GRADA?KA公寓式住宅

斯洛文尼亞盧布爾雅那

GRADA?KA公寓式住宅

Apartment House Grada?ka Ljubljana, Slovenia

斯洛文尼亞盧布爾雅那

Grada?ka公寓式住宅是一幢獨(dú)立式建筑，內(nèi)設(shè)12間高規(guī)格可供任何類型租戶租住的公寓。Grada?ka公寓式住宅位于一片城市居住區(qū)邊緣，居住區(qū)內(nèi)為四層高的公寓樓。正后方是風(fēng)格迥異的小型鄉(xiāng)村式住宅區(qū)，位于兩者之間的GRADA?KA公寓式住宅樓正好避免了該處鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)格與城市風(fēng)格住宅生硬的過(guò)渡。由于Grada?ka住宅樓坐落在低矮鄉(xiāng)村住宅區(qū)的保護(hù)范圍，因而，盧布爾雅那城堡和市中心的美景一覽無(wú)遺。

Grada?ka住宅內(nèi)的12間公寓風(fēng)格各異，足以滿足各類住戶的需求。每間公寓首先單獨(dú)進(jìn)行分塊設(shè)計(jì)，再堆疊成一幢緊湊型建筑，猶如12塊巨大的俄羅斯方塊。每間公寓都設(shè)有一層半或雙層通高客廳，使其各具特色，并且充分保證室內(nèi)空間在垂直方向上的視野。每間公寓均設(shè)有廊，以便住戶觀察樓下生活區(qū)的情況。每間公寓在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)保證至少有兩個(gè)朝向，以便住戶能夠觀看到城市或周邊景觀的全景。盡管該建筑并未設(shè)計(jì)花園或陽(yáng)臺(tái)等外部緩沖地帶，但每間公寓的立面可以完全打開，室內(nèi)空間也因此變成了室外空間的延伸，而客廳則變?yōu)槌鞘嘘?yáng)臺(tái)，通過(guò)看似矛盾的手法拉近了私人空間和公共空間的距離。通過(guò)這種矛盾創(chuàng)造出都市生活，Grada?ka住宅為住戶提供了一種讓人聯(lián)想到居住在城市郊區(qū)住宅的生活方式，即居住在一間擁有大型私人花園的住宅內(nèi)。通過(guò)這種方式，整個(gè)城市成為了居住者的私人花園。建筑的四個(gè)立面使用三種不同的材料制成：薄金屬格柵、礫巖和反射性透明玻璃。礫巖用于勾勒每間公寓的輪廓，而玻璃則用于反射周邊景觀，避免其映入公寓內(nèi)部以及公寓內(nèi)部的隱私向外界泄露。不銹鋼遮光板既能使公寓內(nèi)的光線形成漫反射，又可避免外部光線直射入公寓內(nèi)。由于采用反射玻璃立面，建筑的外觀會(huì)經(jīng)常變幻。白天，建筑是內(nèi)斂的，但夜間，建筑是外向的，它褪下外表神秘的面紗。公寓與城市、私人與公共間的界線開始消失，立面成為了可以切換的表面，在鄉(xiāng)村與城市、私人與公共之間切換自如。立面是一件可以滲透的外衣，不僅僅讓室內(nèi)融入戶外，還可以讓建筑周邊的環(huán)境滲入公寓的小環(huán)境內(nèi)。室內(nèi)看到戶外的景色與每天回家時(shí)建筑立面上反射的景色相同，這同樣能夠增進(jìn)住戶對(duì)建筑的認(rèn)同。

我們并未通過(guò)類似的外形、體積或材料使建筑物與當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境融為一體，而是通過(guò)色彩和偽裝——在立面上反射周邊景色實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。對(duì)Grada?ka住宅的褒貶不一：當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)其龐大的外形以及是否能夠融入周邊環(huán)境表示憂慮，而外國(guó)游客認(rèn)為這是一幢與當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖL(fēng)格高度一致的建筑。對(duì)于我們而言，該項(xiàng)目提供了一種截然不同的對(duì)特定環(huán)境的認(rèn)知方式。

The Apartment House Grada?ka is a freestanding building with twelve high standards, open market apartments. The Apartment House Grada?ka is located on an edge lot belonging to an urban residential block consisting of four-story apartment buildings. Situated directly behind it is a quite different neighborhood of small-scale houses of an almost rural character. Our building is thus a mediator in what is essentially a near collision of rural and urban scales. Situated on the periphery of a protected enclave of low housing units, the Grada?ka House offers ample views of the Ljubljana Castle and city center.

The Grada?ka House is comprised of twelve diverse fl ats that are adaptable enough to accommodate any type of inhabitant. Particular apartments were developed in sections and then stacked together into one compact building like twelve over sized Tetris blocks. Each apartment has a one and a half or double height living room, giving each of the units an individual character and enabling vertical views of the interior space. All of the apartments have a gallery allowing views of the living quarters below. Each fl at also has at least a double orientation and thus a panoramic view of the city or the surroundings.Although the building has no outside buffer spaces such as gardens or terraces, the facade of every apartment can be completely opened up. As such, the interior space becomes a surrogate for the exterior, and the living room becomes an urban terrace, which is a somewhat contradictory way,establishes a close relationship between the strictly private and the public. Using this contradiction as a ?generator of urban living?, we designed a building located in the city that offers a lifestyle associated with dwellings located on the outskirts, suggesting a house with a large private garden.In this way, the whole city becomes the inhabitants' private garden. The building's four facades are made of three different materials: a thin metal filigree base; a conglomerate stone, which outlines the individual apartments, and a combination of reflective and transparent glass panels, which mirror the surroundings, prevent them from entering into the apartments, or reveal the interior of an apartment in the surroundings. The stainless steel shading elements either diff use the light in the apartment or prevent it from entering. The appearance of the building constantly changes because of the reflective glass facade. During the day the building is introverted, but during the night it unveils itself and opens to the surroundings. The border between the apartment and the city, between the individual and the public,starts to dissolve, and the facade becomes a switching surface, shifting between the rural and the urban and between the personal and the public. The facade is a permeable envelope that not only lets the interior extend to the exterior but also the context of the building into the microcosm of the apartments.This also facilitates the inhabitants' identification with the building in which they live, since the view they have toward the outside is the same one they see reflected on the facade as they approach their home.Rather than trying to contextualize the building through formal, volumetric, or material similarities to the area, we achieved this through the use of color and camouflaging by reflecting the immediate surroundings on the facade. Reactions to the Grada?ka House have been diverse: whereas locals were concerned about its size and how it would work within the surrounding environment, foreign visitors see it as a highly contextual building. For us, the project is one that allows a specific environment to be seen in a new and di ff erent way.

一層平面圖 1st floor

二層平面圖 2nd floor

三層平面圖 attic

立面圖 Facade

剖面圖 Sections