雪城大學(xué)：重組斯洛庫姆樓的基因

邁克爾·斯皮克斯，王飛

雪城大學(xué)：重組斯洛庫姆樓的基因

邁克爾·斯皮克斯，王飛

斯洛庫姆樓由雪城大學(xué)的建筑教授費(fèi)德里克·W·里弗斯和厄爾·哈倫貝克設(shè)計(jì)，建于1919年，最初的建筑系和后來的建筑學(xué)院一直位于此處。100多年以后，隨著教學(xué)分支在佛羅倫薩、倫敦和紐約市成立，雪城大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院真正成為了國(guó)際化的21世紀(jì)教育機(jī)構(gòu)。莊嚴(yán)肅穆、受現(xiàn)代主義影響、文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格的斯洛庫姆樓，被認(rèn)為是世界上最好的建筑學(xué)院之一。隨著數(shù)字平臺(tái)的發(fā)展，我們借用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)擴(kuò)大國(guó)家和國(guó)際影響力，如發(fā)布師生的教學(xué)信息及活動(dòng)講座的播報(bào)，斯洛庫姆樓一直處在我們?yōu)槭澜缣峁┮涣鞯慕ㄖ逃姑闹行?。今天，它為我們的學(xué)生和教職員工提供場(chǎng)所，也激勵(lì)著我們，從近百年前起就一如既往。

斯洛庫姆樓，文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格的藝術(shù)，現(xiàn)代主義影響，史蒂夫·艾恩霍恩，詹姆斯·蓋里森

斯洛庫姆樓由雪城大學(xué)的建筑教授費(fèi)德里克·W·里弗斯和厄爾·哈倫貝克設(shè)計(jì)，建于1919年，最初的建筑系和后來的建筑學(xué)院一直位于此處。值得一提的是，斯洛庫姆樓后來的歷次修繕都是由學(xué)院教師或畢業(yè)生完成的。1976年，時(shí)任院長(zhǎng)魏爾納·塞利格曼教授主持了斯洛庫姆樓的修繕設(shè)計(jì)，提升了空間組織的清晰度，并在此過程中添加了新的功能空間，包括建筑閱覽室和行政辦公室。實(shí)際上，這次修繕是第一次重要的努力，將斯洛庫姆樓從一座大學(xué)建筑——從1919年起就由諸多學(xué)院和學(xué)位項(xiàng)目所占據(jù)，轉(zhuǎn)變成專為建筑學(xué)院所設(shè)計(jì)的空間。塞利格曼的設(shè)計(jì)方案是一系列重要過程的開始，清除了過去幾十年中往往并不成功的加建部分。而另一項(xiàng)更為全面的、真正讓斯洛庫姆樓發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的設(shè)計(jì)，是從1999年開始的，設(shè)計(jì)者是詹姆斯·蓋里森領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的蓋里森建筑事務(wù)所，他也是建筑學(xué)院的1976屆畢業(yè)生。蓋里森的設(shè)計(jì)施工花費(fèi)了9年時(shí)間，在此期間學(xué)院還臨時(shí)搬遷至雪城市中心的一座翻新倉庫中，這座建筑也是由建筑學(xué)院1971屆畢業(yè)生理查德·格拉克曼設(shè)計(jì)的。2008年，建筑學(xué)院成為了斯洛庫姆樓的唯一使用者。

作為一棟優(yōu)雅的花崗巖與石灰?guī)r筑造的文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格建筑，斯洛庫姆樓在過去的數(shù)次修繕中喪失了很多關(guān)鍵的外部和內(nèi)部特征，包括最重要的入口大臺(tái)階，以及大禮堂與中庭（圖1、2）。蓋里森的設(shè)計(jì)方案就是整理并移除建筑歷次修繕過程中的加建部分，從而恢復(fù)原建筑的特征，包括自然通風(fēng)、自然采光。蓋里森的設(shè)計(jì)聚焦于清空中庭，并增添一個(gè)重要的空間，即懸掛在這個(gè)巨大的、失而復(fù)得的中庭上方的大禮堂（圖3），而中庭下方則是一個(gè)開放平面，作為為期一學(xué)期的訪問教授設(shè)計(jì)課工作室空間+展覽空間。其他新增空間包括一個(gè)咖啡廳、一組院長(zhǎng)辦公室、一套學(xué)生服務(wù)辦公室，以及一系列擁有會(huì)議及工作空間的教師辦公室。后者同樣很重要，因?yàn)樗鼈兲峁┝烁咝Ш吐殬I(yè)化的工作及會(huì)議場(chǎng)所。但它們相對(duì)于中庭、禮堂和底層的設(shè)計(jì)展示空間來說依然是次要的，因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)的首要雄心（在1976年塞利格曼的翻新工程中已有所暗示）是恢復(fù)原建筑的功能清晰度，同時(shí)為建筑學(xué)院創(chuàng)造一個(gè)家。蓋里森同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了這兩個(gè)目的，展現(xiàn)了杰出的建筑手法，使斯洛庫姆樓看起來好像從一開始就是專為建筑學(xué)院而設(shè)計(jì)的（圖4-7）。

1 外景/Exterior view

Designed by Syracuse Architecture Professors Frederick W. Revels and Earl Hallenbeck, Slocum Hall has been home to the Department of Architecture, which later became the School of Architecture, since its completion in 1919. Significantly, each of Slocum Hall's subsequent renovations have been designed by either professors or graduates of the school. Dean and Professor Werner Seligmann designed a renovation for Slocum Hall in 1976 that brought new spatial and organizational clarity, adding, in the process, new programmatic elements including an architectural reading room and administrative offices. Indeed, this renovation was the first significant effort to transform Slocum Hall from a university building, occupied since its completion in 1919 by many other schools and programs, into a purposedesigned space for the School of Architecture. While Seligmann's design proposal began the important process of stripping away the accretion of numerous and often ill-conceived additions executed over the years, a more comprehensive, and truly transformational design for Slocum Hall, commenced in 1999 with the selection of Garrison Architects, helmed by James Garrison, a 1976 graduate of the School of Architecture. Though the process to complete Garrison's design took some nine years and saw the school relocate, temporarily, to a renovated warehouse in downtown Syracuse designed by Richard Gluckman, a 1971 graduate of the School of Architecture, Slocum Hall was rededicated in 2008 as a single occupant building for the School of Architecture.

A handsome, granite-and-limestone Renaissance Beaux Arts edifice, Slocum Hall lost, in its many renovations over the years, several of its defining external and internal features, including, most significantly, its grand front entry stair, as well as its auditorium and central atrium(Fig. 1,2). Garrison's brief was to edit and remove the accumulated layers of building renovation and restore important features of the original building including, especially, natural air ventilation and natural light. Garrison focused their efforts on opening up the atrium and making one significant addition: a spectacular auditorium space hung in the upper cavity of an immense, reclaimed volume(Fig. 3), with an open-plan Visiting Critic Studio + Exhibition Space situated below, in the lower cavity of the volume. Other new features included a new café space, a new suite of offices for the dean, a suite of offices for student services, and a clutch of faculty offices with meeting and work spaces. These latter are important features that provided more efficient and professional work and meeting spaces. But they are secondary to the atrium and lecture hall and studio-exhibition space below in achieving the ambition (implicit in Seligmann's 1976 renovation) to both restore the clarity of purpose and function of the original building and create a home for the School of Architecture. Garrison achieved both and in so doing pulled off a remarkable architectural sleight-ofhand by making it seem as though Slocum Hall had been destined, from the beginning, to become the designated home of the School of Architecture (Fig. 4-7).

2 剖面/Section（圖片來源/Source: http://www.garrisonarchitects. com/uploads/12000 12/1495030908197/section_02_no_legend_900_374×341×1253×760_q85.jpg）

3 禮堂/Auditorium

中庭的禮堂（圖8-10）及訪問教授設(shè)計(jì)課工作室+展覽空間，如今也是全校公共活動(dòng)的中心。本校的師生、行政人員，以及訪客、未來的學(xué)生及家長(zhǎng)，總是會(huì)被圍繞著中庭熱鬧上演的有組織或無組織活動(dòng)而深深打動(dòng)（圖14、15）。在學(xué)年中，禮堂中緊湊安排了秋季和春季的系列講座和課程。在其下方，特邀評(píng)圖工作室可以容納每學(xué)期的最多6組設(shè)計(jì)課，由世界各地的客座訪問教授（圖11、12、17）。在每年春季學(xué)期結(jié)束后，特邀評(píng)圖工作室中會(huì)舉辦展覽，例如本年度的全建筑學(xué)院教授群展。底層的中庭空間也成為了建筑中最活躍和繁忙的空間，時(shí)常舉辦講座、研討會(huì)、學(xué)生展覽——例如今年的全院所有本科和研究生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)展“書架生活”。就連大理石廳——也就是在臺(tái)階被移除之前斯洛庫姆樓的正式入口空間，如今也用于舉辦小型的更親密的展覽，例如教師個(gè)展、建筑學(xué)院伯格西安訪問學(xué)者的作品展（圖13）。

蓋里森的修復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)主要針對(duì)中央的公共空間，而設(shè)計(jì)教室、圖書館和其他學(xué)習(xí)空間的改造才剛剛開始。2013年，“艾恩霍恩21世紀(jì)設(shè)計(jì)教室”剛剛完成。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由建筑學(xué)院1967屆畢業(yè)生史蒂夫·艾恩霍恩及其妻子、1967屆雪城大學(xué)畢業(yè)生雪莉·艾恩霍恩慷慨捐助，由建筑學(xué)院副教授布萊恩·朗思威設(shè)計(jì)，是擁有可移動(dòng)桌椅的開放空間，并配備了數(shù)字投影儀、掃描儀、3D打印機(jī)和其他設(shè)計(jì)制造工具?！鞍骰舳?1世紀(jì)設(shè)計(jì)教室”是一個(gè)原型，我們?nèi)缃褚运鼮榉侗緛矸匏孤鍘炷窐侵兴衅渌O(shè)計(jì)教室（圖16）。另外借助建筑學(xué)院2013屆畢業(yè)生威爾·史塔特曼的慷慨捐助，我們大大更新了數(shù)字制造實(shí)驗(yàn)室，添加了新的空間和很多新的機(jī)器——包括3D打印機(jī)和激光雕刻機(jī)。我們最近剛購置了一臺(tái)大型數(shù)控機(jī)床，并且在斯洛庫姆樓的地下室打造一套全新的數(shù)字化制造設(shè)備，容納這臺(tái)機(jī)器和其他的自動(dòng)機(jī)械手。今年我們還得到了拉塞爾·金的一份慷慨捐助，他是建筑學(xué)院1952屆畢業(yè)生、也是雪城大學(xué)中多座建筑的設(shè)計(jì)者，我們才得以將斯洛庫姆樓的閱覽室改造為一座正式的圖書館。

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 二層平面/1st floor plan

6 三層平面/2nd floor plan

7 四層平面/3rd floor plan

8 禮堂內(nèi)景/Interior views of auditorium

9 禮堂內(nèi)景/Interior views of auditorium

The atrium (Fig. 8-10), lecture hall and Visiting Critic Studio + Exhibition Space below are today the center of all school public activities. Faculty, students and administrators from our own campus as well as visitors and prospective students and their parents are always impressed with the buzz of organized and impromptu activities that occur in and around the atrium. Fall and spring lecture series and school courses pack the lecture hall during the academic year. Just below, Visiting Critic Studios provide space for up to six studios each semester, taught by visiting faculty instructors from around the world (Fig. 11, 12). At the end of the spring semester each year, the Visiting Critic Studio space also hosts exhibitions, such as this year's Faculty Show. The ground floor atrium space has also become among the most active and heavily programmed spaces in the building and features lectures, symposia, and student exhibitions, such as this year's student Thesis Exhibition, "Shelf Life." Even the Marble Room (Fig. 13), which was the formal entry to Slocum Hall before the stairs were removed, today serves as an exhibition space for smaller, more intimate subjects such individual faculty shows and the work of School of Architecture Boghosian Faculty Fellows (Fig. 14, 15).

由魏爾納·塞利格曼開始、詹姆斯·蓋里森延續(xù)的建筑修繕工作，讓斯洛庫姆樓成為了一座比最初設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)更好的建筑。此外，這些改造設(shè)計(jì)奠定了進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)建的框架，并為建筑學(xué)院的身份建構(gòu)奠定了靈感和基因。2014年，我們雇傭了紐約的平面設(shè)計(jì)公司Common Name來設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)校的新官網(wǎng)和標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)。他們并沒有設(shè)計(jì)常見、通用式的單一標(biāo)識(shí)，而是一系列圖形和圖案，使用兩種外觀及有限的色彩選擇創(chuàng)造出一套標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)，能夠逐漸在不同媒介、不同場(chǎng)合和不同尺度中體驗(yàn)。建筑學(xué)院的標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)就像斯洛庫姆樓本身一樣，必須通過不同、多樣化的視覺和觸覺體驗(yàn)的累積才能完全感受和理解。標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)的靈感直接提取自斯洛庫姆樓、建筑中可以找到的圖形，例如，以中庭（圖14、15、18-20）為核心的向心設(shè)計(jì)母題，以及蓋里森的修繕設(shè)計(jì)中使用的重復(fù)圓及其他圖形主題。如今，Common Name設(shè)計(jì)的、源于斯洛庫姆樓的文字及圖案的標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)，可以從建筑學(xué)院的手冊(cè)、文具、海報(bào)、圍巾、T恤和手提袋，還有Twitter、Instagram和Facebook賬號(hào)中看到，并且銘刻在斯洛庫姆樓的建筑表面上（圖17、21、22）。

While Garrison's renovation dealt primarily with the central public spaces, the transformation of studio, library and other learning spaces have only just recently commenced. In 2013, the Einhorn 21st Century Studio was completed (Fig. 16, 17). Funded by a generous gift from Steve Einhorn, a 1967 graduate of the School of Architecture, and his wife Sherry Einhorn, a 1967 graduate of Syracuse University, the studio space, which was designed by School of Architecture Associate Professor Brian Lonsway, features an open plan with nonfixed student desks, and is generously appointed with digital projectors, scanners, 3D printers and other work and fabrication tools. The Einhorn 21st Century Studio is a working prototype that we are currently using as a model to renovate all the studio spaces in Slocum Hall. In 2014, we also began to transform the fabrication facilities in Slocum Hall. With a generous gift from Will Stattman, a 2013 School of Architecture graduate, we have significantly upgraded our digital fabrication labs adding new space and many new machines, including 3D printers and laser cutters. We recently purchased a large-bed CNC machine and are in the process of completing a new digital fabrication facility in the basement of Slocum Hall to house this machine as well as several industrial robotic arms. This year we also received a generous gift from Russell King, a 1952 School of Architecture graduate, and architect of many buildings on the campus of Syracuse University, that will enable us to transform the Slocum Hall reading room into a formal library.

10 禮堂軸測(cè)/Auditorium axonometric

11 訪問教授設(shè)計(jì)課工作室/Visiting Critic Studio

12 訪問教授設(shè)計(jì)課工作室/Visiting Critic Studio

13 展覽空間/Exhibition space

14 中庭/Atrium

雪城大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院在佛羅倫薩、倫敦、紐約、即將在深圳都擁有設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)分支，如今已成為一個(gè)極為國(guó)際化、屬于21世紀(jì)的教育機(jī)構(gòu)。然而，這座優(yōu)雅的、受到現(xiàn)代主義影響的、文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格的、我們所謂的斯洛庫姆樓，位于美麗的雪城大學(xué)、建立于1870年的紐約州北部，依然是這座很多人眼中美國(guó)乃至全世界最杰出的建筑學(xué)院的實(shí)體和精神、字面及象形意義上的家園。當(dāng)我們利用多種數(shù)字化平臺(tái)在國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際層面不斷拓展的同時(shí)——刊登學(xué)生和教師作品、直播講座及研討會(huì)、傳播我們的價(jià)值和事業(yè)——斯洛庫姆樓依然是我們追求世界最佳建筑教育之目標(biāo)的核心陣地。今天它依然像近100年前那樣，容納并激勵(lì)著我們的學(xué)生、教師和員工?！酰S華青 譯）

The building renovations commenced by Werner Seligmann and continued by Jim Garrison have made Slocum Hall a better building than was originally designed. In addition, these renovations have provided the framework for continued expansion as well as the inspiration and DNA for what has become the very identity of the School of Architecture. In 2014, we hired New York-based graphic design firm Common Name to design our new website and new school identity. Rather than designing a single logo that would be experienced all at once, in one take, as it were, Common Name designed instead an alphabet of shapes and patterns and used two type faces and a limited color palette to create an identity system that could only be understood when experienced over time through different media, in different situations, and at different scales. The School of Architecture identity, like Slocum Hall itself, is only fully appreciated and understood through the accumulation of many different and many different kinds visual and tactile experiences. The identity system was inspired by and extracted directly from Slocum Hall, from the shapes found in the original building, such as the atrium ground floor central design motif(Fig. 18-20), and in the repeating circles and other patterns deployed in the Garrison renovation. Today the Common Name designed identity, spun from literal and figural strands of Slocum Hall DNA, can be found on School of Architecture catalogues, stationary, posters, scarves, T-Shirts and tote bags, on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook accounts, and inscribed on the very surfaces of Slocum Hall itself (Fig. 21, 22).

15 院長(zhǎng)論壇/Deans' discussion

16 艾恩霍恩21世紀(jì)設(shè)計(jì)教室/Einhorn 21st Century Studio

With studio facilities in Florence, London and New York City, and soon to be in Shenzhen, the Syracuse University School of Architecture is today a truly international, 21st Century educational institution. And yet, the handsome, modernist-inflected, Renaissance Beaux Arts home that we call Slocum Hall, located on the beautiful campus of Syracuse University, founded in upstate New York in 1870, remains the physical and spiritual, the literal and figural, home of what many regard as among the very best schools of architecture in the US and in the world. As we have expanded our national and international reach using a variety of digital platforms – posting the work of our students and faculty, broadcasting our lectures and symposia, and communicating who we are and what we do – Slocum Hall has remained at the center of our mission to provide the best architecture education in the world. It houses and inspires our students, faculty and staff today just as it did nearly one hundred years ago.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architect: Garrison Architects

承包商/Contractor: Hayner Hoyt工程師/Engineer: Ove Arup

副工程師/Associate Engineer: Peterson Engineering, PC

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineer: Klepper, Hahn & Hyatt

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Design: Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting Design

攝影/Photos: Steve Sartori (fig. 1), Grrrison Architects (fig. 4-7, 10), David Joseph Photography (fig. 3, 8, 14, 18-20), Michael Speaks (fig. 9, 11), Thomas Kim (fig. 12, 13, 15-17), Common Name (fig. 21, 22)

17 訪問教授設(shè)計(jì)課工作室/Visiting Critic Studio

18 中庭/Atrium

19 中庭四層/3rd floor of atrium

20 中庭五層/4th floor of atrium

21 手袋/Tote bags

22 手袋/Tote bags

Syracuse University: Reweaving the DNA of Slocum Hall

Michael Speaks, WANG Fei

Designed by Syracuse Architecture Professors Frederick W. Revels and Earl Hallenbeck, Slocum Hall has been home to the Department of Architecture, which later became the School of Architecture, since its completion in 1919. More than 100 years later, with studio facilities in Florence, London and New York City, the Syracuse University School of Architecture is a truly international, 21st Century educational institution. And yet, the handsome, modernistinflected, Renaissance Beaux Arts home that we call Slocum Hall, remains the physical and spiritual home of what many regard as among the very best schools of architecture in the US and in the world. As we have expanded our national and international reach with new global campus locations and by using a variety of digital platforms – posting the work of our students and faculty, broadcasting our lectures and symposia--Slocum Hall has remained at the center of our mission to provide the best architecture education in the world. It houses and inspires our students, faculty and staff today just as it did nearly one hundred years ago.

Slocum Hall, Renaissance Beaux Arts, modernistinflected, Steve Einhorn, James Garrison

雪城大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院

2017-06-20