(tǒng)別戀》簡(jiǎn)介

Hyde Park on Hudson（《總統(tǒng)別戀》，直譯應(yīng)為《哈德遜河畔的海德公園》）是依據(jù)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·羅斯福（Franklin D. Roosevelt，1882—1945）遠(yuǎn)房表妹瑪格麗特·“黛茜”·薩克雷（Margaret “Daisy” Suckley， 1891—1991）的私人日志和日記改編的歷史傳記劇情片，2012年上映。

20世紀(jì)30年代大蕭條時(shí)期，瑪格麗特·“黛茜”·薩克雷應(yīng)邀前往她遠(yuǎn)房表兄富蘭克林·羅斯福位于哈德遜河畔的海德公園鄉(xiāng)居，幫助這位內(nèi)憂外患、疾病纏身的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)“放松一下”，不久她便成了他的“紅顏知己”。這一特殊身份令黛茜見(jiàn)證了1939年羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)在家中接待英國(guó)國(guó)王喬治六世（就是那位口吃的國(guó)王）及其王后伊麗莎白的全過(guò)程（歷史上英國(guó)王室成員首次訪問(wèn)美國(guó)）。期間，英王夫婦為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)不合體制的接待活動(dòng)（例如：安排印第安人表演舞蹈和吃熱狗）而焦躁不安，黛茜則發(fā)現(xiàn)了羅斯福生活中不為人知的另一面。

就在這個(gè)看似尋常的周末，口吃的喬治六世與半身不遂的富蘭克林建立起了友誼，堅(jiān)毅的英國(guó)國(guó)王與睿智的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)達(dá)成了共識(shí)，開(kāi)啟了“英美特殊關(guān)系”的新時(shí)代，決定了世界的格局和歷史的走向。

Hyde Park on Hudson is a 2012 British biographical historical comedy-drama film directed by Roger Michell. The film stars Bill Murray as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Laura Linney as Margaret “Daisy” Suckley， a cousin and childhood friend of the President. It was based on Suckleys private journals and diaries， discovered after her death （1991）， and fictionally dramatizes her close personal relationship with Roosevelt， and the 1939 visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth to Roosevelts country estate（鄉(xiāng)間住所）， Hyde Park.

In spring 1939， Sara Delano， the mother of Franklin D. Roosevelt， asks his sixth cousin Margaret “Daisy”Suckley to visit the ill President of the United States at their country estate in Hyde Park， New York. Although Daisy and Roosevelt had not seen each other for years， the distant relatives form a romantic relationship， and Roosevelt often asks Daisy to visit Hyde Park when he stays with his mother. Daisy becomes one of the several women close to Roosevelt， including Sara； Missy LeHand， the presidents secretary； and Eleanor， the presidents wife. Despite his power， the president is often unable to control the other women； the quiet， shy Daisy is his confidante（知己）， and he tells her that Top Cottage（由羅斯福設(shè)計(jì)建造的海德公園山頂別墅）will be their shared refuge（庇護(hù)所）after his presidency.

In June 1939， King George VI and his wife， Queen Elizabeth， visit the United States， during which they stay with the Roosevelts at Hyde Park. The British hope that the visit will improve the chances of American support during the future war with Germany. George—who is king because his brother Edward VIII（愛(ài)德華八世）abdicated（退位）—is nervous， because of the importance of the visit， because he stutters（口吃）， and because of having to eat a hot dog for the first time at a picnic in his honor. Roosevelt reassures George by citing his own inability to walk， and observes that others do not see their handicaps（殘障）because “its not what they want to see”. The president tells the king that he hopes to overcome Americans reluctance to help Britain.

The night the king and queen arrive， Daisy discovers LeHand is having an affair with Roosevelt. LeHand tells the shocked Daisy that their respective relationships with the president are not his only ones， mentioning Dorothy Schiff and Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd， and that Daisy must accept sharing Roosevelt with other women. At the picnic the next day the king successfully eats a hot dog for a photo op（拍照時(shí)機(jī)，op=opportunity）， and Daisy， in a voiceover（畫(huà)外音）， states that the visit helped the two countries form a Special Relationship. Daisy rejects Roosevelts requests to see her until he calls on her in person； they reconcile（和好）， and Daisy accepts her role as one of the presidents mistresses. As years pass， Daisy watches Roosevelt become frail（虛弱）as a wartime leader； nonetheless everyone， she says， “still[looked] to him， still seeing whatever it was they wanted to see”.

2. 羅斯福、黛茜、“山頂別墅”與總統(tǒng)圖書(shū)館

20世紀(jì)30年代初，黛茜和羅斯福討論過(guò)在他們最喜愛(ài)的哈德遜河畔的海德公園修建別墅的想法，后來(lái)成為羅斯福親自設(shè)計(jì)的“山頂別墅”（Top Cottage，1938—1939年修建）。黛茜將她的一只蘇格蘭小獵犬送給羅斯福，羅斯福給它起名為法拉（Fala）。羅斯福兩張珍貴的在輪椅上的照片就是黛茜在“山頂別墅”拍攝的。

盡管羅斯福在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間與露西·莫色爾（Lucy Mercer）的婚外情世人皆知而且險(xiǎn)些導(dǎo)致羅斯福離婚，但迄今沒(méi)有直接證據(jù)表明黛茜與羅斯福有類似關(guān)系。顯然，羅斯福指示黛茜燒掉過(guò)他寫給黛茜的一些信件，這引發(fā)了人們不少的猜測(cè)。現(xiàn)存的信件只包括一些親熱的私人話語(yǔ)、對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)程和在雅爾塔會(huì)議上會(huì)見(jiàn)丘吉爾與斯大林的報(bào)告和回顧。

羅斯福1945年4月因腦出血病逝時(shí)，黛茜是在場(chǎng)的四位女性之一。之后她傾力建立了美國(guó)第一個(gè)總統(tǒng)圖書(shū)館，以紀(jì)念這位偉大的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)和密友。此后建立自己的圖書(shū)館成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)卸任后的慣例。

After Roosevelt died， his daughter Anna Roosevelt Halsted and a friend came upon a cache（隱藏處）of Suckleys letters， hidden in the box from his stamp collection that Roosevelt took everywhere with him. There is no indication， however， that his daughter read or understood the significance of the letters， which she returned to Suckley. Having served as Roosevelts personal archivist（檔案保管員）， Suckley played a key role in setting up the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park， where she worked until 1963. Suckley died on June 29， 1991， in Rhinebeck， New York， at the age of 99.

3. 《總統(tǒng)別戀》評(píng)價(jià)

黛茜·薩克雷的信件和日記在其去世后出版，引起劇作家理查德·尼爾森（Richard Nelson）的極大興趣，尤其是被黛茜見(jiàn)證重要?dú)v史事件的視角所吸引。由于和黛茜住在同一個(gè)社區(qū)，他甚至在黛茜去世前見(jiàn)到過(guò)她。電影劇本寫就之后，由于與自己心儀的導(dǎo)演米歇爾（Roger Mitchell）檔期沖突，尼爾森遂將其改編成廣播劇，2009年由英國(guó)廣播公司制作播出。后來(lái)仍由米歇爾于2012年拍成電影。

《總統(tǒng)別戀》上映后在大眾影評(píng)上評(píng)分不高，票房也不到一千萬(wàn)美元。爛番茄網(wǎng)站和Metacritic網(wǎng)站的評(píng)價(jià)在5到6分之間?？偟膩?lái)看，電影的故事情節(jié)戲劇性欠缺，大多數(shù)演員的表演也顯得拘謹(jǐn)，停留在表面（如總統(tǒng)夫人、女王夫婦等）。

然而，美國(guó)著名影評(píng)人羅杰·易伯特（Roger Ebert）卻很欣賞這部電影，對(duì)電影和主演莫瑞（Bill Murray）對(duì)羅斯福人性的溫柔呈現(xiàn)給予極高的評(píng)價(jià)。《紐約客》影評(píng)人布羅迪（Richard Brody）也贊揚(yáng)《總統(tǒng)別戀》透明經(jīng)歷的題材力量對(duì)觀眾的打動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了電影本身的局限。

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times enjoyed the film， giving it 3-and-a-half stars out of 4 and said of Murrays performance： “Murray， who has a wider range than we sometimes realize， finds the human core of this FDR（羅斯福全名縮寫）and presents it tenderly.” Richard Brody of The New Yorker also praises film， saying although the movie is not great， it “has a particular kind of merit... It conveys something of a transparent experience， suggesting that the power of the subject escapes the attempt to contain it in a film and makes its way directly—albeit incidentally or even accidentally—to the viewer.”

對(duì)《總統(tǒng)別戀》的主要批評(píng)是影片對(duì)歷史事實(shí)的描述。除了羅斯福與黛茜關(guān)系的戲劇化夸張是基于猜測(cè)而非直接證據(jù)之外，《富蘭克林·羅斯福：自由的衛(wèi)士》一書(shū)的作者布萊克（Conrad Black）認(rèn)為該片對(duì)于史實(shí)的處理太過(guò)隨意和庸俗，尤其在涉及羅斯福與女人的關(guān)系方面。羅斯福傳記作者沃德（Geoffrey Ward）也認(rèn)為，電影對(duì)羅斯福與黛茜在哈德遜河畔浪漫關(guān)系的展開(kāi)很美好，也很意味深長(zhǎng)，但影片中描繪的那種關(guān)系并非事實(shí)。

4. 《總統(tǒng)別戀》經(jīng)典臺(tái)詞

1. Daisys Recollection of Franklins Fireplace Talks （Daisys voice）

“In Europe there would certainly be another war， and one would be dragged into it whether we like it or not. Here at home， the country was so into the depression that people were out of work and hungry and needing help. The president spent an awful lot of time that summer in Hyde Park on Hudson. He said that I helped him forget the weight of work. His mother said that he would run the whole country from here if he could. But he couldnt， not as the things were. Everyone knew someone who couldnt find a job. Everyone was looking to him. Everyone was scared. Everyone was looking to him！ They all wanted something from him... but what he wanted was to relax.”

2. Man to Man talk between George VI and Franklin

Roosevelt： The Queen is certainly a lovely one.

George VI： As is the first lady.

Roosevelt： Shes a strong person. Some days， you wouldnt feel like getting out of bed， but women like these， they wouldnt like you to be like that. What do you do to be alone？ You need to give them a reason for that. I open up my stamp book， and no one would bother me anymore. You were wonderful tonight， young man. You were graceful and confident， and youre going to be a fine king.

George VI： I dont know what to say.

Roosevelt： If I were your father， Id be very proud.

George VI： But Queen， she worries... so much. Its been so hard.

Roosevelt： Women worry.

George VI： I just stop listening to her sometimes.